平行通道密度波不稳定性研究

本文针对套管式直流蒸汽发生器传热管环隙窄缝通道的流动,采用RELAP5程序对强迫循环并联通道的流动不稳定现象进行研究,指出在进口欠热度较低的条件下,并联通道系统会发生两种完全不同的不稳定现象,即同相密度波不稳定性和管间脉动不稳定性。对密度波不稳定性的发生条件进行研究,在较大的参数范围内确定了各系统参数的影响规律,最终得出流动不稳定边界。并对不同流量条件和不同压力条件下的不稳定性区间进行了比较。     

套管式双面加热蒸汽发生器的热工水力分析

为研究套管式双面加热蒸汽发生器在稳态和瞬态过程中的热工水力特性，建立了描述蒸汽发生器物理现象的一维均匀流数学模型。应用该模型，开发了可计算稳态和瞬态工况下一回路和二回路冷却剂温度场、焓场的直流蒸汽发生器热工水力程序。计算结果对直流蒸汽发生器结构设计、运行具有指导意义。      

高温气冷堆螺旋管式直流蒸汽发生器热工水力学

高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器具有一次侧氦气工质、二次侧直流、螺旋管结构、工作温度高等特点，其热工水力特性与传统压水堆自然循环蒸汽发生器存在很大区别。针对高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器的特点，对其基础热工水力及特有热工水力学问题进行了阐述，主要包括螺旋管内单相及两相流阻及换热计算、横掠螺旋管束流阻及换热计算、温度均匀性及两相流不稳定性等。同时介绍了清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院针对高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器热工设计、温度均匀性及两相流不稳定性等热工水力学问题所开发的一维稳态程序、一维瞬态程序、二维分析程序和方法，并对分析结果和结论进行了讨论。相关研究方法、程序和结论对其他相似参数螺旋管和直管式直流蒸汽发生器具有参考和借鉴意义。     

高温气冷堆螺旋管式直流蒸汽发生器热工水力学

高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器具有一次侧氦气工质、二次侧直流、螺旋管结构、工作温度高等特点,其热工水力特性与传统压水堆自然循环蒸汽发生器存在很大区别。针对高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器的特点,对其基础热工水力及特有热工水力学问题进行了阐述,主要包括螺旋管内单相及两相流阻及换热计算、横掠螺旋管束流阻及换热计算、温度均匀性及两相流不稳定性等。同时介绍了清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院针对高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器热工设计、温度均匀性及两相流不稳定性等热工水力学问题所开发的一维稳态程序、一维瞬态程序、二维分析程序和方法,并对分析结果和结论进行了讨论。相关研究方法、程序和结论对其他相似参数螺旋管和直管式直流蒸汽发生器具有参考和借鉴意义。     

平行通道流动不稳定性研究

并联通道的不稳定性是两相流学科中的重要研究方向。本文针对强迫循环并联环隙窄缝通道系统,使用RELAP5/MOD3.4程序进行分析,研究了平行通道系统的流动不稳定特性。指出在加热通道的水力直径较小时,平行通道系统中存在管间脉动和管间流量漂移两种不稳定现象。根据水动力特性曲线的特性,分析了这两种不稳定现象的形成及发展过程,得出主要运行参数对平行通道管间流量漂移不稳定性的影响规律。     

套管式直流蒸汽发生器负荷跟动态特性分析

新型核动力装置采用紧凑型的套管式直流蒸汽发生器,根据传热特点,对其热工特性进行了分析。采用主冷却剂平均温度不变和二回路侧蒸汽压力不变的双恒定运行方案及经典PID控制器和负荷跟随运行模式,结合SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3.4程序,研究了套管式直流蒸汽发生器的动态特性,分析了降负荷时套管式直流蒸汽发生器的动态响应过程。结果表明,通过优化PID控制器参数,对给水流量进行精确控制,可满足蒸汽压力恒定的控制策略,实现双恒定运行方案,使一、二回路的运行达到较好的协调;套管式直流蒸汽发生器升降功率速度快,蒸汽压力稳定,且动态响应时间短。     

套管式直流蒸汽发生器负荷跟随动态特性分析

新型核动力装置采用紧凑型的套管式直流蒸汽发生器,根据传热特点,对其热工特性进行了分析。采用主冷却剂平均温度不变和二回路侧蒸汽压力不变的双恒定运行方案及经典PID控制器和负荷跟随运行模式,结合SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3.4程序,研究了套管式直流蒸汽发生器的动态特性,分析了降负荷时套管式直流蒸汽发生器的动态响应过程。结果表明,通过优化PID控制器参数,对给水流量进行精确控制,可满足蒸汽压力恒定的控制策略,实现双恒定运行方案,使一、二回路的运行达到较好的协调;套管式直流蒸汽发生器升降功率速度快,蒸汽压力稳定,且动态响应时间短。     

直流蒸汽发生器的流动不稳定性分析

以蒸汽发生器为研究对象,采用频域控制理论分析并联多通道流动不稳定性的发生机理.建立直流蒸汽发生器的传热和流动数学模型,利用线性微扰原理和Laplace变换推导出闭环系统的特征方程,结合Nyquist稳定性定理判断系统的稳定性.在此基础上,编制了计算机程序对蒸汽发生器的稳定性进行分析.结果表明:系统的稳定性和通道数目有一定关系;随着入口阻力因数的增大,系统的稳定性提高;随着运行负荷的降低,系统的稳定性逐渐降低.     

套管直流蒸汽发生器流动不稳定性研究

由于两相流不稳定性在实际应用中的重要性，许多学者对其本质进行了大量的研究。本文从基本的守恒方程出发，建立了1套完整分析套管直流蒸汽发生器流动不稳定性的数学计算模型。此模型采用均相流和相间热力学平衡假设，并考虑了管壁的蓄热。此模型还被用于研究系统压力，质量流速，进口过冷度，进、出口节流和内、外径之比对流动不稳定性的影响。     

两相流模型在直流蒸汽发生器热工水力分析中的比较研究

根据组成气液两相流基本场方程数量所反映的流动与传热特性的不同,两相流方程分为三方程、四方程、五方程和六方程模型,结合流动压降模型、传热模型、两相相互作用模型以及流动工质的状态参数和结构材料热物性等辅助关系式,可很好地对蒸汽产生系统进行设计和研究分析。本文分析了不同数量的两相流场方程的特点和局限性,结合直管式直流蒸汽发生器实验装置,分别选取最佳估算程序中4种不同的两相流场方程计算模型进行流动传热计算分析,重点比较了强制流动的单相过冷水被加热至单相过热蒸汽过程中的压力与传热特性,从而给出不同场方程的两相流模型在分析具有较大相变过程中的差异性,验证了RELAP5程序和RETRAN-3D程序计算分析直流蒸汽发生器的能力。结果表明,RELAP5程序的六方程模型更适合模拟直流蒸汽发生器。     

Experiment investigation on two-phase flow instability in a parallel twin-channel system

In this paper, the behavior of two-phase flow instability of a twin-channel system is studied experimentally. The two-phase flow instability between twin channels (FIBT) was observed in the experiments at three different system pressures, different inlet resistance coefficients and nonuniform heating condition. The instability boundaries of the twin-channel system are obtained in the phase plane of the subcooling and phase change number. The influences of inlet resistance, system pressure and nonuniform heating are obtained. In the end the numerical simulation results based on RELAP5/MOD3.4 code are also discussed.     

Study theoretically on two-phase circulation flow characteristics under ERVC condition in advanced PWR

For the problem of two-phase natural circulation flow in gap clearance between reactor vessel lower head and insulator in the condition of severe accident, one-dimensional steady-state natural flow analysis code was written by utilizing FORTRAN. Based on the code, the effects of different correlations for friction coefficient and the number of nodes of heating section on mass flow rate of two-phase natural circulation flow were studied. And the results are compared with that of Chinese REPEC experiment and simulation using RELAP5 program so as to verify the rationality and correctness of the code. Based on the experiment data, simulation results and the model, friction coefficient and the void fraction condition under ERVC correlation are obtained by fitting. The results calculated by the model using fitting friction coefficient correlation agree well with ULPU V test data. Furthermore, the effect of power, pressure, inlet area, gap diameter, flooding level and inlet water subcooling on mass flow rate and void fraction of two-phase natural circulation were studied utilizing this code.     

基于RELAP5的两管平行通道流动不稳定性研究

利用RELAP5程序对垂直并联管中汽液两相流不稳定性实验装置进行了模拟,并与实验工况进行比较,结果表明：RELAP5程序的非平衡态两流体模型的计算结果与实验数据符合较好。并在此基础上研究了主要运行参数对两管平行通道管间脉动流动不稳定性的影响。结果表明：入口欠热度对管间脉动的影响并非线性关系;系统压力的增加可提高系统的稳定性并减小管间脉动的振幅;进口节流增加,系统的稳定性明显提高;入口不均匀节流时两管总的极限热负荷升高;不均匀加热时两管总的极限热负荷降低。     

强迫循环并联通道流量漂移现象研究

使用RELAP5程序对垂直并联环隙窄缝通道流量漂移现象进行研究,分析了强迫循环并联通道流量漂移现象的形成过程及其原因,研究了主要运行参数对垂直并联环隙窄缝通道流量漂移现象的影响。结果表明:增大窄缝间隙,降低入口欠热度,增大系统压力,减小热流密度,增加入口单相阻力,减小出口两相阻力均可减小通道压降-流量特性曲线的斜率,从而提高系统的稳定性,避免流量漂移现象的发生。     

Development of TSACO and application to Chinese HCCB TBM cooling system

In this study, a thermal-hydraulic and safety analysis code (TSACO) for helium cooling system has been developed using Fortran 90 language, and the simulation has been performed for the cooling system of the Chinese helium cooled ceramic breeder test blanket module (CH HCCB TBM). The semi-implicit finite difference technique was adopted for the solution of the dynamic behavior of helium cooling system. Furthermore, a detailed illustration of the numerical solution for heat structures and critical model was presented. The code was verified by the comparison of RELAP5 code with the same initial condition, boundary condition, heat transfer and flow friction models. The TBM inlet/outlet temperatures and pressure drop were obtained and the results simulated by TSACO were shown in good agreement with those by RELAP5. Thereafter, the design basis accident in-vessel loss of coolant accident (LOCA), was investigated for the CH HCCB TBM cooling system. The critical flow model was also verified by comparing with RELAP5 code. The results indicated that the TBM can be cooled down effectively. The vacuum vessel (VV) pressure and the mass of helium spilled into the VV maintained below the design limits with a large margin.     

Thermal-Hydraulic System Study of the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed （HCPB） Test Blanket Module （TBM） for ITER Using System Code RELAP5

The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5-models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.     

基于RELAP5的海洋条件下反应堆热工水力系统分析程序开发

研究了倾斜、起伏和摇摆等海洋条件的数学模型.通过修改控制方程,开发了国内首个基于先进的、自由节点划分的RELAP5程序,并且适用于海洋条件的反应堆热工水力系统分析程序RELAP5/MC.用RELAP5/MC对海洋条件下简单两环路系统的自然循环特性进行了计算,其结果都能得到合理解释,由此表明程序开发是初步成功的.     

State-of-the-art computer code RELAP5 validation with RBMK-related separate phenomena data

Validation of the RBMK model, developed by employing best estimate system computer code RELAP5 is performed by employing the data from NPPs operation or from integral and separate effects facilities.Validation of the models on the basis of separate phenomena is necessary to perform due to the fact that RELAP5 code has been developed for PWRs, which operate at different conditions (pressure, temperature, coolant void fraction, etc.) from RBMKs. In addition to that, there is a number of phenomena specific for RBMK type reactors (oscillatory flow rate behaviour in parallel channels, flow stagnation in channels, stratification in long horizontal piping, etc.), which have not been studied during RELAP5 validation for PWRs.In the paper, RELAP5 models for separate effects related to RBMK-1500 are presented and modelling of transients is performed. Obtained results are compared with experimental data.     

基于RELAP5和FLUENT的多尺度耦合分析方法研究

基于二次开发得到的铅冷快堆一维系统程序RELAP5_LEAD和三维计算流体力学程序FLUENT，利用动态链接库技术和FLUENT用户自定义函数，开发了多尺度耦合分析程序RELAP5/FLUENT。在单相范围内，分别利用耦合程序RELAP5/FLUENT开展简单铅冷串联管道的瞬态流动和传热模拟、简单铅冷闭式回路的瞬态流动模拟，并与RELAP5_LEAD计算结果开展Code-to-Code对比分析。研究结果表明，RELAP5/FLUENT计算结果与RELAP5_LEAD模拟结果吻合良好，耦合程序的开发取得了初步成功，可用于分析铅冷快堆堆内的复杂三维热工水力现象。