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国际建筑业管理体制、法制和机制的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为配合我国建筑业管理制度深化改革,同济大学建设监理研究所受建设部委托对美国、英国、德国、法国、日本、新加坡及我国香港特别行政区的建筑业管理制度进行了系统地研究分析,通过研究发现工业发达国家建筑业管理制度的核心是其体制、法制和机制。尽管各国的建筑业管理... 相似文献
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在临近世纪之交的今天,许多国家正在研究建筑业的发展战略,在思考行业发展的革命。建筑业是我国国民经济中一个非常重要的物质生产部门,它是国民经济的支柱产业。自1978年以来,我国建筑业实行了多项改革,制定了一系列新的法规和政策,推动了行业的发展,但是,如何借鉴国际建筑业管理的成熟经验,深化我国建筑业管理改革,使之逐渐与国际惯例接轨,适应当代国际建筑市场一体化发展的要求,已成当务之急。通过对美国、英国、德国、法国、日本、新加坡及我国香港特别行政区建筑业管理制度深入、系统地研究分析,发现这些工业发达国家和地… 相似文献
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产业集中度是指特定产业的生产经营集中程度,它是反映行业和市场结构的重要指标。论文运用行业集中率方法(CRn)测算了中国建筑业2000—2005年度的产业集中度,并与国内其它行业集中度进行了对比分析;运用洛伦茨曲线将中国的建筑业产业集中度与国外发达国家建筑业产业集中度进行了比较研究。研究结果表明中国建筑业产业集中度近年来虽有所发展,但与国内其它行业及发达国家同行业相比仍存在较大差距。论文最后从法律法规体系、市场秩序、产业和企业结构以及行业壁垒等方面,探讨了提高中国建筑业产业集中度的有关问题。 相似文献
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在世纪之交的今天,越来越多国家正在研究建筑业宏观发展战略,在思考行业发展的革命。处于社会主义市场经济环境下的中国建筑业,研究如何借鉴工业发达国家建筑业管理的成功经验,深化我国建筑业管理改革,使之逐渐与国际惯例接轨,以很好适应当代国际建筑市场一体化发展要求,已成当务之急。本论文通过对英国、德国、美国等发达国家建筑业管理法规体系的研究,分析其特点和共性,并对我国建筑业管理法规体系的发展提出了思考和建议。1 英国建筑业法规体系11 英国建筑业法规体系三个层次英国建筑业法规体系分为三个层次,如图一所示。111 第一层次… 相似文献
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本文简要对比了美国、德国、英国、日本及中国的建筑业安全生产情况,总结和归纳各国安全生产政府管制做法,从责任体系、政策制定、执法检查、行业基础、多元化管理五个方面对比分析上述国家和我国的异同,针对当前我国建筑业安全生产存在的深层次问题,探讨建筑安全生产管制手段。 相似文献
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建筑业作为我国国民经济发展中一个举足轻重的物质生产部门 ,一直是国民经济发展的支柱产业之一。对于社会主义市场经济环境下的中国建筑业 ,研究如何借鉴工业发达国家建筑业管理的成功经验 ,深化我国建筑业管理改革 ,使之逐渐与国际惯例接轨 ,以很好适应当代国际建筑市场一体化发展要求 ,已成当务之急。本文通过对英国、德国、美国等发达国家建筑业管理法规体系的研究 ,分析其特点和共性 ,并对我国建筑业管理法规体系的发展提出了思考和建议。一、英国建筑业法规体系1 .英国建筑业法规体系的三个层次英国建筑业法规体系分为三个层次 ,如图… 相似文献
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1前言
目前,在欧、美、日等发达国家和地区干粉砂浆技术得到广泛应用,已基本取代了传统技术.欧洲最大干粉砂浆生产企业-德国maxit公司在欧洲的年销量达500多万吨,年产10万吨以上的工厂有200余家.又如法国、意大利、澳大利亚、新西兰、美国、日本等发达国家,干粉砂浆已经成为建筑业不可缺少的材料. 相似文献
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《Planning》2014,(1)
近年来,中国、印度和中东地区的能源需求增长已经占全球能源需求增长的三分之一,特别是中国已经成为仅次于美国的第二大能源消费国。如何既保证经济可持续发展,又能够调整能源结构、减少二氧化碳排放、建设生态文明,电力工业将在其中扮演重要角色。美国、日本、德国、英国、法国等5个主要发达国家经过一系列电力工业改革和发展,取得了显著成效。现阶段,我国在电力工业发展虽然落后于这些国家,但这些发达国家发展电力工业的经验教训也将成就我国电力工业发展的后发优势。 相似文献
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2003年度国际市场最大225家承包商和200家设计公司市场分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了美国<工程新闻纪录>周刊所做的2003年度国际市场225家最大承包商和200家最大设计公司的排名情况,并对这一排名进行了分析和对比.2003年,种种的不确定因素开始明朗化,被压抑的需求开始释放,被推迟的项目逐渐解禁,整体经济形势的好转带动了建筑业的增长.2003年度的225强国际承包商和200强设计公司的营业额与去年相比都有较大的增长.中国承包商进入225强的有47家,设计公司进入200强的也达到了历史性的12家,营业额比去年也有了较大的增长,但相对于国际市场的快速增长,中国的份额仍有待提高.文章的最后分析了当前国际市场新趋势. 相似文献
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In this paper, we develop an endogenous growth and international trade model with two countries in which equilibrium wages in the two countries are different between two countries. First, when trade costs are high, the share of manufacturing firms in the large country increases with a decline in trade costs because of market size. However, the share of firms then decreases with a decline in trade costs when trade costs are low because of wage differences. Finally, all firms agglomerate in the small country, since production costs in the small country are low. In this process, the innovation sector shifts its location from the large‐market and high‐wage country to the small‐market and low‐wage country. 相似文献
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Low Sui Pheng Hongbin Jiang Christopher H.Y. Leong 《Construction Management & Economics》2013,31(7):717-731
While British contractors have one of the longest history and experience in the international construction market, Chinese contractors are relative newcomers where the global market is concerned. This study compares the performance of top British and Chinese contractors based on the OLI+S model, which incorporates the ownership (O), locational(L), internalization (I) and specialty (S) factors. The study suggests that the international involvement of top British contractors has declined from a peak in 1996, while that of the top Chinese contractors has grown steadily since the 1980s. All the OLI+S advantages of top British construction firms were higher than those of their Chinese counterparts even though the number of Chinese construction firms ranked in the top 225 international contractors by the US-based Engineering News Record was higher than that of the British firms. This study further recommends that the internalization and specialty advantages of top British firms and some of the ownership advantages of top Chinese firms may provide them with opportunities to work together in many areas. 相似文献
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《Building and Environment》2005,40(1):135-141
The recent advances in transport and communication coupled with the protocols of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have given access to markets that were previously insulated. The process that has come to be known as “globalisation” and is conceptualised as a situation where political borders become increasingly more irrelevant, economic interdependencies are heightened, and national differences are accentuated due to dissimilarities in societal cultures and central issues of business, is not new though. As railways and steamships lowered transport costs and Europe moved towards free trade during the late 19th Century, a dramatic convergence in commodity prices took place. Labour flows were considerably higher than usual, and millions of immigrants made their way from the old to the new world.These immigrants took with them their knowledge of construction that they employed in their new settlements, either as a hybrid with the local construction knowledge or supplanting the latter altogether. In this sense, the globalisation of construction had begun albeit unintentionally. Over the years, however, the construction industry has become well organised in similar ways to any other industry and WTO protocols have enabled firms to participate in cross-border markets unhindered. In principle, the unhindered access to international markets makes economic sense, but the reality is that only a few firms, particularly those based in advanced industrialised countries (AICs) can take full advantage of the open market. However, as globalisation is now an inescapable fact, firms based in both the newly industrialised countries (NICs) and least developed countries (LDCs) should adopt strategies that could enable them benefit from the open market.To enable comprehensive exploration of possible strategies that small firms in developing countries could adopt to benefit from the open construction market, this paper reviews the history of the globalisation of the construction industry and its current status. It concludes by pointing out the avenues that could be pursued by firms based in LCDs to benefit from the open construction market. 相似文献
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Driven by globalization and market openings, many architecture and engineering firms have become global. By focusing on the urban megaprojects in the Gulf, a particular cultural and political context, this paper argues that such firms have a major role in the rapid urban transformation of Gulf countries and act as transfer agents of an international knowledge in the urban planning domain. However, the transfer is adapted by several context-related char-acteristics, such as local governance, urban knowledge, and regulatory framework. This paper explores the procedural adaptation of these firms to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in terms of internal structure, methodology, adopted tools, and interaction with the context. The level of learning that results from this transfer is also investigated. 相似文献