粉煤灰和自然冷却黄磷炉渣协同制备微晶玻璃

以粉煤灰和自然冷黄磷炉渣为研究对象,采用熔融法制备CaO-Al2 O3-SiO2 (CAS)系微晶玻璃.利用Kissinger方程和Augis-Bennett方程计算了粉煤灰-自然冷却黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃玻璃析晶活化能(E)和晶化指数(n).借助差热分析(DTA),X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了晶核剂TiO2,CaF2,P2O5(由KH2 PO4引入)对粉煤灰-自然冷却黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响.结果表明:利用粉煤灰和自然冷却黄磷炉渣并添加一定量的辅料可以制备CAS系微晶玻璃.当分别添加2wt％的TiO2,CaF2,P2 O5时,主晶相不发生改变,均为硅灰石(CaSiO3),但添加2wt％ TiO2或2wt％ CaF2具有降低析晶活化能、促进析晶的作用,而添加2wt％P2O5具有增加析晶活化能、抑制析晶的作用.     

ZnO对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶影响

以黄磷炉渣为主要原料,通过添加不同比例ZnO,采用熔融法制备了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.借助Kissinger方程分析黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶能力,借助化学热力学软件FactSage 6.4模拟计算黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶相类型,借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行验证.结果表明:随着ZnO添加量的增加,黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶峰温度Tp和析晶活化能E逐渐减小;当ZnO添加量为7wt％时,黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶活化能E最小,析晶能力最强;随着ZnO的加入量的增大,黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶相类型并不发生改变,主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3),次晶相为铝透辉石(Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6),这与FactSage 6.4模拟计算结果一致.     

电石渣在不同气氛下析晶动力学研究

以电石渣为研究对象,通过热分析对不同气氛下的电石渣热分解过程进行了研究,并对电石渣热分解产生的产物采用熔融法制备CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.通过差热分析并利用修正后的Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程和Augis-Bennett方程,分析了不同气氛下电石渣制备微晶玻璃过程中的析晶规律.结果表明:不同气氛下对电石渣的失重率有所不同,在氮气气氛下,电石渣总失重率为22.66％:而在空气气氛下电石渣的总失重率为24.54％.并对以电石渣为原料制备微晶玻璃过程中不同气氛下的析晶行为进行了探讨,在氮气气氛下的析晶活化能310.99kJ/mol低于在空气气氛下的析晶活化能353.43 kJ/mol,根据Augis-Bennett方程对不同气氛下的晶化机制进行研究,发现氮气气氛下其晶化机制以三维体积晶化方式进行,而在空气气氛下则以二维晶化方式进行.     

水淬磷渣不同气氛下的析晶动力学研究

以水淬磷渣为研究对象,采用熔融法制备CaO-Al_2O-3-SiO_2系玻璃,借助DTA分析了不同气氛下水淬磷渣的析晶规律。利用修正后的Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程初步计算微晶玻璃样品的析晶活化能E及Augis-Bennett方程计算晶体生长指数n。结果表明:在空气气氛下,水淬磷渣较氮气气氛下更容易析晶。空气和氮气气氛下的析晶活化能E分别为404.2017和352.5884k J·mol~(-1);空气和N_2气氛下水淬渣的晶体生长指数n分别4.27和4.58;两种不同气氛下晶体的晶化机制均为三维体积晶化。     

MgO对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶影响

以黄磷炉渣为基础原料,通过加入辅料和MgO,以熔融法制备CaO-Al2 O3-SiO2(CAS)系微晶玻璃;通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法分析MgO对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响.结果显示:随着加入MgO的量的增加,基础玻璃的核化温度和晶化温度下降,析晶活化能E减小;黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃的晶相类型并未因MgO添加量的增多而改变,其主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3),次晶相为铝透辉石(Ca(MgAl)(SiAl)2O6);但随着MgO添加量的增多,抑制了硅灰石(CaSiO3)晶相的生成,促进铝透辉石(Ca(MgAl)(SiAl)2O6)生成.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃表面析晶研究

采用差热分析(DTA),X衍射分析(XRD),扫描电镜分析(SEM)等测试手段,研究了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的析晶热力学,计算出了该组分微晶玻璃表面析晶的析晶活化能E,并确定了最佳热处理制度.其主晶相为β-硅灰石晶体,晶体呈针状,晶体从颗粒表面向内部生长.随着玻璃颗粒粒径的减小,玻璃中的晶体的数目增大,晶体的体积变小.     

CaF2含量对熔融态高炉渣微晶玻璃析晶及性能的影响

利用液态高炉渣为主要原料,采用熔融法制备了微晶玻璃.借助DSC、XRD、SEM等分析测试方法研究了CaF2含量对高炉渣微晶玻璃析晶及性能的影响.试验结果表明,CaF2能够有效降低微晶玻璃的形核析晶温度,促进微晶玻璃析晶.微晶玻璃中晶体含量随着CaF2含量的增加而增加.当CaF2含量小于4％时,微晶玻璃的晶相为透辉石、普通辉石和钙镁黄长石;当CaF2含量大于4％时,析出了新晶相枪晶石.最终确定CaF2的最佳添加量为6％,此时微晶玻璃结晶度高,平均晶粒粒度100 nm,体积密度2.81 g/cm3,吸水率0.04％,耐酸腐蚀性98.92％,耐碱腐蚀性99.98％,抗弯强度173.41MPa.     

TiO2含量对高炉渣微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

利用高炉渣并添加辅料制备了基础玻璃,对基础玻璃进行热处理制备出以钙长石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.运用DSC、XRD、SEM等测试方法,综合分析TiO2含量对高炉渣微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响.结果表明:随着TiO2含量从1.29wt％增加至5.29wt％,微晶玻璃析晶温度逐渐降低,微晶玻璃主晶相均为钙长石、次晶相均为透辉石,微晶玻璃的体积密度、显微硬度及抗折强度呈现上升趋势.当TiO2含量为5.29wt％时,样品机械性能最好,体积密度为2.738 g·cm-3,抗折强度为79.8 MPa,显微硬度为930.2 HV.     

Na2O-CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-ZnO微晶玻璃制备及晶化行为的研究

本文设计了Na2O-CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-ZnO体系,采用熔融法制备了以磷渣为主要原料的微晶玻璃,磷渣在微晶玻璃中的使用率达到67～75%,并利用XRD,SEM等确定了玻璃的最佳热处理制度,研究了Na2O对微晶玻璃析晶及特征的影响.结果发现经过 750 ℃核化4 h,850 ℃晶化2 h,得到主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3)和菱硅钙钠石(Na2Ca2Si3O9)的微晶玻璃.玻璃中表面析晶和整体析晶同时存在,其中Na2O可促进整体析晶和菱硅钙钠石的析出.     

TiO2加入量对高炉渣微晶玻璃析晶的影响

以高炉渣微晶玻璃为研究对象,改变配料中晶核剂TiO2的含量,制得微晶玻璃样品. 以不同的升温速率对样品进行差热分析,根据升温速率和差热分析曲线上的晶化峰温度,采用3种不同的方法计算微晶玻璃样品的析晶活化能. 结果表明,随着TiO2含量的增加,析晶活化能呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,在TiO2的加入量为3.1%时,微晶玻璃的析晶活化能最低,此时拟合出的3种析晶活化能最小值分别为135.7, 143.9, 151.7 kJ/mol. 样品的红外谱图表明,TiO2的含量为3%~4%时析出晶体较多. TiO2含量为3%和4%的样品的X射线衍射图谱表明,样品中析出了以透辉石为主晶相、金红石为次晶相的晶体.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。