转子弯扭耦合振动共振特征分析

转子存在偏心距时,弯曲振动和扭转振动之间会相互作用产生弯扭耦合振动。目前对弯扭耦合振动的研究主要集中于其非线性特征,针对共振振幅大小和共振影响因素等共振特征的研究却比较少见。在实际的结构设计工作中,有时要利用耦合共振获取更大的振幅和振动能量。所以有必要从共振特征入手,对转子的弯扭耦合振动开展进一步的研究。首先建立偏心转子的弯扭耦合振动模型,使用小参数法对振动方程求解。其次分析扭转振动、弯扭振动产生耦合共振的条件,详细比较各振型共振振幅的大小和各参数对共振振幅的影响。然后以具体的算例,对各参数对弯扭耦合共振振幅大小的影响进行数值模拟,计算各阶共振振幅的大小,给出具有最大共振振幅时的参数条件,验证理论分析,为弯扭耦合振动的研究工作提供思路和依据。     

裂纹转子的弯扭耦合振动分析

以水平Jeffcott裂纹转子为研究对象,建立了弯扭耦合振动的运动方程,分析其动态特性。数值分析表明：使用三种不同的模型,裂纹转子弯曲振动响应中均出现1X、2X、3X…分量;并发生了数次共振现象,考虑变扭耦合振动后,转子弯曲振动响应中出现一些新的频率成分。U值的变化影响裂纹转子的中心轨迹形状,并且随着U的增大,裂纹转子的轴心轨迹变得不稳定。β的变化主要影响1X分量的大小,对别的分量影响不大,并且随着β从0到π增大时,1X分量越来越小。     

裂纹转子弯扭耦合振动非线性特性分析

以非线性涡动影响下的水平Jeffcott裂纹转子为研究对象,分别建立了刚性支承的纯弯曲振动、弯扭耦合振动和轴承支承的弯扭耦合振动三种运动微分方程,针对三种模型,分析了裂纹转子系统响应的分叉与混沌特性。数值计算结果表明： 较大时,三种模型下的弯振分叉图均呈现出复杂的非线性特性,尤其在 附近,各种周期、拟周期和混沌响应交替出现,阵发性特点非常明显,系统由拟周期路径通向混沌。模型1、2的弯振分叉图特性基本相似,模型3则具有更为复杂的非线性特性。模型2、3的扭振分叉图与各自的弯振分叉图极为相似,且非线性特性也基本相同。分析结果有助于更充分了解裂纹转子的动力学特性。     

负载激励下采煤机永磁电机转子系统弯扭耦合振动分析

为分析不同负载激励对电机转子-轴承系统弯扭耦合振动特性的影响,以采煤机永磁电机转子系统为例建立电磁激励下的电机转子-轴承系统,并将负载激励考虑到偏心转子模型中。利用Lagrange方程推导了负载激励条件下转子系统的弯扭耦合动力学方程并基于Runge-Kutta法进行数值仿真,重点分析了不同负载激励下电机转子系统的弯扭耦合振动特性。仿真结果表明,负载激励会加剧转子偏心程度,但对转子弯曲振动的频率响应影响较小,振动响应主要由转频分量决定;而负载扰动对转子系统扭转振动响应具有不同的效果,不仅在扭振响应中激发出相应的频率成分形成多周期运动,还会明显增加扭振角幅值(0.001 rad),振动响应主要由扰动频率和二倍转频分量决定。此外,负载激励中的低频成分将激发出较大的扭转振动响应(0.03 rad),加速传动系统的疲劳损坏,影响转子系统的安全稳定运行。研究结果可为采煤机转子系统主动减振策略研究提供参考。     

不对称转子系统的参激强迫振动

研究不对称转子系统的参激强迫振动,先用Hamilton原理导出运动微分方程,这是刚度系数周期性变化的参数激励和强迫激励振动方程,再用多尺度法研究1／2亚谐共振－主共振,求得平均方程,分叉响应方程和定常解,讨论了刚度不对称性,质量偏心以及外阻尼对幅频响应的影响,刚度不对称性,质量偏心都能增大不稳定区,而外阻尼能使共振振幅减小,最后用稳定性理论分析分叉响应方程和定常解的稳定性。     

Jeffcott转子碰摩的弯扭耦合振动特性分析

针对两端刚性支承的Jeffcott转子，采用库仑摩擦模型描述了碰摩力和力矩，建立了碰摩转子的非线性弯扭耦合振动微分方程。从扭振对碰摩特性的影响和扭振碰摩特征响应两个角度，进行了碰摩特性的数值分析。通过以转速比变化为参数的分岔图发现：弯振分岔图大致可分为四个复杂运动区，有无考虑扭振的分岔图都具有周期运动、拟周期运动和复杂的混沌运动形式，但它们进入和离开这些复杂运动区的路径和在复杂区内的运动形式却有所不同；而扭振分岔图与考虑弯扭耦合的弯振分岔图存在对应关系，它也可分为四个复杂运动区，也具有周期运动、拟周期运动和复杂的混沌运动等形式。文中揭示的振动特征为转子系统的状态识别与诊断提供了一条新思路。     

不平衡转子扭转振动特征的测试

采用ＤＫ－Ⅱ型扭振测量系统，进行了不同转速下不平衡转子的弯曲，扭转振动的联合测量，得到了存在不平衡的故障转子的扭振特征和变化规律，即当转动频率小于一阶扭振固有频率时，扭振幅值随转速的升高而增大；当转动频率大于一阶扭振固有频率时，扭振幅值随转速的高而减小；当通过扭振界转速时，扭振相位翻转１８０°。     

呼吸性裂纹转子的瞬态振动特性分析

旋转机械转子轴萌生裂纹后,瞬态加速过程中转涡差角时变使裂纹周期性开合,系统发生不同于稳态情况的振动。本文基于中性轴法确定裂纹开合,数值计算了呼吸裂纹引起刚度时变的转子过临界转速的瞬态振动,分析了裂纹大小、方向角和重力对线性加速转子瞬态振动的影响,以及定功率加速瞬态过程中系统振动响应及稳定性。结果发现,瞬态条件下带呼吸裂纹转子系统亚谐波共振并不明显;裂纹越大,过临界转速时瞬态振幅越大;在临界转速附近裂纹瞬时张开会激起很大的振动;定功率加速过程下,若功率不足够提供转子顺利穿过临界转速,则会出现外界扭矩与瞬态振动的能量耦合,大裂纹还可能造成瞬态振动发展成混沌。     

高速齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动研究

针对实际高速齿轮转子系统,建立了考虑齿轮啮合及扭转作用的弯扭耦合非线性振动模型,推导了不平衡转子弯扭耦合振动的动力学微分方程,通过数值仿真方法得到了工作转速下齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动的特征图形,得出齿轮啮合、扭转作用下的齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动的特征,研究了偏心距、齿轮啮合刚度等参数对系统振动响应的影响规律,为齿轮转子耦合系统的结构优化设计、诊断和安全经济运行提供一定的理论依据.     

瞬态载荷作用下氦透平转子的时域响应分析

采用有限元法研究瞬态冲击下转子动力特性的时域响应,研究核聚变装置在实验过程中产生的交流损耗给氦透平膨胀机带来的冲击问题。同时研究了轴承刚度、阻尼和轴承间距等因素对转子的振动位移以及自我调节能力的影响。研究结果表明：瞬态冲击造成转子轨迹紊乱,扩大轴心运动范围,转子的最大振幅与载荷呈线性关系;增大刚度可有效减小转子的最大振幅;增大轴承的刚度、阻尼和跨距有利于提高转子自我调节能力,使其快速回到稳定状态。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.