涤/棉针织物的一浴练染效果探讨

为了分析涤/棉混纺织物一浴练染工艺的可行性,对一浴练染工艺的染色效果进行了探讨。结果表明:涤/棉混纺织物一浴练染工艺中,分散/活性染料二步染色法比分散/活性染料一步染色法更有利于染料的上染、得色量及提升性的提高,有利于色牢度和匀染性能的提高。一浴练染工艺中分散/活性染料二步法的染色K/S值、耐洗牢度、摩擦牢度均与涤/棉传统染色工艺相接近,提升性比传统工艺稍有差距;一浴练染工艺分散/活性染料二步染色法与传统染色工艺比较对色调没有影响;操作误差对一浴练染的重现性影响较小。     

PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色

本文通过研究聚乳酸纤维的染色工艺特点,探讨国内外涤/棉、PLA/棉混纺织物染色工艺技术进展,分析分散/活性染料一浴一步法染PLA/棉混纺织物存在的技术问题,提出了适合PLA/棉一浴一步法染色的染料及染色方法,并对一浴一步法染色的前景做了展望.     

等离子体技术在牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物染整中的应用

采用常压空气等离子体对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物进行表面处理,分析了等离子体处理对前处理和染色性能的影响。结果表明:等离子仪对织物处理的最佳工艺参数为:功率300W、时间1s;在最佳工艺参数条件下对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物进行低温等离子体处理后,前处理后毛效值可达13.4cm,比常规前处理工艺的毛效值8.5cm提高了近58%;但是白度、顶破强力值稍有下降;经等离子体前处理的牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物在染色前再次进行低温等离子体处理后,染色K/S值和上染百分率均有较大幅度提高,K/S值由5.56提高到6.27,上染百分率由66%提高到73.6%。     

大豆/PTT微胶囊分散染料/活性染料一浴一步法染色

探讨了纯碱和氯化钠用量、染料浓度对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN/活性染料(活性蓝KN-R、活性深蓝B-2GLN和活性蓝K-3RL)一浴法染色大豆/PTT混纺织物表观色深K/S值的影响,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响.结果表明:当染料总用量为2％(o.w.f.),纯碱用量1g/L,氯化钠用量20 g/L,95℃条件下保温30分钟时,可使大豆/PTT混纺织物获得较高的表观色深.     

竹/棉混纺织物活性染料染色使用代用碱固色的工艺探讨

通过代用碱TF-221和常规纯碱对活性染料浸染固色的对比实验,测定了碱剂在染色浴固着反应中pH值的动态变化值。通过染色K/S值、各项色牢度、上染速率的对比实验,讨论了代用碱TF-221在活性染料染色中代替纯碱作为固色剂的作用效果,并测定两种工艺染色后织物的强力变化,找到合适的固色工艺。实践证明:代用碱TF-221完全可以代替纯碱用于活性染料染色对竹/棉混纺织物染色时的固色,其固着浴pH值稳定范围符合活性染料的染色特征,可以获得与使用纯碱相当或高于的K/S值和染色牢度,且上色缓慢,起到匀染作用;染色后织物的强力无明显下降。     

涤/棉混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴染色工艺研究

本实验选择双一氯均三嗪结构的活性染料和耐碱型分散染料,探讨涤/棉(65/35)混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴染色工艺。通过单因素实验分析了染色温度、染色时间、无水硫酸钠浓度和碳酸钠浓度对织物染色效果的影响,得到优化的工艺。红色在硫酸钠60 g/L、碳酸钠2 g/L、温度120℃、时间30分钟工艺条件下染色;蓝色在硫酸钠浓度45 g/L、碳酸钠浓度2g/L、温度130℃、时间60分钟工艺条件下染色。     

仪纶/涤纶/棉混纺织物一浴法染色技术

超仿棉纤维与其它纤维混纺可提高织物的吸湿性能,但传统的分散/活性染料两浴法染色工艺复杂、能源消耗大、生产效率低。本文对盛发纺织印染有限公司设计的仪纶/涤纶/棉混纺织物(20/50/30)进行了一浴法染色技术研究。结果表明,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度、耐光色牢度为4级左右,混纺织物的回潮率为4.54%,静电压为733 V,半衰期为1.14 s,达到仿棉的效果并优于普通涤/棉混纺织物。     

阻燃涤纶纤维染色工艺研究

为探究阻燃涤纶纤维染色的最佳工艺,采用红外染色机对阻燃涤纶纤维进行染色,探讨了阻燃涤纶纤维的染色性能,研究染色温度、染色时间、染料与织物百分比(owf)和不同染料对阻燃纤维染色性能的影响,并与常规涤纶纤维染色深度(K/S)值进行对比.试验结果表明,生产染色K/S值为30的纤维时,染色温度130℃时纤维上染百分率最高,owf为2.0％、染色时间为50 min时为最具有经济效益的染色工艺.当染色温度为135℃,owf为5.0％时,纤维的染色深度最深.     

PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色工艺研究

在PLA/棉混纺织物的一浴一步法染色过程中,以上染率和洗涤沾色情况作为衡量染色效果的依据,筛选了适合PLA/棉混纺织物一浴一步法染色的三原色染料,并分别研究了分散染料和活性染料的提升性。     

毛／丝混纺同浴染色的研究

本文分析了毛／丝混纺织物同浴染色差的原因，并通过实验探讨了染浴温度、时间、ＰＨ值及中性电解质对其的影响。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.