磷石膏部分分解制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的探究

利用磷石膏分解率高的特点,将预先煅烧后分别达到73.82％和80.15％分解率的磷石膏与矾土和石灰石进行配料烧制贝利特硫铝酸盐熟料,探讨部分分解磷石膏用于制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的可行性.理论计算结果表明,当磷石膏分解率达到80.15％,SO2可以达到有实用价值的收集浓度;试验结果表明,利用部分分解的磷石膏制备的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥早期水化放热量偏低,硬度也略微低于天然石膏制备的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的硬度,但对早期强度无明显的不利影响.可以认为,部分分解磷石膏可以用于制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥.     

磷石膏掺量及烧成制度对硫铝酸盐水泥熟料物理性能的影响

以磷石膏、石灰石、铝矾土为原料配制硫铝酸盐水泥熟料,研究了磷石膏掺量及烧成制度对硫铝酸盐水泥熟料性能的影响。结果表明:磷石膏可以取代天然石膏配置硫铝酸盐水泥熟料,磷石膏掺量在14.22%时,熟料物理性能最优。熟料烧成温度应控制在1320℃~1350℃范围内。     

用磷石膏烧成硫铝酸盐水泥的研究

讨论了在还原气氛下,用磷石膏烧成硫铝酸盐水泥的可行性。结果表明,在弱还原气氛下,可以烧成强度较高（３ｄ抗压强度６４.７ＭＰａ）、凝结时间正常的熟料（初凝时间３７ｍｉｎ）;在还原气氛较浓的情况下,含杂质较高的磷石膏大量分解,熟料偏离正常矿物组成,生成Ｃ１２Ａ７和还原性矿物ＣａＳ,急凝低强。     

磷石膏的综合利用

本文介绍了磷石膏的综合利用途径。文章对磷石膏:①转化制硫铵和碳酸钙;②制硫酸联产水泥;③生产硫铝酸盐早强水泥;④作水泥缓凝剂;⑤制取半水石膏;④用于改良土壤等问题进行了论述。笔者还提出了在磷铵或重钙装置建设中磷石膏的出路问题。     

磷石膏的综合利用

本文论述了磷石膏的综合利用途径。文章对磷石膏:①转化制硫铵和碳酸钙;②制硫酸联产水泥;③生产硫铝酸盐早强水泥;④作水泥缓凝剂;⑤制取半水石膏;⑥用于改良土壤等问题进行了论述。笔者还提出了在磷铵或重钙装置建设中磷石膏的出路问题。     

辅助凝胶材料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能影响研究

研究普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏及石灰掺入硫铝酸盐水泥中后对其凝结时间和强度的影响。研究表明:普通硅酸盐水泥掺量增大使得硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间缩短,强度下降;石灰和石膏的掺入对硫铝酸盐水泥水化有一定的促进作用,且适当的比例对硫铝酸盐水泥的后期强度无不利影响。普通硅酸盐水泥、石灰和石膏的混掺对硫铝酸盐水泥的影响大小则与其掺量的多少有关。     

掺硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的富硅酸盐水泥体系的性能研究

研究了硫铝酸盐水泥熟料对复合硅酸盐水泥性能的影响。研究表明,当复合水泥中掺入少量硫铝酸盐水泥熟料后,再配以适量的石膏,可以提高其早期强度,且随着硫铝酸盐水泥熟料掺量的增加,其凝结时间明显缩短。运用XRD等测试方法探讨了硫铝酸盐水泥熟料改善复合水泥性能的机理。硫铝酸盐水泥熟料水化形成的钙矾石和铝胶,对硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物水化有促进作用,这是水泥凝结加快、强度增加的主要原因。     

石膏品种对硅酸盐--硫铝酸盐复合体系水泥性能的影响

在试验研究不同石膏品种对硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合体系水泥凝结时间、标准稠度需水量、强度等性能影响的基础上,探讨了石膏品种对硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合体系水泥性能的影响机理。结果表明：二水石膏对该种复合体系水泥的缓凝作用比硬石膏明显,硬石膏易引起复合体系水泥急凝和需水量增大。石膏品种对硅酸盐一硫铝酸盐复合体系水泥强度的影响较复杂,与水泥体系中含铝矿物及其水化溶液中SO4^2-离子浓度有关;在蒸馏水和饱和石灰水中,二水石膏的溶解速度比硬石膏快,溶解度比硬石膏低。推导证实,石膏的溶解速度和溶解度是决定硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合体系水泥性能的主要因素。     

石膏对改性硅酸盐水泥性能的影响

将磷铝酸盐水泥熟料掺入硅酸盐水泥中改性后,运用XRD和SEM等测试技术,研究了石膏对改性硅酸盐水泥性能的影响.结果表明,石膏的掺入可以改善改性硅酸盐水泥的力学性能和抗冻性;在石膏掺量为3.5%时,改性硅酸盐水泥水化速度最快,硬化浆体的结构最致密,强度最高,抗冻性最好.     

用工业废料生产以硫铝酸钙和硫硅酸钙为主要矿物相的特种水泥

硫铝酸钙水化生成钙矾石,已被试验充分证实。钙矾石是膨胀、抗水缩、快硬、早强和节能水泥的一种主要矿物组份。但对硫硅酸钙的水化及物理力学性能的了解却甚少,许多研究者观察了它在水泥中的存在,在石膏杂质或矿化剂存在时,硫硅酸钙在普通硅酸盐水泥熟料中仅作为一种微量的矿物相,而在硫铝酸盐水泥熟料中其含量较高。     

高海拔地区水泥生料悬浮炉分解特性研究

高海拔地区低压低氧的大气条件影响水泥生料在分解炉内的分解过程,探究水泥生料在该条件下的分解特性具有重要意义。通过构建模拟高海拔地区的低压悬浮炉实验系统,研究了压力、温度以及O₂浓度对高海拔条件下水泥生料分解特性的影响。研究结果表明：低压条件下水泥生料的分解符合随机成核和随后生长模型;随着反应压力的逐渐降低,水泥生料的分解速率逐渐增大,反应产物的比表面积以及比孔体积逐渐增大;但低压条件会加剧燃料的不完全燃烧,降低水泥生料的分解率;燃料以及水泥生料的反应速率均会随着反应温度的上升而逐渐增大,但水泥生料的分解率会先升高再降低;燃料的燃尽率以及反应速率随着O₂浓度的增加而增大,进而提高反应物的反应速率。     

硅钙基固废原料配比及蒸养条件对硅酸钙板力学性能的影响

研究协同利用硅钙渣、粉煤灰、水泥和脱硫石膏制备硅酸钙板时,原料配比、蒸养条件对硅酸钙板力学性能、水化产物的影响,并利用XRD、IR和SEM表征了原料的协同水化历程和水化产物的微观结构和表面形貌.试验结果表明:最佳原料配比为硅钙渣60%、粉煤灰24%、水泥10%和脱硫石膏6%;最佳蒸压养护条件为蒸养温度180℃,恒温蒸养时间8 h,硅酸钙板抗折强度满足国家标准强度的D1.3的Ⅱ级要求;随着蒸养温度升高,原料水化依次生成C-S-H凝胶、托贝莫来石和针状硬硅钙石,大量托贝莫来石和硬硅钙石的生成使得硅酸钙板的强度得以提升.     

Quality design of belite–melilite clinker

We have developed a new cement clinker, consisting mainly of belite and melilite, which is capable of increasing the amount of recycled waste as a part of its raw materials. We analyzed clinkers with a wide range of compositions, and clarified the quantitative relationship between the chemical and mineral compositions. Clinkers consisting mostly of belite and melilite were successfully obtained at the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio of 1.7 to 1.9. Test cements were prepared using these clinkers and mixed with OPC for the evaluation of fluidity and strength. The belite–melilite cement was found to have good fluidity, and the belite–melilite cement mixed with OPC at up to 30% exhibited a satisfactory long term strength equivalent to the OPC, demonstrating the potential as an alternative to OPC. Electron probe microanalysis revealed the relatively high concentration of diphosphorus pentaoxide in belite, suggesting this component might contribute to the strength enhancement of the cement.     

实时优化技术在分解炉出口温度控制中的研究与应用

分解炉出口温度是水泥生产中重要的工艺参数之一，直接代表生料分解效果，即入窑生料分解率。分解炉出口温度的高低，代表着入窑分解率的高低。分解率低则窑系统热负荷增加，严重者导致窜生；分解率高则液相提前出现，致使分解炉、旋风筒内容易结皮黏挂，严重者造成系统堵塞。合理控制分解炉出口温度是工艺生产的关键。根据当前实时工况，采用实时优化技术来推荐分解炉出口温度最佳设定值，满足水泥生产的工艺要求，具有重要的意义。     

Alternative blended cement with ceramic residues: Corrosion resistance investigation on reinforced mortar

Blended cements are largely used for concrete: they are usually considered cements with a low environmental impact, as they require less clinker than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Different constituents can be used as supplementary clinker component usually leading to cement with high resistance to outdoor environment. Polishing residue (PR), coming from porcelain stoneware tiles production, can be successfully used as new constituent for blended cement, however its action for enhancing the durability of cement matrix must be assessed. With this purpose, electrochemical tests (half cell potential, impressed voltage and linear polarization techniques) have been carried out on steel reinforced mortar samples, prepared using a 25% PR based cement and 100% OPC as binder and exposed to a 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance results and microstructure analysis highlight better durability performances for PR based cement than those exhibited by OPC, mainly for curing time > 28 days.     

碳中和目标下海螺水泥减排二氧化碳的实践

水泥行业是二氧化碳排放大户,其排放主要来自碳酸盐的分解、燃料的燃烧和电力消耗。在生产工艺碳减排(如替代原料、熟料替代技术等)、生产能耗碳减排(如替代燃料、富氧燃烧技术、高效粉磨、余热发电等)、新技术碳减排(如水泥窑二氧化碳捕集利用)及新能源技术等方面加强技术研发力度和推广力度,可实现水泥行业绿色转型发展,为达到碳中和目标作贡献。     

利用城市垃圾焚烧飞灰煅烧水泥熟料初探

针对垃圾焚烧飞灰化学组成上的特点,进行了利用垃圾焚烧飞灰烧制水泥熟料的探索研究,通过试验研究了其对水泥生料的易烧性、烧制的水泥熟料的力学性能和水化速率等的影响规律。研究结果表明,垃圾焚烧飞灰可以用作水泥原料从而有效地降低其处置成本,减少其对环境造成的二次污染,硬化水泥浆体水化28d时各重金属浸出量低于鉴别标准规定的指标,是一种有待开发的潜在的水泥原料资源。     

Dolomite used as raw material to produce MgO-based expansive agent

In this paper, the manufacture of MgO-based expansive agent using dolomite as raw material was studied. The decomposition of dolomite was discussed at first by DTA-TG analysis and on the crystalline view. On the characteristics of decomposition of dolomite, the authors think it is possible to use dolomite as raw material, but the silica-bearing mineral is considered to combine the CaO released from dolomite to form silicate. The phases of MgO-based expansive agent are mainly MgO, C₂S and a little amount of CaO. The expansion of resulting expansive agents by autoclaving testing and hot water curing at 80 °C shows that the MgO-based expansive agents have desired expansion. If the burning temperature and burning time, dosage in cement are controlled according to the requirement of concrete construction, the MgO-based expansive agent can be used to compensate the shrinkage as designed.     

水玻璃激发下HBSS-PG-AC复合胶凝材料水化性能分析

以磷石膏(PG)、热焖钢渣(HBSS)、硅酸盐水泥和铝酸盐水泥(AC)为主原料,水玻璃为碱激发剂制备复合胶凝材料。在养护龄期0~28 d内,测试了该材料的抗压强度与膨胀率,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积及孔隙率(BET)测试,分析了磷石膏、热焖钢渣和铝酸盐水泥间的水化协同机理。结果表明,过0.300 mm筛孔的钢渣微粉同时具备良好的骨架填充作用和水化胶凝性能。水化过程中水玻璃可提高钢渣表面玻璃体网络结构的溶解速率,促使钢渣与铝酸盐水泥生成C-A-S-H。同时,铝酸盐水泥与磷石膏反应生成的钙矾石可抑制C-A-H水化过程中的相变收缩。此外,若铝酸盐水泥比例过高,大量钙矾石和C-A-H会迅速生成并覆盖于钢渣表面,阻碍Na₂SiO₃促进钢渣玻璃网络结构的溶解。本文可为磷石膏和钢渣协同资源化利用提供理论依据。     

The application of Raman spectrometry to the investigation of cement: Part II: A micro-Raman study of OPC, slag and fly ash

Various attempts to use Raman spectrometry to analyse the mineral phases in hydrated and unhydrated cement have been made and results were published on pure synthesized mineral phases as early as 1976. Limited investigations were reported in the past three decades on pure mineral cement phases, white cement and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) analysed with visible (VIS) excitation at 514.5 and 632 nm (mainly with normal Raman spectrometry) and near-infrared (NIR) excitation at 1064 nm (mainly Fourier Transform Raman Spectrometry — FT-Raman). Results were distinctly different for VIS and NIR lasers. Newman and co-workers assigned these differences to a fluorescence phenomenon. Previous work on the characterization of secondary cement materials (SCMs) by means of Raman spectrometry is even more limited. This work focused on the characterization of OPC, fly ash and slag, using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), VIS and NIR excitation in micro-Raman spectrometry and the results obtained for OPC and fly ash will be compared with previously published results.