面向装备再制造的纳米复合电刷镀技术的新发展

粉末冶金修复再制造是新近发展的一种先进材料表面求原重构完型的工艺方法。采用此工艺方法,可以有效解决高温合金,尤其是难焊铸造高温合金叶片及部件的无损伤熔焊连接难题;还可以对叶片的大间隙缺陷如裂纹、孔洞、烧蚀区与磨蚀区等进行三维空间的近等强度的恢复与重建。与加拿大Liburdi Powder Metallurgy(L-PM)工艺相比,作者所研发的高温合金叶片粉末冶金修复工艺(China Powder Metallurgy,C-PM)有显著特色。     

W-(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)混合粉末中间层真空扩散钎焊连接钨与钢

以高能球磨态90W-10(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)(质量分数,%)混合粉末为钎料中间层,分别采用1000、1050和1100℃,均保温60 min并加压5 MPa的工艺参数,对纯钨(W)和0Cr13Al钢进行真空扩散钎焊连接。利用激光粒度分析仪、SEM、EDS和电子万能试验机等研究混合粉末形态、接头的微观组织、成分、力学性能及断口特征。结果表明:接头中的混合粉末中间层通过液相烧结过程,实现钨与钢的扩散钎焊连接,并在接头中生成均匀致密的钨基高密度合金层。高能球磨制备混合粉末对钨基高密度合金层压力下的均匀化与致密化生成具有关键作用。连接温度越高,钨基高密度合金层的液相烧结组织特征越明显。钨/钢接头剪切强度在125~130 MPa之间,断裂均发生在钨基高密度合金层/钨母材的结合区,断口主要呈现为钨母材的脆性沿晶断裂和钨基高密度合金层粘结相与钨颗粒相的韧性脱离断裂。     

热等静压扩散焊制备耐磨层的组织与性能

采用热等静压粉-固连接工艺,研究了0Cr18Ni1oTi合金与Stellite6钴基粉末经热等静压扩散连接及热处理后,耐磨层的组织、力学性能及界面区元素扩散情况.结果表明,热等静压制备的耐磨层组织均匀,主要由Co、Cr3C2、Cr23C6和CrSi2等相组成;界面处W、Fe、Co、Ni和Cr等元素相互扩散,扩散区宽度为40 μm,形成了良好的冶金结合,其结合强度约为500 MPa;耐磨层硬度达到55 HRC以上.钴基耐磨层具有良好的耐磨性,热处理后,耐磨层材料的硬度及强度有所提高,XRD分析显示有CoWSi、CrSi2和C06 W6C相析出有利于提高材料的硬度.     

K417G合金粉末冶金修复接头组织与力学性能分析

针对低压涡轮导向叶片材料K417G合金开展粉末冶金修复技术研究,分析测试钎焊接头组织与高温拉伸性能和高温持久性能. 结果表明,K417G合金可以采用粉末冶金钎焊技术进行裂纹修复,钎焊接头主要由镍基固溶体和少量块状骨架状的富Cr,W的硼化物组成,钎焊接头成形良好,焊料润湿铺展充分,冶金组织为致密等轴晶. K417G合金粉末冶金钎焊修复接头900 ℃高温抗拉强度达到母材同等强度的75%;接头900 ℃高温持久性能在焊缝占比100%的条件下,达到母材的70%;焊缝占比50%的接头900 ℃高温持久性能与母材相当.     

金属的焊接性

20061059 Ineonel 718合金扩散连接接头的组织与性能研究；20061060 利用金属间化台物增强陶瓷钎焊接头——接头组织与界面反应；20061061 热处理对K403合金钎焊接头的γ’相和性能的影响；20061062 预热温度对X80管线钢焊接热影响区组织性能的影响；20061063 低含量元素对Inconel 718耐热台金焊接性的影响；     

K417G合金焊接修复用高温合金粉末设计与工艺

航空发动机涡轮导向叶片在服役过程中形成的裂纹可以采用钎焊粉末冶金修复技术进行修复,针对低压涡轮导向叶片材料和结构特点,设计了K417G合金修复所需的不同成分的粉末填充材料,测试了不同粉末粒度配比的振实密度值,采用金相法、压汞法评估了不同烧结条件下粉末烧结体的孔隙率、平均孔径、中值孔径、最可几孔径等烧结体性能值,优选了粉末填充材料,在此基础上开展了钎焊粉末冶金修复工艺研究,分析测试了钎焊粉末冶金修复接头冶金组织. 结果表明,接头成形良好,焊料润湿铺展充分,接头致密饱满,无明显焊接缺陷.     

3Cr2W8V钢渗硼共晶化直接淬火回火后的组织与性能

根据金相分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等分析,发现3Cr2W8V钢渗硼共晶化直接淬火回火后生成〔T Fe_3(C.B) Fe_2B〕共晶组织,并包有少量Fe_2B和合金碳化物。同时对其表面硬度、耐磨性和耐热疲劳性能进行了试验,结果表明,该工艺有效地提高了3Cr2W8V钢热作模具的耐磨性和热疲劳性能,使热作模具寿命有较大幅度的提高。     

气压熔渗法制备高导热金刚石/Cu–B合金复合材料

以硼质量分数为0.5%的Cu–B合金为金属基体以及平均粒径为500 μm的金刚石颗粒为增强体,采用气压熔渗法制备金刚石/Cu–B合金复合材料,研究气压参数对其组织结构和热物理性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着气压升高,金刚石与Cu–B合金之间的界面结合效果、导热性能均增强,热膨胀系数减小;当气压为10 MPa时,其界面结合效果最优,界面处生成的碳化物层将金刚石完全覆盖,且100 ℃时的样品热导率为680.3 W/(m·K),热膨胀系数为5.038×10?6 K?1,满足电子封装材料的热膨胀系数要求。      

致密ZrO2陶瓷与石英纤维体的连接

利用B2O3与SiO2、ZrO2在低温下生成液相,以及硼硅玻璃的热膨胀系数随硼含量减少而减小的性质,成功实现氧化锆致密体和石英纤维编织体两种热膨胀系数差异极大材料的连接。通过观察不同温度下样品的连接界面形貌,获得能连接两基体且不损坏内部石英纤维的最佳连接温度;结合对连接界面的物相分析和元素分布分析,探讨氧化锆致密体和石英纤维体的连接机制。     

喷雾造粒预合金化W-Ni-Fe三元合金粉末及射频热等离子体致密球化研究

球形致密化的钨基（W-Ni-Fe）合金粉末对增材制造等粉末成形构件的强度等物理性能的提升具有重要意义。采用喷雾造粒和射频热等离子体高温致密球化处理的方式研究了W-Ni-Fe粉末经喷雾造粒后射频热等离子体处理对其合金粉末的形貌、孔隙等的作用效果。研究表明,经喷雾造粒后所形成的96W-2.5Ni-1.5Fe三元合金粉末显微组织结构疏松,内部中空洞较多且表面粗糙;射频热等离子体对喷雾造粒粉进行处理后其综合性能提高,球形粉表面孔洞及疏松现象有所缓解,但仍有部分颗粒表面与内部存在微孔,且致密球化后的W晶粒之间Ni、Fe相含有较高含量的W元素。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.