IMM-based Kalman filter for channel estimation in UWB OFDM systems

Ultra-wide band (UWB) communication is one of the most promising technologies for high-data rate wireless networks for short-range applications. This paper proposes a blind channel estimation method namely Interactive Multiple Model (IMM)-based Kalman algorithm for UWB OFDM systems. IMM-based Kalman filter is proposed to estimate frequency selective time-varying channel. In the proposed method, two Kalman filters are concurrently estimating channel parameters. The first Kalman filter, namely the Static Model Filter (SMF) gives an accurate result when the user is static while the second Kalman filter namely the Dynamic Model Filter (DMF) gives an accurate result when the receiver is in moving state. The static transition matrix in SMF is assumed as an Identity matrix where as in DMF, it is computed using Yule–Walker equations. The resultant filter estimate is computed as a weighted sum of individual filter estimates. The proposed method is compared with other existing channel estimation methods.     

P-order metric UWB receiver structures with superior performance

The generalized Gaussian probability density function is shown to better approximate the probability density function of the multiple access interference in ultra-wide bandwidth systems than the Gaussian approximation and the Laplacian density approximation. Two ultra-wide bandwidth receiver structures based on this new approximation using a p-order metric receiver decision statistic are investigated for the detection of time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidth wireless signals in multiple access interference channels. The first receiver outperforms both the conventional matched filter ultra-wide bandwidth receiver and the soft-limiting ultra-wide bandwidth receiver when only multiple access interference is present in UWB channels. The second new receiver with adaptive limiting threshold outperforms the conventional matched filter ultra-wide bandwidth receiver, the soft-limiting ultra-wide bandwidth receiver, and the adaptive threshold soft limiting ultra-wide bandwidth receiver in all multiple access interference-plus-noise environments. In multipath channels, a new Rake receiver based on the p-order metric receiver is proposed for signal detection. Mathematical analysis and numerical results show that this new Rake receiver can achieve larger signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio than the standard matched filter Rake receiver when multipath components are resolvable in UWB channels.     

多带OFDM超宽带系统信道估计的研究

超宽带(UWB)以其隐蔽性好、传输速率高,抗多径和窄带干扰能力强等优点,在短距多址无线通信中良好的应用前景而引起广泛研究.以多带OFDM超宽带通信系统为背景,主要研究UWB系统室内密集多径信道的估计,提出两种基于训练比特的UWB信道估计算法--ML算法和IML算法.仿真结果表明:两种信道估计算法都能够有效估计信道参数,而IML算法在消除多径成分之间相互干扰方面更优越.     

Channel Estimation for Pilot-Aided OFDM Systems in Single Frequency Network

In single frequency network (SFN), there exist some special long delay spread channels as well as conventional multipath channels. For pilot-aided orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems, channel estimation is usually accomplished by interpolation with pilots. However, few pilot sub-carriers exist within the coherent bandwidth of the long delay spread channels in SFN. In this case, conventional frequency domain interpolation methods cannot work properly. In a narrowband channel, this paper indicates that both the real and the imaginary parts of channel frequency response can be accurately approximated as a sine-wave with DC offset. For many practical pilot-aided OFDM systems, the bandwidth of the narrowband channel mentioned before is comparable with the interval between several adjacent pilot sub-carriers. Then this paper proposes a sine-wave based frequency domain interpolation method for the channel estimation of pilot-aided OFDM systems in SFN. As simulation results show, the proposed method performs well in the long delay spread channel, whereas the mismatched Wiener interpolation filter (WIF) estimates channel response inaccurately. Moreover, the proposed method gives accurate channel estimation in conventional multipath channels, especially for the systems which adopt high order modulations.     

A bandwidth-efficient method for cancellation of ICI in OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very important modulation technique in wideband wireless communication and multimedia communication systems. While, it can effectively deal with multipath delay spread produced by frequency fading channels, its main drawback is the effect of frequency offset (FO) produced by the receiver local oscillator or by motion-induced Doppler. The FO breaks the orthogonality among the subcarriers and hence causes intercarrier interference (ICI). In this paper, ICI caused by frequency drift is eliminated by equalizing the complex weighting coefficients of interference. In most of the commonly used ICI cancellation schemes, bandwidth efficiency suffers because of the requirement of redundancy in the transmission. In the proposed scheme, repetition of data symbols or transmission of training sequence is not required. Thus, the bandwidth efficiency of normal OFDM system is maintained. The improved performance of the present scheme is confirmed through extensive simulations.     

Modeling and Estimation of Wireless OFDM Channels by Using Time-Frequency Analysis

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become a very popular method for high data rate wireless communications because of its advantages over single carrier modulation schemes on multipath, frequency selective fading channels. However, intercarrier interference, due to Doppler frequency shifts, and multipath fading severely degrade the performance of OFDM systems. Estimation of channel parameters is required at the receiver. In this paper, we present a channel modeling and estimation method based on the time-frequency representation of the received signal. The discrete evolutionary transform provides a time-frequency procedure to obtain a complete characterization of the multipath, fading, and frequency selective channels. Simulations are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed procedure and to compare it with other time-varying channel estimation techniques.     

空时编码在单天线UWB通信系统中的应用

超宽带(UWB)适用于基带多用户通信、战场无线通信和高数据率多媒体业务等通信系统,其数据传输速率高、功耗低、多径分辨能力强。但超宽带脉冲信号时域支撑区极窄,信道为密集多径,将空时编码技术引入超宽带通信系统,能够提升无线通信系统的信道容量与抗误比特率性能。在对UWB空时分组编码系统模型性能理论分析的基础上,对空时分组码在单天线UWB系统应用方案与UWB空时分层码方案进进行了简要介绍,利用Matlab对IEEEUWB信道模型进行仿真,提出了空时编码在UWB通讯技术中应用后提升短距高速率无线通信的性能的结论 。     

一种结合自适应信道估计的差分TC-OFDM系统

本文结合正交频分复用(OFDM)、格形编码调制(TCM)与差分编码,提出一种使用子信道交织技术的差分TC—OFDM系统,并在此基础上将信道估计引入系统接收机,提出了与解码相联合的SEWRLS自适应信道估计方法。计算机仿真结果表明,本文提出的联合系统能有效地克服宽带无线通信中的多径衰落,并在快衰落环境中具有很强的抗信道干扰能力。     

Compressive sensing for ultra‐wideband channel estimation: on the sparsity assumption of ultra‐wideband channels

Due to the sparse structure of ultra‐wideband (UWB) multipath channels, there has been a considerable amount of interest in applying the compressive sensing (CS) theory to UWB channel estimation. The main consideration of the related studies is to propose different implementations of the CS theory for the estimation of UWB channels, which are assumed to be sparse. In this study, we investigate the suitability of standardized UWB channel models to be used with the CS theory. In other words, we question the sparsity assumption of realistic UWB multipath channels. For that, we particularly investigate the effects of IEEE 802.15.4a UWB channel models and the selection of channel resolution both on channel estimation and system performances from a practical implementation point of view. In addition, we compare the channel estimation performance with the Cramer‐Rao lower bound for various channel models and number of measurements. The study shows that although UWB channel models for residential environments (e.g., channel models CM1 and CM2) exhibit a sparse structure yielding a reasonable channel estimation performance, channel models for industrial environments (e.g., CM8) may not be treated as having a sparse structure due to multipaths arriving densely. Furthermore, it is shown that the sparsity increased by channel resolution can improve the channel estimation performance significantly at the expense of increased receiver processing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

UWB multi-pulse position modulation for high data-rate wireless application

1 Introduction UWB technology is considered to be a good candidate for future short-range high-data rate wireless communications [1, 2], and modulation plays an important role in UWB wireless communication systems. There are several modulation schemes possible for UWB, such as pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), On-Off keying (OOK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), and so on. Reference [3] provides the analysis result of the different modulation methods…     

基于IEEE UWB标准信道模型的RAKE接收机性能分析

超宽带信号经多径信道传播会产生严重的时间弥散。采用RAKE接收是提高超宽带接收机性能的重要手段。介绍了Intel的UWB多径信道模型。对采用TH-PPM调制的超宽带系统在Intel多径信道模型下A-RAKE，S-RAKE和P-RAKE的误码率性能和对系统复杂性的要求进行了分析。在实际的RAKE接收机设计中，S-RAKE和P-RAKE的性能与支路数有关，S-RAKE要优于P-RAKE。S-RAKE和P-RAKE的性能随着支路的增加而减小。     

Structure-Based Low Complexity MMSE Channel Estimator for OFDM Wireless Systems

Wireless communication systems utilizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions are capable of delivering high data rates over multipath frequency selective channels. This paper deals with joint estimation/interpolation of wireless channel using pilot symbols transmitted concurrently with the data. We propose a low complexity, spectrally efficient minimum mean square error channel estimator which exploits the correlation structure of channel frequency response for reducing the complexity. Specifically, it is shown that if pilots are inserted appropriately across OFDM subcarriers, the proposed algorithm requires no matrix inversion, thereby significantly relieving the computational burden without deteriorating the performance. Moreover, the knowledge of channel correlation is also not required for the proposed estimator. Simulation results validate that the proposed technique outperforms existing low-complexity variants in terms of mean square error and computational complexity.

     

ATM-based TH-SSMA network for multimedia PCS

Personal communications services (PCS) promise to provide a variety of information exchanges among users with any type of mobility, at any time, in any place, through any available device. To achieve this ambitious goal, two of the major challenges in the system design are: (i) to provide a high-speed wireless subsystem with large capacity and acceptable quality-of-service (QoS) and (ii) to design a network architecture capable of supporting multimedia traffic and various kinds of user mobility. A time-hopping spread-spectrum wireless communication system called ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) radio is used to provide communications that are low power, high data rate, fade resistant, and relatively shadow free in a dense multipath environment. Receiver-signal processing of UWB radio is described, and performance of such communications systems, in terms of multiple-access capability, is estimated under ideal multiple-access channel conditions. A UWB-signal propagation experiment is performed using the bandwidth in excess of 1 GHz in a typical modern office building in order to characterize the UWB-signal propagation channel. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the UWB radio and its robustness in a dense multipath environment. A ATM network is used as the backbone network due to its high bandwidth, fast switching capability, flexibility, and well-developed infrastructure. To minimize the impact caused by user mobility on the system performance, a hierarchical network-control architecture is postulated. A wireless virtual circuit (WVC) concept is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency and simplify the network control in the wireless subsystem. The key advantage of this network architecture and WVC concept is that the handoff can be done locally most of the time, due to the localized behavior of PCS users     

Effects of Carrier Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation Errors on the Performance of MIMO-OFDM Systems in Spatially Correlated Channels

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in high-rate wireless communication systems, such as, the wireless local area network (WLAN) and the digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems, to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. Multiple antennas and transmit or receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), can be used to improve error performance and capacity of wireless systems. In this paper, we consider the effects of carrier frequency offset and channel estimation errors on the performance of MIMO-OFDM systems in spatially correlated channels. Theoretical calculations and computer simulations are done to analyze the performance degradation of MIMO-OFDM systems in spatially correlated channels due to carrier frequency offset and channel estimation errors, and the theoretical and simulated results match well.     

Semiblind channel estimation for pulse-based ultra-wideband wireless communication systems

This paper proposes an H/sub /spl infin// based semiblind channel estimation algorithm for pulse-based ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication systems. In the proposed scheme, sparsely inserted periodic pilot symbols are exploited to adapt to not only the time-varying channel fading and noise processes but to their changing statistics and potential external disturbances, such as interference. While the existing optimal filtering-based channel estimation schemes, which are optimized mostly for traditional narrowband or wideband systems, require a priori knowledge of the channel and noise statistics, the proposed scheme does not. By further making full use of the channel characteristics unique in UWB systems, the proposed method is thus especially useful for robust operation in the highly frequency-selective UWB indoor channels for which the channel statistics are environment-dependent, and the noise processes do not necessarily satisfy the white Gaussian distribution in the presence of potential narrowband and multiuser interferences. Performance gain of the proposed scheme over the least square method, an existing technique that could also be applied to UWB channels with unknown statistics, and the Wiener filter-based algorithm is also provided.     

Co-channel interference cancellation for space-time coded OFDM systems

Space-time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising scheme for future wideband multimedia wireless communication systems. The combination of space-time coding (STC) and OFDM modulation promises an enhanced performance in terms of power and spectral efficiency. Such combination benefits from the diversity gain within the multiple-input-multiple-output ST coded system and the matured OFDM modulation for wideband wireless transmission. However, STC transmit diversity impairs the system's interference suppression ability due to the use of multiple transmitters at each mobile. We propose an effective co-channel interference (CCI) cancellation method that employs angle diversity based on -steering beamforming or minimum variance distortion response beamforming. It is shown that the proposed method can effectively mitigate CCI while preserving the space-time structure, thereby, significantly improving the system's interference suppression ability without significant bit-error rate performance degradation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can significantly combat the delay spread detrimental effects over multipath fading channels without the use of interleaving.     

DFT-modulated filterbank transceivers for multipath fading channels

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transceiver has enjoyed great success in many wideband communication systems. It has low complexity and robustness against multipath channels. It is also well-known that the OFDM transceiver has poor frequency characteristics. To get transceivers with better frequency characteristics, filterbank transceivers with overlapping-block transmission are often considered. However these transceivers in general suffer from severe intersymbol interference (ISI) and high complexity. Moreover costly channel dependent post processing techniques are often needed at the receiving end to mitigate ISI. We design discrete Fourier transform (DFT) modulated filterbank transceivers for multipath fading channels. The DFT modulated filterbanks are known to have the advantages of low design and implementation cost. Although the proposed transceiver belongs to the class of overlapping-block transmission, the only channel dependent part is a set of one-tap equalizers at the receiver, like the OFDM system. We show that for a fixed set of transmitting or receiving filters, the design problem of maximizing signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) can be formulated into an eigenvector problem. Experiments are carried out for transmission over random multipath channels, and the results show that satisfactory SIR performance can be obtained.     

Artificial Neural Network Channel Estimation Based on Levenberg-Marquardt for OFDM Systems

The many advantages responsible for the widespread application of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are limited by the multipath fading. In OFDM systems, channel estimation is carried out by transmitting pilot symbols generally. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) channel estimation technique based on levenberg-marquardt training algorithm as an alternative to pilot based channel estimation technique for OFDM systems over Rayleigh fading channels. In proposed technique, there are no pilot symbols which added to OFDM. Therefore, this technique is more bandwidth efficient compared to pilot-based channel estimation techniques. Also, this technique is making full use of the learning property of neural network. By using this feature, there is no need of any matrix computation and the proposed technique is less complex than the pilot based techniques. Simulation results show that ANN based channel estimator gives better results compared to the pilot based channel estimator for OFDM systems over Rayleigh fading channel.     

基于超宽带信道的无线通用串行总线测试与分析

无线通用串行总线系统被视为下一代无线个人局域网通信的关键技术之一,并且被基于多频带正交频分复用技术的超宽带公共无线电平台进行标准化.文中对无线通用串行总线系统在超宽带通信信道中进行性能测试,其中使用了4个超宽带信道模型,每个模型使用100个现实通信信道.实验表明,无线通用串行总线系统在室内多径传输环境下能实现低速200 Mb/s 10 m和高速480 Mb/s 4 m的传输性能,达到了高速无线个人局域网技术的要求.     

UWB Direct Chaotic Communication Technology for Low-Rate WPAN Applications

The goal of this paper is to describe the design of an ultrawideband (UWB) system that is optimized for low-complexity, low-power, low-cost, and low-rate wireless personal area network applications. To this aim, we propose a system based on novel direct chaotic communication (DCC) technology, in which a 2-GHz-wide chaotic signal is directly generated into the lower band of the UWB spectrum. Based on this system, two simple modulation schemes, namely, chaotic on-off keying and differential chaos-shift keying, are studied, and the performance of both noncoherent and differential-coherent transceiver architectures is evaluated. Various system design parameters and tradeoffs are discussed throughout the paper, including frequency band plans, data throughput, and system scalability. In particular, the frequency-division multiplexing technique is proposed as a low-cost alternative to achieving simultaneous operating piconets for short-distance applications. The average power consumption for various operating data rates and the technical feasibility of implementing the DCC system as a low-cost integrated circuit are also addressed. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are performed based on the IEEE 802.15.4a standard channel models to evaluate the performance of the two modulation schemes. In general, both schemes experience little degradation under multipath environments due to the self-inherent wideband characteristic of the chaotic signal.