刷密封内流动与密封特性的研究

应用阻抗力表示刷丝内气体流动的体积力,建立了刷密封内流动的流体动力学模型，将以速度压力为原始参数的偏微分方程转化为涡度输运方程和流函数方程，用有限差分法数值迭代计算，得到了刷密封的流场速度和压力分布，分析了刷密封结构对密封特性的影响。计算实例与试验值误差小于8%。     

复杂工况机械密封腔内两相流的流场特性分析

以汽液两相流理论及方法为基础,采用CFD混合多相流模型,对处于高温、高压、高速复杂工况的波纹管集装式机械密封装置密封腔内两相流场进行了数值建模和分析,得到了由冲洗口位置的不同和密封环旋转引起的复杂三维流场特性,对不同的冷却效果进行对比,得到了最佳冷却位置,分析了密封腔内的温度场、压力场和速度场,并对比分析了密封腔压力随着不同主轴转速和不同冲洗液入口速度所呈现的规律,为高参数复杂工况下波纹管集装式机械密封装置的结构优化设计提供了理论依据。     

基于湍流模型的碳环密封泄漏特性数值计算

为探究工况参数对湍流效应下不同轴径碳环密封泄漏特性的影响规律,在层流动力润滑研究的基础上,建立湍流动力润滑理论模型,选用Ng-Pan湍流系数表达式,采用有限差分法对介质流体压力控制方程进行迭代求解,分析碳环密封的泄漏特性。研究表明：在湍流状态下碳环密封的动压效应更加凸显,但在湍流状态下其密封性能劣于层流状态;随着转速增加,2种流态的流场最高压力值均呈非线性发散式增大,而泄漏率整体增加但增幅缓慢;随进口压力增加,2种流态下流场最高压力呈线性收敛式增大,而泄漏率均近似呈相对平行的线性趋势增加;随偏心率增大,流场最大压力均呈现指数式增加,而泄漏率均呈非线性方式增加;在大轴径条件下,考虑湍流效应才更加贴近实际流动状态。     

迷宫密封-转子系统动力学特性的试验测量和数值模拟

针对迷宫密封内作涡动旋转的转子承受腔室内周向不均匀压力,从而导致振动特性发生变化的问题,通过建立迷宫密封-转子试验台,对密封进出口压比分别为1.5、3.0、6.0和7.0下的密封腔室内气流流动和转子振动特性进行同步试验测量,并基于振荡流体力学原理进行数值计算分析.通过对定转速条件下的密封齿腔平均压力、脉动压力周向分布以及转子临界转速等的对比分析,表明迷宫密封内气流流动对转子临界转速影响明显,试验测量和数值计算结果比较吻合.     

进口预旋对高压迷宫密封流体激振转子动力特性的影响

采用基于转子多频椭圆涡动模型和动网格技术求解非定常Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程,研究进口预旋对高压环境下迷宫密封非定常流场和流体激振转子动力特性的影响。分析对比进口预旋比为0.2、0.5和0.7时迷宫密封腔室的旋流强度、周向压力和转子动力特性系数。研究结果表明:高压环境下迷宫密封在低预旋比0.2时具有正的、与频率无关的直接刚度系数;随进口预旋比增大,迷宫密封有效阻尼显著减小,穿越频率明显增大;当预旋比从0.5增加至0.7时,有效阻尼的穿越频率从39.1 Hz升高至55.4 Hz;进口预旋增加会使得密封腔室周向旋流强度增加和周向压力分布不均匀性显著增强,进而导致迷宫密封的直接刚度和交叉刚度Kxy增加,高频区(f30 Hz)下直接阻尼降低和有效阻尼明显降低。     

三维转子密封系统气流激振的研究

提出了分析三维转子密封系统气流激振流固耦合作用的数值计算方法。首先建立三维转子密封流固耦合模型,然后直接数值求解密封流场的非线性气动力,形成了考虑流固耦合效应的转子密封气流激振问题的分析方法。数值计算表明,对应于不同的转速、压比和预旋,转子振动的各个频率成分的幅值不同,但始终存在着转子一阶临界转速频率成分,而且该成分的幅值随着转速、气流进口压力和正向进气预旋的增高而增大,与工程和试验中的密封气流激振现象有较好的一致性,捕捉到了密封气流激振的基本特性。     

旋转式压力能交换器密封端面液膜压力和泄漏量的数值模拟

旋转式压力能交换器是利用正位移原理进行流体压力能利用的装置.为全面了解其端面密封特性,基于N-S方程和SIMPLEC算法,在不同端面间隙和流量下,对密封端面流场进行了数值模拟,考察了密封压力和端面泄漏的变化情况.结果表明:转子转速对端面泄漏量没有影响,端面间隙内的流动为层流时,可以获得较为稳定的液膜压力;端面密封性能随着间隙的增加迅速恶化,当间隙超过0.03 mm后,即丧失密封能力.     

基于流固热耦合的浮环密封力学特性数值研究

考虑温度的影响,建立浮环密封力学特性流固热耦合数值求解模型,在验证计算方法准确性的基础上,研究浮环密封的流场特性,以及石墨烯、石墨、铝合金以及碳化硅4种材料的浮环密封在不同进口压力、温度时的力学特性。结果表明：浮环密封在偏心时,由于楔形间隙的存在,气流经过这种结构产生流体动压效应,在较薄的流体域一侧形成局部高压区,较厚的一侧压力无明显变化,而温度沿轴向方向逐级升高,且偏心率越大,偏心位置的温度越大;浮环密封流体域温度随着进口压力的升高而降低,因温度影响材料的属性,使得不同材料的浮环密封结构对温度会很敏感;不同材料浮环密封的变形量随进口压力的增加而减小,应变也随着进口压力的增加而减小;4种材料浮环密封的变形量与应力均随着进口温度的增加而增大。     

压缩机梳齿密封内部流场及激振力研究

以某大型压缩机转子振动试验台的平衡盘梳齿密封为研究对象,采用CFD方法,分析了转轴在不同相对偏心距下,定转速变压差和定压差变转速时的三维梳齿密封内部流场,总结了流场内部压力、速度和温度的变化规律。确定了由转轴偏心引起的密封激振力,转速升高、相对偏心距及压差增大均会导致激振力增大。     

密封齿对侧开槽对迷宫密封泄漏特性的影响

为了降低迷宫密封的泄漏量,提出一种在直通型迷宫密封的密封齿前端和后端设立凹槽的密封结构,基于CFD方法,建立迷宫密封数值仿真模型。通过与已有试验数据的对比,验证模型的正确性。探讨不同湍流模型的适用范围,并对比光滑表面、前置凹槽、后置凹槽3种结构在泄漏量、轴向压降及流场速度分布的差异性。结果表明:SST湍流模型更加适用于迷宫密封这种窄间隙的近壁面流动;前置凹槽结构降低泄漏量的效果较差,只有在高压力差下才能降低泄漏量;后置凹槽结构能改变迷宫密封腔内漩涡方向及状态,进而降低迷宫密封透气效应,加剧密封的能量耗散的同时降低泄漏量。因此,后置凹槽的迷宫密封结构具有较好的工程应用前景。     

Experimental identification of fluid-induced force in labyrinth seals

The seal force is an important factor in turbomachineries. Therefore, the current paper puts forward an expanded seal force identification model. A seal test rig consisting of several sets of seals was prepared. Using the double-plane unbalance force identification theory in rotordynamics, the distributed seal force in the cylinder became equivalent to two selected planes. Considering the complex cylinder vibration with increasing rotating speed and inlet pressure, the cylinder was regarded as a vibration system with 4 degrees of freedom. The 4×4 impedance matrix was tested at the two selected planes using a shaker in two orthogonal directions. The equivalent seal force can be obtained by multiplying the impedance matrix with the measured change in the cylinder vibration. In the seal rig, tests were performed on the influence of inlet pressure, rotating speed, eccentricity ratio, rotor vibration, and clearance. The seal force increases almost linearly with the increasing inlet pressure, eccentricity ratio, and vibration amplitude. Furthermore, the seal force is strongly sensitive to the change in clearance between the cylinder and the rotating rotor. The phase difference between the seal force and the vibration influences the work done. If the phase difference is nearly 90°, then the work is at maximum. Moreover, the seal force applies positive force on the cylinder and negative force on the rotor.     

转子涡动工况下螺旋槽液膜密封性能研究

基于转子在临界转速下的涡动特性,分析转子涡动的轴心运动轨迹.由于动环圆心运动轨迹追随转子,故以动环圆心的圆形运动轨迹为研究点,建立动环偏心的液膜区域模型.采用有限差分法对广义雷诺方程进行离散,通过SOR迭代方法对离散方程进行求解,得到液膜密封端面压力分布,并探讨动环偏心距对液膜开启力、摩擦扭矩、泄漏量以及空化率等液膜密...     

小迷宫密封间隙对离心制冷压缩机性能的影响

为探讨小迷宫密封间隙设计条件下离心制冷压缩机性能变化规律,以离心制冷压缩机为研究对象,通过CFD方法对压缩机叶轮和迷宫密封内的流动进行模拟.研究结果表明:迷宫密封内的流体压力近似呈阶梯状降低;在叶轮入口流量相同时,随密封间隙增大,泄漏量和泄漏损失系数在小流量工况下增大的幅度较大;在同一密封间隙下,随着压缩机叶轮入口流量...     

Experimental Study of the Flow Field Inside a Whirling Annular Seal

The flow field inside a whirling annular seal has been measured using a 3-D Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) system. The seal investigated has a clearance of 1.27 mm, a length of 37.3 mm and is mounted on a drive shaft with a 50 percent eccentricity ratio. This results in the rotor whirling at the same speed as the shaft rotation (whirl ratio = 1.0). The seal is operated at a Reynolds number of 12000 and a Taylor number of 6300 (3600 rpm). The 3-D LDA system is equipped with a rotary encoding system which is used to produce phase averaged measurements of the entire mean velocity vector field and Reynolds stress tensor field from 0.13 mm upstream to 0.13 mm downstream of the seal. The mean velocity field reveals a highly three-dimensional flow field with large radial velocities near the inlet of the seal as well as a recirculation zone on the rotor surface. The location of maximum mean axial velocity migrates from the pressure side of the rotor at the inlet to the stiction side at the exit. Turbulence production is a maximum near the seal inlet as indicated by the rapid increase of the turbulence kinetic energy (κ). However, turbulence production and dissipation attain equilibrium fairly quickly with K remaining relatively constant over the last half of the seal.     

A novel negative dislocated seal and influential parameter analyses of static/rotordynamic characteristics

This paper proposes a new type of negative dislocated seal (NDS) based on the dislocated bearing theory to investigate the influential parameters of static rotor eccentricity and dislocated ratio on the static and rotordynamic characteristics of an example seal solved with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) the flow field. The rotordynamic characteristics of the NDS were investigated in respect of the effects of rotor whirling frequency on response force, stiffness coefficients, damping coefficients and rotor system stability, by multifrequency elliptical orbit rotor whirling model. Based on the studies, we reached the following conclusions. The circumferential pressure distribution of NDS and conventional labyrinth seal (LS) presents sine periodic variation approximately, while relative to the LS, the NDS has two divergent wedge gaps and reduces the hydrodynamic pressure effects, then the circumferential pressure difference and tangential force on rotor surface decreases by about 40 %~190 %. The leakage of the NDS linearly increases with the rising eccentricity ratio and dislocation ratio approximately, and is larger (about 0.9 %~1.5 %) than the LS. The direct stiffness coefficients of the two seals increase with the rise of rotor whirling frequency, while the absolute values of both the cross-coupled stiffness coefficients and the damping coefficients decrease with raising rotor whirling frequency. Compared with the LS, the NDS has smaller (about 28.8 %~206.2 %) cross-coupled stiffness coefficient, larger (about 26.15 %~60.39 %) effective damping coefficient, and good stability of rotor system. This study has developed a novel seal structure to improve the seal performance of turbomachinery such as aeroengine.     

新型涡流槽密封泄漏特性与动力特性研究

提出一种密封入口周向均匀设置有涡流槽的新型密封结构,建立了传统迷宫密封与新型涡流槽密封泄漏特性及动力特性求解模型,在实验验证数值计算方法准确性的基础上,通过比较分析了传统迷宫密封与新型涡流槽密封在不同进出口压比、预旋比工况下的泄漏特性与动力特性,研究了新型涡流槽结构对密封泄漏特性及动力特性的影响机理。研究结果表明：随着涡流槽数量的增加,涡流槽密封的泄漏量逐渐降低;在同一压比下,不同涡流槽数新型密封的泄漏量之间差值随着压比的增大而增大。当压比为6时,64涡流槽的新型密封较传统迷宫密封,泄漏量下降了3.37%;在高预旋比的工况下,不同涡流槽数量密封的切向气流力均与转子涡动方向相反,起到抑制转子涡动的作用,且随着涡流槽数量的增加,切向气流力也随着增大;随着转子涡动频率的增大,三种不同涡流槽数量密封的交叉刚度先减小到负值然后增大到正值。涡流槽密封的有效阻尼均高于传统迷宫密封,新型涡流槽密封可以提高转子系统的稳定性。     

衍生螺旋槽对超临界二氧化碳干气密封微气膜稳态特性影响*

以衍生螺旋槽为研究对象,建立衍生螺旋槽端面微气膜三维流动模型,通过软件REFPROP获取CO2在不同压力温度下的物性参数,并导入Fluent计算得到了衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的膜压分布。对比分析衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽S-CO2干气密封开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度,讨论不同入口压力和转速下湍流效应、实际气体效应以及离心惯性力对密封稳态性能的影响,揭示多种效应交互耦合对S-CO2干气密封气膜动态特性的密封机制。结果表明：衍生螺旋槽的气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度等性能参数优于经典螺旋槽,这是衍生螺旋槽两级台阶作用的结果;随着转速的增加,在湍流效应和离心惯性力的交互耦合作用下,开启力、泄漏率及气膜刚度先增大后减小,随入口压力的增大,气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度均呈近似线性增大,且压力越大衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的差异越来越明显。     

Prediction of leakage and rotordynamic coefficients for the circumferential-groove-pump seal using CFD analysis

The circumferential-groove seal is commonly used in various turbopumps to reduce leakage. The main goal of this paper is to develop the method of three-dimensional CFD analysis for determining leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of the circumferential-groove-pump seal. A relative coordinate system was defined for steady-state simulation to calculate the velocity and pressure distributions of the seal clearance at each rotor whirl speed. Instead of setting the inlet and outlet pressures as the boundary conditions in the three-dimensional CFD analysis, as it is more commonly done, we used the inlet velocity and outlet pressure obtained from a preliminary two-dimensional CFD analysis. For prediction leakage, the presented analysis shows improvement from the bulk-flow model analysis. For the prediction of rotordynamic coefficients of K, k and C, the presented analysis provides results in closer agreement with the experimental values than those of the bulk-flow model analysis at several rotor speeds.