基于深度自动编码器的脑网络状态观测矩阵降维方法

针对人脑网络状态观测矩阵高维无特征的特点,给出了一种基于深度自动编码器(DAE)的降维算法.利用深度学习网络,将高维的人脑网络空间表达映射到低维的本质特征空间中,为进一步提炼脑网络的动态性能提供了基础.实验结果证明:应用该方法可以达到有效的降维效果,且降维后脑网络状态通过自组织特征映射聚类具有一定的规律性,从而为脑网络的动态特性研究提供了基础.     

融合稀疏因子的情感分析堆叠降噪自编码器模型

基于深度学习的特征抽取是目前数据降维问题的研究热点,堆叠自编码器作为一种较为常用的模型,无法对混有噪声及较稀疏的数据进行良好的特征表达。面向微博情感分析,通过在堆叠降噪自编码器的各隐藏层中加入稀疏因子,来解决样本数据所含噪声和稀疏性对特征抽取的影响。使用COAE评测数据集进行的情感分析实验表明所提模型分类的准确率和召回率都有所提高。     

单类支持向量机融合深度自编码器的异常检测模型

大规模高维不平衡数据是异常检测中的重大挑战.单类支持向量机在处理不平衡数据方面非常有效,但不适合大规模高维数据,同时单类支持向量机的核函数对检测性能也具有重要的影响.文中提出了一个深度自编码器与单类支持向量机相结合的异常检测模型,深度自编码器不仅负责提取特征和降维,同时拟合出了一个自适应核函数.深度自编码器与单类支持向...     

多元时序的深度自编码器聚类算法

针对深度聚类算法对多变量时间序列数据（MTS）的特征提取能力不足等问题,提出一种新的深度聚类结构模型（MDTC）。为了提取MTS的关键特征并实现降维,提出一维卷积学习MTS的属性和时序维度的特征表示与循环神经网络等网络层组成的自编码器结构;为了提高模型对时序特征的表示能力,提出了MCBAM时序注意力模块,用于增强MTS序列中不同时间段的表示特征。在九个公开UEA多元时序数据集进行了实验,模型的自编码器结构相较其他自编码器在七个数据集上提升了2%~9%;模型的MCBAM模块相较其他注意力模块在六个数据集上提升了0.3%~2%。实验表明MDTC模型结构和MCBAM模块的有效性,同时模型对比其他聚类算法具有优异的表现。     

基于融合变分图注意自编码器的深度聚类模型

聚类作为数据挖掘和机器学习中最基本的任务之一,在各种现实世界任务中已得到广泛应用.随着深度学习的发展,深度聚类成为一个研究热点.现有的深度聚类算法主要从节点表征学习或者结构表征学习两个方面入手,较少考虑同时将这两种信息进行融合以完成表征学习.提出一种融合变分图注意自编码器的深度聚类模型FVGTAEDC(Deep Clustering Model Based on Fusion Varitional Graph Attention Self-encoder),此模型通过联合自编码器和变分图注意自编码器进行聚类,模型中自编码器将变分图注意自编码器从网络中学习(低阶和高阶)结构表示进行集成,随后从原始数据中学习特征表示.在两个模块训练的同时,为了适应聚类任务,将自编码器模块融合节点和结构信息的表示特征进行自监督聚类训练.通过综合聚类损失、自编码器重构数据损失、变分图注意自编码器重构邻接矩阵损失、后验概率分布与先验概率分布相对熵损失,该模型可以有效聚合节点的属性和网络的结构,同时优化聚类标签分配和学习适合于聚类的表示特征.综合实验证明,该方法在5个现实数据集上的聚类效果均优于当前先进的深度聚类方法.     

一种基于Curv-SAE特征融合的人脸降维和识别方法

相比于传统的降维算法,深度学习中的栈式自编码器(Stacked Autoencoder,SAE)能够有效地学习特征并实现高效降维,然而对输入特征极其敏感。第二代离散曲波变换(Discrete Curvelet Transform,DCT)能够提取出人脸的各向信息(包含边缘和概貌特征),确保SAE的输入特征充分,从而弥补了其不足。因此,提出了一种基于Curv-SAE特征融合的人脸识别降维算法,即对人脸图像进行DCT得到特征脸并将其作为SAE的输入特征进行训练,特征融合后将其输入到分类器中进行识别。在ORL和FERET人脸数据库上的实验表明,与小波变换相比,曲波的特征信息更丰富;与传统的降维算法相比,SAE的特征表达更充分且识别精度更高。     

基于网络表示学习的深度社团发现方法

挖掘复杂网络中的社团结构有助于理解网络内部结构和功能特性,具有重要的理论价值和实际应用意义.随着信息技术的飞速发展,爆炸式增长的网络数据为社团发现任务提出了前所未有的挑战.为此,文中利用深度神经网络将网络表示学习和社团发现领域相连接,提出一种基于网络表示学习的深度社团发现方法.算法首先根据节点潜在的社团成员相似性来量化节点之间的结构相似度,从而构造包含潜在社团结构信息的社团结构矩阵;然后建立由多个非线性函数组成的多层自编码器,将社团结构矩阵作为深度自编码器的输入,获得保存了潜在社团结构的节点低维表示;最后在网络表示上应用K-means聚类策略获得社团结构.在不同规模的真实网络和人工网络上进行了大量的实验,并与典型的算法进行比较,实验结果表明了算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于主动深度学习的高光谱影像分类

针对当前高光谱遥感影像分类人工标注样本费时费力,大量未标注样本未得到有效利用以及主要利用光谱信息而忽视空间信息等问题,提出了一种空-谱信息与主动深度学习相结合的高光谱影像分类方法。首先利用主成分分析对原始影像进行降维,在此基础上提取像素的一正方形小邻域作为该像素的空间信息并结合其原始光谱信息得到空谱特征。然后,通过稀疏自编码器得到原始数据的稀疏特征表达,并通过逐层无监督学习稀疏自编码器构建深度神经网络,输出原始数据的深度特征,将其连接到softmax分类器,利用少量标记样本以监督学习的方式完成模型的精调。最后,利用主动学习算法选择最不确定性样本对其进行标注,并加入至训练样本以提高分类器的分类效果。分别对PaviaU影像和PaviaC影像进行分类实验的结果表明,该方法在少量标记样本情况下,相对于传统方法能有效地提高分类精度。     

无监督混阶栈式稀疏自编码器的图像分类学习

目前多数图像分类的方法是采用监督学习或者半监督学习对图像进行降维,然而监督学习与半监督学习需要图像携带标签信息。针对无标签图像的降维及分类问题,提出采用混阶栈式稀疏自编码器对图像进行无监督降维来实现图像的分类学习。首先,构建一个具有三个隐藏层的串行栈式自编码器网络,对栈式自编码器的每一个隐藏层单独训练,将前一个隐藏层的输出作为后一个隐藏层的输入,对图像数据进行特征提取并实现对数据的降维。其次,将训练好的栈式自编码器的第一个隐藏层和第二个隐藏层的特征进行拼接融合,形成一个包含混阶特征的矩阵。最后,使用支持向量机对降维后的图像特征进行分类,并进行精度评价。在公开的四个图像数据集上将所提方法与七个对比算法进行对比实验,实验结果表明,所提方法能够对无标签图像进行特征提取,实现图像分类学习,减少分类时间,提高图像的分类精度。     

堆栈式混合自编码器的人脸表情识别方法

针对进一步提高人脸表情识别率的问题,采用了一种基于深度学习的堆栈式混合自编码器（Stacked Hybrid Auto-Encoder,SHAE）的人脸表情识别方法。该方法的结构是由去噪自编码器（Denoising Auto-Encoder,DAE）、稀疏自编码器（Sparse Auto-Encoder,SAE）以及自编码器（Auto-Encoder,AE）组合而成的5层网络结构。为了增加网络的鲁棒性以及泛化能力,采用去噪自编码器对样本进行提取特征,为了对提取的特征进行降维以及进一步提取更抽象的稀疏特征,采用稀疏自编码器进行级联,来对特征进一步处理。训练过程首先由无标签的数据进行预训练和整体微调,对整个结构的权重进行初始化和更新调整,然后使用有标签的数据进行测试训练。在JAFFE和CK+两个数据集上实验显示,相较于单纯的堆栈式去噪自编码或者单纯的堆栈式稀疏自编码,该方法具有更好的识别效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.