预氧化温度对静电纺Co/C复合纳米纤维形貌与结构的影响

通过调节静电纺丝过程环境因素制备了CoAc_2/PAN前驱体纤维,再经过热处理得到Co/C复合纳米纤维,分析了预氧化温度对纤维形貌与结构的影响。研究结果表明:当预氧化温度为160℃时,纤维中的PAN未形成稳定的耐热梯形结构,在碳化时纤维扭曲,生成枝节状物质;当预氧化温度为230℃时,碳化后可得到表面光滑、均匀,结构完好的Co/C复合纳米纤维;当预氧化温度为300℃时,纤维中的聚合物大分子遭到破坏,导致后续的碳化结晶过程无法正常进行,纤维形成颗粒聚集态。     

聚丙烯腈纤维的氧化碳化工艺

主要研究了氧化温度、氧化牵伸、碳化牵伸对最终碳纤维性能的影响,结果表明:氧化一区温度适中,可以避免纤维形成皮芯结构,从而制备强度较高的碳纤维;氧化一区施加适当的牵伸,可保持纤维取向,从而制备较高强度的碳纤维;碳化过程中,对低温碳化阶段施加适当的正牵伸,高温碳化阶段施加一定的负牵伸,能够提高碳纤维的力学性能。     

NTT碳纤维集团公司宣布Koreox预氧化PAN纤维新产品系列

Koreox预氧化PAN纤维是一种阻燃性纤维,由轻度碳化的碳纤维聚丙烯腈原丝制造。当它在更高温度下经过进一步碳化,预氧化PAN纤维转变成碳纤维。当它进行蒸发或化学活性过程,成为一种具有活性的碳纤维。这就证明Koreox预氧化PAN纤维属于丙烯酸碳纤维族,是一种先进功能纤维,且持有高度阻燃性。     

羟胺改性对聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维低温碳化的影响

分别将未经过与经过盐酸羟胺处理的预氧化纤维在氮气(99.999%)气氛下,以5℃/min的升温速率加热至800℃进行低温碳化。通过定量傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热失重分析等手段研究了羟胺改性对预氧化纤维在低温碳化过程中的影响。结果表明:羟胺改性可以使原来环化不完全的预氧化纤维在较低温度下进一步环化,从而提高了其热稳定性和碳化收率,所得碳纤维的性能也得到了较大幅度的提高。     

纺丝、预氧化和碳化条件与PAN基碳纤维性能的关系

本文采用干湿法纺制共聚丙烯腈纤维,并进行预氧化,碳化制成碳纤维。对纺丝、预氧化、碳化等工艺过程进行不同条件的实验,探讨了工艺条件与碳纤维性能之间的关系。     

一种表征聚丙烯腈纤维预氧化程度的新方法

在工业化连续碳纤维生产线上,对干喷湿纺和湿纺的聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝进行对比实验,跟踪了这两类原丝在预氧化和碳化过程中力学性能的变化规律。采用密度仪、纤维单丝断裂强力仪等测试分析了不同预氧化条件下预氧化纤维的力学性能与相应碳纤维力学性能之间的内在联系。结果表明,碳纤维的力学性能与预氧化纤维的断裂强力密切相关。通过与不同的预氧化程度表征方法相比较,提出了以预氧化纤维的强力损失率作为表征PAN纤维预氧化程度的新方法。     

中间相沥青纤维的氧化

中间相沥青熔融纺丝可制得沿轴定向较好的沥青纤维。这些纤维虽然由芳烃大分子层片组成,有较高的软化点,但仍具有热塑性,因此在碳化以前必须进行不熔化处理,使之热固化,以防止碳化时纤维的熔融和融并,保持它们轴向择优定向的结构。故不熔化处理在碳纤维的制造过程中是一个关键的步骤。 本文通过在空气中加热中间相沥青纤维,研究了氧化工艺参数,氧化增重和最终碳纤维性能之间的关系,并试图从热力学和动力学的角度探讨中间相沥青纤维的氧化过程。     

超高强度PAN基碳纤维的研制技术

本文从聚丙烯腈原丝的制备,PAN纤维的预氧化,碳化工艺以及碳纤维的表面处理三个方面综述了近年来国外超高强度PAN基碳纤维的研制方法,指出,碳纤维抗张强度的大幅度提高主要来源于高质量的PAN原丝,同时,PAN纤维的预氧化和碳化工艺的改进以及碳纤维表面处理也能较为有效地提高碳纤维的抗张强度。     

电纺PAN纳米纤维的碳化工艺研究

研究了电纺方法制备的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维的碳化工艺。利用热重/差热(TG/DTA)分析仪对其升温过程中的物理化学反应过程进行了分析,讨论了在空气和氮气两种氛围内原纤维的热氧化、分解过程,发现在290℃附近PAN纤维发生强烈的氧化反应,温度达到930℃时,原纤维几乎完全转化为碳纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和Raman光谱仪对不同温度下稳定化和碳化处理得到PAN基碳纤维进行了深入的研究,得到了电纺PAN原纤维碳化的工艺规律。     

油剂对聚丙烯腈原丝预氧化与低温碳化的影响

在相同聚合、纺丝工艺条件下制得两种分别上有不同油剂(No.1、No.2)的聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝,然后在相同工艺条件下依次进行预氧化、低温碳化处理。采用红外光谱和X-射线衍射表征了两种原丝的预氧化结构,采用差示扫描量热仪研究了预氧丝除油前后在低温碳化阶段的热行为,结果表明:采用No.1油剂的PAN原丝预氧化程度较高,表面除油后在低温碳化阶段时质量损失较小,表现出较好的耐热性;但在不除油的情况下,采用耐热性好的No.2油剂的PAN原丝尽管预氧化程度较低,但在低温碳化阶段时质量损失较小,表现出更好的耐热性。与预氧化程度相比,油剂的耐热性对预氧化纤维在低温碳化阶段的热行为影响更大。     

Mass production of carbon nanotube‐reinforced polyacrylonitrile fine composite fibers

A facile and large‐scale production method of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and carboxyl functionalized carbon nanotube reinforced PAN composite fibers was demonstrated by the use of Forcespinning® technology. The developed polymeric fibers and carbon nanotube‐reinforced composite fibers were subsequently carbonized to obtain carbon fiber systems. Analysis of the fiber diameter, homogeneity, alignment of carbon nanotube and bead formation was conducted with scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis, electrical, and mechanical characterization were also conducted. Raman and FTIR analyses of the developed fiber systems indicate interactions between carbon nanotubes and the carbonized PAN fibers through π–π stacking. The carbonized carbon nanotube‐reinforced PAN composite fibers possess promising applications in energy storage applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40302.     

聚丙烯腈基预氧化纤维环化程度及力学性能的表征

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维原丝为原料制成预氧化纤维(PANOF),采用芳构化指数(AI)和差热分析法测定了PANOF的环化指数,研究了预氧化温度和时间对其环化程度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,AI实际上反映了吡啶环与氰基间交联程度。在吡啶基与氰基间的交联点数未达到极大值前,AI才能表征PANOF的环化程度。随预氧化温度升高和预氧化时间的延长,PANOF的环化程度提高,断裂强度和断裂伸长率降低。     

Influence of activation temperature on the properties of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon hollow fiber

In this work, polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber was oxidized, carbonized, and activated by carbon dioxide into activated hollow carbon fiber. The effects of the activation temperature on the characteristics of the resulting activated hollow carbon fiber, including the mechanical properties, the surface area, and pore size distribution, were studied. The results show that by activating for 40 min at 800°C, the mechanical properties was better, the surface area was larger, and the pore size was distributed in three ranges. Higher activation temperature led to the decrease in the mechanical strength, the increase in the burn-off degree of the surface, the reduce of the portion of micropores, and the greatly broadening the pore size distribution. Lower activation temperature can only produce pleading on the surface of the fiber instead of open pores, due to the milder attack of CO₂. Therefore, the characteristics of the activated hollow carbon fiber can be controlled by the activation temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1331–1336, 1998     

Oxidative stabilization of PAN/SWNT composite fiber

PAN/SWNT composite fibers have been spun with 0, 5, and 10 wt% single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Tensile fracture surfaces of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers exhibited extensive fibrillation, while for PAN/SWNT composite fibers, tendency to fibrillate decreased with increasing SWNT content. The reinforcing effect of SWNTs on the oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber has been studied. At 10 wt% SWNTs, breaking strength, modulus, and strain to failure of the oxidized composite fiber increased by 100%, 160%, and 115%, respectively. Tensile fracture surfaces of thermally stabilized PAN and the PAN/SWNT fibers exhibited brittle behavior and well distributed SWNT ropes covered with the oxidized matrix can be observed in the tensile fracture surfaces of the fibers. No de-bonding has been observed between unoxidized or the oxidized PAN matrix and the nanotube ropes. Higher strain to failure of the oxidized composite fiber as compared to that of the oxidized control PAN fiber also suggests good adhesion/interaction between SWNT and the oxidized matrix. Thermal stresses generated on the composite fiber during the oxidation process were lower than those for the control fiber. The potential of PAN/SWNT composite fiber as the precursor material for the carbon fiber has been discussed.     

聚丙烯腈纤维的液相稳定化

通过液相稳定化法制备了聚丙烯腈稳定化纤维。采用密度分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(FT-IR)等方法研究了在不同温度下液相稳定化所得纤维的性能,测试了碳化后纤维的力学性能。结果表明:随稳定化时间、温度的增加,纤维的致密性增加,纤维的密度逐渐增大;所得稳定化纤维表面光滑,结构均匀,截面无皮芯结构;随稳定化时间、温度的增加,纤维结构转变加快,环化度逐渐增大;碳化后纤维的力学性能良好,即使在未拉伸情况下其强度也可达到2.02GPa。     

Effect of oxidation pre-treatment at 220 to 270 °C on the carbonization and activation behavior of phenolic resin fiber

The effect of oxidation pre-treatment of a phenolic resin fiber was examined from two aspects: one is to examine if the pre-treatment can be a means to increase the yield of carbon fiber and activated carbon fiber (ACF), and the other is to study the effect of the pre-treatment on the carbonization and activation behavior. A phenolic resin fiber was oxidized in air at 220 to 270 °C and it was subsequently carbonized at 900 °C and activated by steam at 900 °C. The oxidation was found to affect significantly the subsequent carbonization process in the way that the yield of the carbonized fiber increased with the severity of the oxidation. On the other hand, the oxidation was found not to affect the chemical and physical properties of the carbonized fiber. The ACF produced from the oxidized fiber had almost same pore structure as the ACF produced from the non-treated fiber when compared at a same activation level. The maximum yield of ACF produced from the oxidized fiber was 1.13 times larger than the yield of ACF produced from the non-treated fiber. Thus we could increase the production yield of ACF significantly without losing its high adsorption performance.     

聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PANACF)扫描电镜形貌分析

用扫描电镜分析法研究分析了在真空设备中经炭化、活化后的ＰＡＮ基纤维。形貌分析结果表明,因Ｈ、Ｏ原子等逸出及微晶间部分碳原子被烧损,ＰＡＮＡＣＦ的表面形成了极丰富的微孔。ＰＡＮＡＣＦ对ＳＯ２气体吸附测试结果表明,该材料对含硫气体吸附性能良好。     

Mechanical and electrical properties of aligned carbon nanotube/carbon matrix composites

To synthesize carbon nanotube/carbon matrix (CNT/C) composites rivaling or exceeding the mechanical and electrical properties of current carbon fiber/carbon matrix composites, it is essential to align carbon nanotubes in the composite. In this work, we fabricated CNT/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor composites with high degree of CNT alignment, and carbonized and graphitized them at high temperatures. Carbonizing the precursor composites significantly improved their elastic modulus, strength, and electrical conductivity. The matrix was uniformly carbonized and highly graphitized. The excellent mechanical and electrical properties make the CNT/C composites promising for many high temperature aerospace applications.     

Stabilization and carbonization of gel spun polyacrylonitrile/single wall carbon nanotube composite fibers

Gel spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) composite fibers have been stabilized in air and subsequently carbonized in argon at 1100 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy suggests that the presence of single wall carbon nanotube affects PAN stabilization. Carbonized PAN/SWNT fibers exhibited 10-30 nm diameter fibrils embedded in brittle carbon matrix, while the control PAN carbonized under the same conditions exhibited brittle fracture with no fibrils. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggest the existence of well developed graphitic regions in carbonized PAN/SWNT and mostly disordered carbon in carbonized PAN. Tensile modulus and strength of the carbonized fibers were as high as 250 N/tex and 1.8 N/tex for the composite fibers and 168 N/tex and 1.1 N/tex for the control PAN based carbon fibers, respectively. The addition of 1 wt% carbon nanotubes enhanced the carbon fiber modulus by 49% and strength by 64%.     

Activated carbon nanofiber produced from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber as a highly efficient formaldehyde adsorbent

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based nanofiber with a uniform diameter of ca. 800 nm was carbonized and steam-activated to produce activated carbon nanofiber with tailored microporosity and abundant nitrogen-containing functional groups as highly efficient adsorption sites. A remarkable amount of formaldehyde, a typical indoor pollutant, was adsorbed onto the pore surface of the PAN-based activated carbon nanofibers even at a low concentration (ca. 11 ppm), demonstrating more than twice as long as breakthrough time of formaldehyde adsorption as compared to conventional activated carbon fibers of larger fiber diameter. The tailored shallow microporosity was considered to afford the preferential adsorption of formaldehyde also in a humid environment.