室内60 GHz毫米波无线信道参数及其相关性研究

基于典型的室内走廊环境,对60 GHz毫米波通信信道参数及其相关特性进行了研究.在视距和非视距条件下,分析了信道参数包括多径个数、均方根时延扩展、莱斯因子、阴影衰落的特点及其分布模型,研究了信道参数之间的相关特性.结果表明:在视距条件下各参数之间普遍具有较强的相关性,而在非视距条件下只有均方根时延扩展和多径个数之间的相关性较强.利用信道参数的相关特性可从一个参数来预测另一参数,为60 GHz无线通信系统的设计提供有用信息.     

MIMO信道仿真模型比较及其验证北大核心

建立在几何上的WINNER模型和COST2100随机信道模型是第四代(4G)移动通信MIMO(multi-input multi-output,多输入多输出)信道仿真中两个最为典型的仿真模型,在4G信道仿真中得到广泛应用。由于WINNER模型和COST2100模型不同的物理机制,还缺乏对这两种模型的比较和在具体应用场景下的有效性和契合度的研究。在室内环境中开展了WINNER模型和COST2100信道仿真比较与验证研究,在视距和非视距的情况下,对信道的功率时延谱、莱斯因子、信道容量、时延扩展和角度扩展等信道特征参数进行仿真对比,再利用实际测试数据的分析结果作为佐证,验证两个模型的契合度以及模型的实用性。     

多天线NLOS定位误差抑制算法

为抑制非视距传播造成的定位误差,提出一种基于对各基站TOA测量结果进行NLOS判别的误差抑制算法。与传统基于TOA统计信息的NLOS抑制不同,算法直接利用移动台多天线接收数据判别基站视距状态,然后融合LOS和NLOS基站测量结果解算移动台位置。NLOS判别机制采用多天线接收数据估计信道莱斯K因子,利用K因子在LOS/NLOS下服从的不同概率分布在信号处理层面对NLOS基站进行判别。算法最后采用约束最优化方法融合识别后的LOS和NLOS基站的TOA测量结果解算移动台位置。仿真结果表明,所提融合NLOS基站TOA解算算法可有效提高NLOS存在时的定位精度。      

60 GHz与300 GHz频段航天器舱内通信信道特性

太赫兹(THz)技术有望在航天器舱体轻质化和舱内高容量传输需求方面发挥重要作用.本文构建了典型航天器舱内毫米波60 GHz与太赫兹300 GHz频段信道三维仿真模型,基于射线追踪法获取了两种典型发射机部署位置下的无线信道特性,提取并分析了路径损耗指数、阴影衰落因子、莱斯K因子、均方根时延扩展和角度扩展等关键信道参数,研究了发射机的部署位置对特定频段舱内信道的影响.结果表明：相同环境下,频率越高、路径损耗与莱斯K因子越大而时延扩展越小;相同频率下,发射机部署于舱内角落的信道特性优于部署于舱内上壁中央.本文所研究的无线信道特性将为未来复杂舱内环境下的太赫兹通信系统设计和部署提供启示.     

39 GHz室外微蜂窝信道测量、建模与仿真研究

基于39 GHz室外微蜂窝场景实测数据,开展了毫米波段路径损耗、阴影衰落和大尺度参数的建模与仿真研究.介绍了毫米波段喇叭旋转测量系统下空间交替广义期望最大化(Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization,SAGE)算法信号模型,优化的分簇算法与莱斯因子计算方法.基于SAGE提取多径参数,利用优化的分簇算法提取并分析了簇参数,包括簇内角度扩展、簇内时延扩展以及簇的数目,并根据测量结果验证了第三代合作伙伴计划(The 3rd Generation Partnership Project,3GPP)第五代(the 5th Generation,5G)移动通信标准推荐的仿真平台准确定性无线信道产生器(Quasi-Deterministic Radio Channel Generator,QuaDRiGa)在39 GHz的可用性.结果表明:在视距径下,方向性路损和全向路损在固定截距和浮动截距两种拟合方式下与自由空间路损模型接近;大尺度参数统计特性与基于毫米波的第五代集成通信移动无线电接入网络(Millimetre-Wave Based Mobile Radio Access Network for Fifth Generation Integrated Communications,mmMAGIC)、3GPP结论接近;视距径与非视距径的簇参数差别较小,且簇的个数较6 GHz下的频段更少.本文为5G毫米波39 GHz频段信道仿真和系统设计提供了重要的信道模型和参数.     

6G超大规模天线信道波束域传播特性分析

为了探明6G超大规模天线信道在波束域的信道传播特性,重点开展了无线信道测量实验与测量数据分析.首先,在典型城市场景下,开展了sub-6 GHz频段配置超大规模均匀线阵的视距(light-of-sight, LoS)和非视距(non-LoS, NLoS)信道测量实验;其次,划分若干子阵列,并分别使用高分辨率参数提取算法估计多径幅度、时延和角度;然后,根据不同的子阵列角度分辨率构建虚拟波束,将对应不同虚拟波束角度的多径进行分组及叠加.通过比较不同子阵列在相同角度对应的虚拟波束系数,发现传统天线域的空间非平稳特性在波束域表现不明显.通过分析不同虚拟波束的信道系数,可观察到波束域稀疏特性,并且LoS场景的稀疏特性更加明显.针对不同场景下各虚拟波束的多径数目、功率和均方根时延扩展进行拟合分析,可知分别服从高斯分布、高斯分布、均匀分布.此外,分析发现LoS场景下虚拟波束间相关性较低,而NLoS场景下虚拟波束间相关性随波束分辨率提高而增大.     

基于射线跟踪法的73 GHz走廊环境MIMO信道特性研究

为了研究5G室内走廊环境的毫米波传输特性,通过射线跟踪仿真方法预测了室内走廊环境下73 GHz毫米波MIMO信道特性。介绍了实验的仿真环境和射线跟踪仿真预测的实验方法和具体参数设置。研究了室内走廊环境下73 GHz毫米波MIMO信道的路径损耗、RMS时延扩展和MIMO信道容量变化。发现了路径损耗斜率和RMS时延数值较小。研究MIMO容量随距离变化时发现,收发机沿走廊纵向方向中间处会产生容量峰值,主要是由于该处散射丰富,NLOS分量大。研究MIMO容量特性发现增大天线间距和增大天线阵列规模可以提升容量,但是采用4×64 Massive MIMO相对于采用4×4 MIMO时容量提升较为有限。实验证实了73 GHz毫米波MIMO可以用于室内走廊环境。     

天线匹配对莱斯信道下紧凑MIMO系统性能的影响

深入研究了存在天线互耦和空间相关时,天线匹配网络对莱斯信道下多输入多输出MIMO系统性能的影响,建立了包含相关莱斯信道、天线互耦和匹配网络的(MIMO)系统模型.通过仿真分析了匹配阻抗、天线互耦、空间相关性以及信道衰落环境对包络相关性和信道容量的影响.实验结果表明:莱斯信道下匹配阻抗对MIMO系统的影响与瑞利信道情况下有所不同,适当地选择天线匹配阻抗可以改善MIMO系统的性能.     

城市交通环境下23GHz信道仿真建模

随着车载网络的发展,新的无线电技术已经成为人们关注的焦点.车辆间通信既要求超可靠低时延,同时又对通信数据速率有较高的要求.本文针对韩国大田的城市环境进行仿真,并表征23GHz车载移动通信信道的特性.利用射线跟踪仿真萃取路径损耗、莱斯K因子、均方根时延扩展和角度扩展等典型信道参数,定量地分析并总结其对车辆通信的影响,为毫米波车载移动通信系统的部署提供参考和指导性建议.     

三维空间MIMO信道接收天线阵列互耦效应及系统容量分析

针对非频率选择性瑞利衰落MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output)信道,建立了接收天线阵列的三维空间信道模型,将MIMO的一般信道建模推广到三维空间域。在建模过程中利用天线阵列在互耦效应下的等效网络模型,推导出三维空间域模型下的互耦相关性的通用表达式,阐明了互耦效应下相关性与无互耦相关性之间的关系。应用通用表达式分析了当接收端为不同的天线阵列结构时,入射信号的中心到达角和角度扩展分别对于在互耦效应下信道容量的影响。分析结果验证了不同的角度扩展对于互耦相关性的影响,揭示了在互耦效应下影响系统容量的主要因素为入射信号的平均中心到达角。     

Indoor channel characteristics based on wideband MIMO measurements at 5.25 GHz

Extensive indoor channel measurements were conducted in Beijing with wideband multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） sounder at 5.25 GHz. Both line-of-sight （LOS） and non-line-of-sight （NLOS） propagation were measured in the indoor office and hotspot scenarios. On the basis of measured data, statistical channel characteristics are presented in this article, including the empirical path loss （PL） models, three excess delay parameters, circular azimuth spread （CAS）, and circular elevation spread （CES）. Comparative analysis of different propagation mechanisms in two scenarios is conducted. These values are significant for indoor coverage and technical research of MIMO and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） for the international mobile telecommunications-advanced （IMT-Advanced） system.     

Multibeam Selection for Indoor MIMO Systems: Two Cases of Study

The performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using beam selection is investigated in this paper. Based on the results of a channel sounding campaign carried out at the University of Manitoba for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, it was possible to contrast the results of transmitter, receiver and joint beam selection in rich scattering environments. The channel was characterized in the 1-2.4 GHz frequency band with a multipath delay resolution better than 5.8 ns. The beam selection was performed by exhaustive search method. The results led us to important conclusions regarding the beam selection procedure and its potential to improve the indoor channel capacity. In LOS, the single input single output (SISO) system that favours the maximum power direction of arrival (DOA) maximizes the capacity. Capacity improvements are observed by increasing the number of receiver beams (RBs) only at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for omnidirectional transmission. The best performance in transmitter beam selection in LOS is observed by increasing the number of transmitter beams (TBs) for high SNRs. In the case of NLOS, the capacity performance is improved when more than a single beam is used in either, transmitter or receiver side. The joint transmitter-receiver beam selection exhibits best capacity performance only for large SNRs in LOS while the SISO systems outperforms any joint beam selection alternative for low SNRs. In contrast, in NLOS environments, the use of joint beam selection shows a constant capacity performance improvement starting from lower SNR than in the LOS case     

On the capacity of OFDM-based spatial multiplexing systems

This paper deals with the capacity behavior of wireless orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based spatial multiplexing systems in broad-band fading environments for the case where the channel is unknown at the transmitter and perfectly known at the receiver. Introducing a physically motivated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broad-band fading channel model, we study the influence of physical parameters such as the amount of delay spread, cluster angle spread, and total angle spread, and system parameters such as the number of antennas and antenna spacing on ergodic capacity and outage capacity. We find that, in the MIMO case, unlike the single-input single-output (SISO) case, delay spread channels may provide advantages over flat fading channels not only in terms of outage capacity but also in terms of ergodic capacity. Therefore, MIMO delay spread channels will in general provide both higher diversity gain and higher multiplexing gain than MIMO flat fading channels     

Empirical characterization of wideband indoor radio channel at 5.3GHz

Characteristics of wideband indoor radio channel at 5.3 GHz were defined based on an extensive measurement campaign using a wideband channel sounder with 19 ns delay resolution. Pathloss exponents were 1.3-1.5 in LOS and 2.9-4.8 in non-line of sight (NLOS). Large difference in NLOS exponents was due to different dominating propagation mechanisms in different types of building structures. The delay dispersion was characterized by cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the RMS delay spreads, the values for CDF=0.9 varied from 20 to 180 ns in different setups in an office building and large hall environments. The correlation functions of the radio channel in spatial and frequency domains were extracted. Small scale models for five typical indoor scenarios were developed using tapped delay lines     

室内多径时延扩展的实验研究

本文介绍关于室内环境中时延扩散的实验，实验采用基于伪随机码滑动相关法的无线信道探测器，在典型的室内环境中对ＵＨＦ（９００ＭＨｚ）无线信道功率时延曲线进行实地测量，通过对大量实测数据的处理和分析得出了一些很有价值的结论，如在ＬＯＳ及ＮＬＯＳ情况下的时延扩展均方根值和方差；时延扩散与收发距离、路径损耗及收发天线不同线极化方向的关系等等。     

Millimeter-Wave Propagation Channel Characterization for Short-Range Wireless Communications

This paper presents and analyzes the results of millimeter-wave 60-GHz frequency range propagation channel measurements that are performed in various indoor environments for continuous-route and direction-of-arrival (DOA) measurement campaigns. The statistical parameters of the propagation channel, such as the number of paths, the RMS delay spread, the path loss, and the shadowing, are inspected. Moreover, the interdependencies of different characteristics of the multipath channel are also investigated. A linear relationship between the number of paths and the delay spread is found, negative cross correlation between the shadow fading and the delay spread can be established, and an upper bound exponential model of the delay spread and the path loss is developed to estimate the worst case of the RMS delay spread at given path loss. Based on the DOA measurements that are carried out in a room [line of sight (LOS)] and in a corridor with both LOS and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, radio-wave propagation mechanisms are studied. It is found that considering the direct wave and the first-order reflected waves from smooth surfaces is sufficient in the LOS cases. Transmission loss is very high; however, diffraction is found to be a significant propagation mechanism in NLOS propagation environments. The results can be used for the design of 60-GHz radio systems in short-range wireless applications.     

Estimating MIMO system performance using the correlation matrixapproach

The channel capacity of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication system depends substantially on correlation between individual receive branches. We investigate the MIMO capacity using the correlation matrix approach and the Salz-Winters (1994) spatial correlation model. It is shown that for a linear array, correlation has no impact on the MIMO channel capacity provided that the two-element array beamwidth is smaller than the angle spread of the incoming signals. Simple but accurate approximations for the correlation coefficient and the corresponding channel capacity are derived for different angular spreads