变态混凝土施工中浆液的渗透机理

首先分析了变态混凝土混合物(MC)的特性,认为碾压混凝土拌合物(RCC)可视作各向同性、孔隙分布均匀的多孔介质,MC浆液可视为幂律型流体.通过仿真发现在重力作用下,MC浆液在RCC中的渗透近似柱形扩散.因此基于柱形扩散理论,假设浆液渗透流动为层流,建立了变态混凝土施工中的注浆模型.运用渗流力学基本定律,推导出浆液扩散半径与注浆压力、渗透系数、稠度系数、流变指数、注浆管半径、注浆时间和孔隙率之间的关系.通过因子分析,研究了各参数对浆液扩散半径的影响,结果表明:注浆压力、流变指数对扩散半径的影响最大,渗透系数的影响次之,稠度系数和孔隙率的影响相对较小.本研究为多管插入式压力注浆施工方法提供了理论依据.     

盾构隧道同步注浆浆液压力时空分布规律

盾构隧道施工过程中同步注浆浆液压力变化对邻近管片结构内力分布有较大影响,为实现对注浆压力的精细化控制,保证盾构安全掘进,研究浆液压力的时空分布规律.在考虑浆液粘度和地层渗透系数时变性的基础上,统一了同步注浆过程中浆液填充、扩散与消散过程,得到了浆液压力沿管片环向与纵向分布的理论计算式.依托工程实例及浆液流变试验结果,建立数值模型,得到了浆液压力沿管片三维时空分布规律.研究表明:同步注浆过程中浆液固结及注浆压力的衰减对浆液压力分布影响较大.浆液粘度增大,浆液流动性与地层渗透系数逐渐减小,使浆液压力沿管片扩散及消散幅度减小,进而影响管片内力分布.考虑了浆液压力时空变化特性的计算模型使管片受力特征与现场实测结果更加接近.研究成果为精细化分析施工阶段管片受力提供了计算依据.     

考虑水泥-水玻璃双液浆黏度时空效应的隧道预注浆研究

水泥-水玻璃双液浆作为典型的速凝型浆液开始在隧道超前注浆施工中得到广泛应用,但目前对于双液浆渗透扩散机理的研究较少,注浆压力、浆液扩散半径以及注浆量等关键施工参数的确定多以经验为主.本文考虑水泥-水玻璃双液浆为黏度时变性的宾汉姆流体,基于双液浆的流变方程,同时考虑双液浆的黏度时效性和黏度空间效应,推导得到了表征双液浆黏度增长时间T_u与浆液扩散半径l之间关系的表达式.根据此关系式并结合平衡方程和均匀毛管组理论,推导得到了考虑双液浆黏度时空效应的柱形渗透注浆浆液扩散半径l和浆液压力P的理论计算公式,并分析了公式中相关参数的确定方法与公式的适用范围.     

矿用水泥基注浆材料的发展及展望

水泥注浆材料是注浆技术的关键环节,由于结石体强度高、价格低廉、材料来源丰富且无毒,在煤炭行业巷道围岩加固、软岩矿井、矿山充填、堵水防渗及防突水工程等领域发挥关键作用.采用一定工艺技术或掺入合适外加剂,是改善水泥浆液性能、提高结石体力学特性并获得高性能、多功能和绿色环保注浆材料的有效途径.本文提出了矿用注浆材料体系框架,包括注浆理论、注浆材料、注浆设备、注浆工艺及工程应用;综述了近年来矿用水泥基注浆材料的研究成果,包括超细水泥基注浆材料、粉煤灰-水泥注浆材料、水泥-水玻璃注浆材料和其他类水泥基注浆材料,如聚氨酯-水泥、氧化石墨烯-水泥、纳米材料-水泥、活化煤矸石/矿渣-水泥、纤维-水泥基材料,归纳了不同矿用水泥基浆液的优点、缺点及工程应用条件;介绍了矿用水泥基注浆材料在煤矿围岩加固、矿山充填、堵水防渗及钻孔封堵领域的工程应用,并展望了矿用水泥基注浆材料的发展趋势,为我国煤矿注浆材料的研发指明方向.     

黏度时变双液浆盾构壁后注浆过程数值模拟研究

在盾构壁后双液浆注浆施工过程中,因双液浆具有显著的黏度时变特性,导致盾尾间隙难以被填充完全。为深入探讨双液浆黏度时变性和施工参数对浆液填充扩散情况的影响,根据下沙隧道工程注浆工艺及参数,基于有限元软件 ＣＯＭＳＯＬ创建了盾尾壁后注浆局部模型。通过控制变量,分析了浆液黏度时变性、入口注浆压力和注浆孔位置对注浆扩散形态的影响,并给出了不同条件下浆液速度场和压力场的演化规律。试验结果表明：浆液填充速度与浆液黏度呈负相关关系,考虑浆液黏度时变性后,浆液后期填充速度显著减慢,浆液填充整体表现出先快后慢的发展趋势;浆液填充速度与入口注浆压力呈正相关关系;不同位置注浆孔的局部注浆形态存在较大的差异,这主要是受浆液自身重力的影响所致。     

侧压力注浆沉井在桥梁工程中的应用

侧压力注浆沉井是指沉井施工到位后,在压力作用下将能固化的浆液通过沉井身预埋注浆装置或钻孔预埋管道,压入强行沉井侧土层中,充填沉井身混凝土与沉井周土体的间隙,同时与沉井侧土层发生物理化学反应,提高沉井侧土的强度和刚度.运用工程实例阐述侧压力注浆沉井的基本原理、施工要点.为侧压力注浆沉井的推广与应用提供借鉴.     

红泥坡铜矿全尾砂/废石充填料浆流变性及充填体强度实验研究

为探明废石掺量、灰砂比、料浆质量分数对红泥坡铜矿充填料浆流变特性、充填体单轴抗压强度的影响规律,开展了不同配比的充填料浆流变与充填体单轴抗压强度实验,得到了充填料浆流变参数及充填体单轴抗压强度值,在此基础上构建了红泥坡铜矿全尾砂-废石复合充填料浆流变模型,并对充填体强度值进行了拟合、预测与分析,结果表明:废石的添加会降低料浆的剪切应力与表观黏度,水泥掺量与料浆质量分数的提高会增加料浆的剪切应力与表观黏度;随着废石掺量的增加,充填料浆"临界质量分数"逐渐增大;两因素交互下,灰砂比与养护龄期的交互作用对充填体强度影响较为显著;灰砂比对充填体强度影响最显著,灰砂比由1:8提升至1:4时,充填体强度增幅最高可达380％.研究结果可为红泥坡铜矿现场充填提供一定的理论支撑.     

红泥坡铜矿全尾砂/废石充填料浆流变性及充填体强度实验研究

为探明废石掺量、灰砂比、料浆质量分数对红泥坡铜矿充填料浆流变特性、充填体单轴抗压强度的影响规律,开展了不同配比的充填料浆流变与充填体单轴抗压强度实验,得到了充填料浆流变参数及充填体单轴抗压强度值,在此基础上构建了红泥坡铜矿全尾砂-废石复合充填料浆流变模型,并对充填体强度值进行了拟合、预测与分析,结果表明:废石的添加会降低料浆的剪切应力与表观黏度,水泥掺量与料浆质量分数的提高会增加料浆的剪切应力与表观黏度;随着废石掺量的增加,充填料浆"临界质量分数"逐渐增大;两因素交互下,灰砂比与养护龄期的交互作用对充填体强度影响较为显著;灰砂比对充填体强度影响最显著,灰砂比由1:8提升至1:4时,充填体强度增幅最高可达380％.研究结果可为红泥坡铜矿现场充填提供一定的理论支撑.     

聚合物-水泥基注浆材料早期流变及水化特性

为制备满足复杂地层加固工程需求的高性能水泥基注浆材料,探究以偏铝酸钠(SA)、聚羧酸(Sp)及高吸水性树脂(SAP)为组分的聚合物体系及其掺量对新拌水泥浆体流变特性与泌水率的影响,并采用水化放热监测与倒置荧光显微技术,对不同体系下水泥浆体早期水化进程及微米级颗粒的悬浮分散形态进行分析.结果表明:新拌水泥浆液流动性和泌水率与SA、SAP掺量呈负相关,随Sp掺量增加而提高. Sp及SAP延缓了水泥早期水化进程,改性样延迟近1 h进入水化诱导期,诱导期内水化放热速率显著降低.在不同掺量SA的促凝效应、Sp的分散效应以及SAP的"水库"作用下,新拌水泥浆液表现为初始及经时流动度大于200 mm的高流态期可分别被控制在10、20、30 min内且析水率小于5%(稳定性浆液),接近临界期时流动度陡降、流变参数突增并迅速凝结的流变特性.结合微观结构观测结果,建立了新拌水泥浆体流变演化模型,揭示多聚合物协调效应下水泥浆体呈现分散-储水-流变-水化的早期流变机制.     

不同注浆工况对砂土-混凝土接触面剪切特性影响

为研究后注浆对土与结构物接触面力学特性的影响,采用自主研发的注浆装置和可注浆的大型直剪仪,通过3种注浆压力、3种注浆量和4种荷载工况下的共计22组后注浆砂土-混凝土接触面大型直剪试验,分析不同注浆工况和荷载工况对砂土-混凝土接触面剪切力学特性、剪胀(缩)性以及强度参数等的影响.结果表明:在注浆压力和法向应力一定的情况下,接触面峰值剪切应力随着注浆量的增大而增大,但随着法向应力的增大,增加注浆量对接触面力学特性的改善效果逐渐减弱;在注浆量和法向应力一定的情况下,注浆压力较低时,接触面峰值剪切应力变化不大,当注浆压力达到一定值,其对接触面峰值剪切应力提高效果较为明显;不同注浆和荷载工况下接触面抗剪强度增强系数介于1.1～2.0;浆液主要通过提高接触面等效黏聚力改善接触面力学特性,等效内摩擦角近似与未注浆接触面一致;接触面在未注浆工况下均发生剪缩,且最大剪缩量随着法向应力的增大而增大;后注浆能够转变较低法向应力下的接触面剪胀(缩)性;同一法向应力下,接触面最大剪胀量均随着注浆压力和注浆量的增大而增大,而最大剪缩量则随着注浆压力和注浆量的增大而减小.     

Analytical investigation for stress measurement with the rheological stress recovery method in deep soft rock

Due to the difficulty and weakness of current stress measurement methods in deep soft rock, a new rheological stress recovery method of the determination of the three-dimensional(3D) stress tensor is proposed. It is supposed that rock stresses will recovery gradually with time and can be measured by embedding transducers into the borehole. In order to explore the applicability and accuracy of this method, analytical solutions are developed for stress measurement with the rheological stress recovery method in a viscoelastic surrounding rock, the rheological properties of which are depicted as both the Burger's model and a 3-parameter solid model. In such conditions, explicit analytical expressions for predicting time-dependent pressures on the transducer are derived. A parametric analysis is then adopted to investigate the influences of the grout solidification time and the mechanical properties of the grout layer. The results indicate that this method is suitable for stress measurement in deep soft rock, the characteristics of which are soft, fractured and subjected to high geo-stress.     

Experimental Study on Viscosity Characteristics of Expanding Polymer Grout

The viscosity evolution for different temperatures was studied experimentally.A time-varying viscosity model was derived and the influence of the initial temperature on gel time was analyzed.The experimental results show that the viscosity of polymer grout increases exponentially with time.It can be divided into two phases.Before gelation,the viscosity variable quantity is very small.At the gel point,there is a sudden increase in viscosity.The initial viscosity and gel time decrease with the increasing initial temperature within a certain range,The study contributes to deepening understanding of the rheological properties of polymer grout,which can provide some references for polymer grouting construction.     

Chemical grout diffusion in porous rock based on response of geoelectric field

Porous rock chemical grouting simulation test was conducted using established large scale physical model. Chemical grout diffusing rule in porous media with different permeability was studied by monitoring the spontaneous potential and exciting current response during grouting. The results show that chemical grout spread evenly in all directions and diffusion areas are approximately concentric circles in the cross section of homogeneous transverse isotropic pore medium, the grout spread filling range can be quantitatively decrypted by the diffusion radius. The average diffusion speed and radius increase approximately as the square root with the permeability coefficient in different permeability media under the same conditions. Calculation results using Maag cylindrical diffusion equation show that the calculated value of diffusion radius is in good agreement with the test value under different grouting pressures and permeability conditions.     

排污闸涵洞渗漏水处理

针对涵洞出现的渗漏水问题，分析了渗漏原因。采取了注浆封水填充，凿孔干法迎水堵漏、自防水砂浆抹面等措施。收到了良好的效果。     

浆液性质对注浆压力及扩散方式的影响规律

为研究浆液性质对于注浆压力及浆液扩散模式的影响规律,设计了注浆扩散模拟试验系统。该系统通过采用整体填土压实,相比常规人工分层填土压实,可有效避免土体内部层间界面的产生,从而避免层间界面对于浆液扩散的影响。通过上述注浆扩散模拟试验系统开展了羧甲基纤维素钠浆液(模拟渗透注浆)、水泥单液及水泥-水玻璃浆液的土体注浆试验,分析注浆压力及浆液扩散特征,并针对注浆压力进行理论分析验证。研究结果表明:浆液性质对于注浆压力增长及劈裂特征点具有显著影响,通过分析注浆压力增长趋势及劈裂特征点特征可判定浆液扩散模式。     

Theoretical and experimental study on the rheological properties of WIS grout and the dispersion and sealing mechanism

Recently a new grout material called water inflow sealing (WIS) was invented for sealing water inflow in tunneling and underground constructions. In this study, a special experimental method called intubated counter grouting (ICG) was proposed to investigate the influence of water dispersion on the rheological properties of the grout during the grouting process, and to testify the sealing performance of the grout, such as instant gelling ability (IGA) and anti-dispersion ability (ADA). In the experiment, dispersion was restricted in the downstream of the channel with a high turbulence intensity. The influences of ADA and IGA were therefore decoupled and evaluated separately. Experimental results revealed two distinctive sealing mechanisms of WIS. For a low initial velocity of water, WIS turned the shear flow of water into an overall movement of a plug by absorbing water into the particles. For a high initial velocity and the situation that the particles reached the outlet before sufficiently expanding, WIS modified the rheology of the water in the channel and reduced its velocity till the static state. The distinctive feature of WIS brings a reformation on the sealing mechanism and provides an effective way to control water inflow with high pressure and velocity.     

煤矿采空区路基钻孔注浆试验与施工

京福高速公路徐州东绕城段地处煤矿采空区,地质情况复杂.结合现场实际情况,进行了采空区路基钻孔注浆试验.在先导试验段对设计治理方案中的参数作了优化和完善,为进行大面积施工提供了可靠的依据.     

坂田工商所综合楼人工挖孔桩桩端土层的处理

本工程的人工挖孔桩在挖孔过程中遇到含泥质砾砂层发生流砂而无法施工．作者提出用高压注浆法旋喷加固含泥质砾砂层和粘土层,形成直径1．6～1．8m、高度6～8m的圆柱形复合土体作为桩端持力层,符合单桩承载力设计要求．     

Comparison of rheological analytic model with numerical simulation in powder injection molding filling process

Mathematical model of filling disk-shaped mold cavity in steady state was studied.And the mathematical model under vibration field was developed from the model in steady state.According to the model of filling disk-shaped mold cavity in steady state,the filling time,the distribution of velocity field and the pressure field were obtained.The analysis results from rheological analytic model were compared with the numerical simulation results using Moldflow software in the powder injection molding filling process.Through the comparison,it is found that it is unreasonable to neglect the influence of temperature when calculated the pressure changing with the time at the cavity gate,while it can be neglected in other situations such as calculating the distribution of the velocity fields.This provides a theoretical reference for the establishment of correct model both in steady state and under vibration force field in the future.