低压冷喷涂镍基金属陶瓷复合涂层的摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究镍基陶瓷复合涂层的摩擦学性能,为现场修复泥浆泵关键部件提供实验支撑.方法 采用低压冷喷涂技术,在Q235钢表面分别制备不同Al2O3和ZrO2含量的镍基金属陶瓷复合涂层.通过HT-1000摩擦实验机测试大气气氛下涂层的摩擦磨损性能,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和附带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM)表征复合涂层的微观组织和物相组成,利用维氏显微硬度仪测试复合涂层硬度.结果 陶瓷颗粒添加量为9％～33％(以体积分数计)时,涂层硬度随着Al2O3含量的增加,呈先增后减的趋势,而随着ZrO2增加,涂层的硬度呈先减再增的趋势.这主要是因为不同类型陶瓷颗粒的添加使涂层的致密度发生了变化.Ni-Al2O3复合涂层摩擦因数随Al2O3含量增加,呈现先减后增的趋势,涂层磨损机理由粘着磨损向磨粒磨损转变,而Ni-ZrO2复合涂层摩擦因数大致稳定在0.2附近.Ni-Al2O3复合涂层的磨损率随Al2O3含量的增加,呈现先减后增的趋势,而ZrO2含量增加,Ni-ZrO2复合涂层的磨损率则呈现先增后减的趋势.当加入23％Al2O3颗粒时,涂层的耐磨性能明显改善,摩擦因数低至0.149,磨损率为3.18×10–5 mm3/(N·m).结论 陶瓷颗粒的加入可有效提高涂层的耐磨性能,但耐磨性能也受添加颗粒尺寸因素的影响.该研究结果为泥浆泵关键部件的修复提供了一定的理论数据支撑.     

砂型铸造用模具快速制备及耐磨性研究

研究了砂型铸造用模具的快速制备及适合其耐磨的表面涂层材料,对添加Al2O3颗粒材料进行了耐磨性系列试验,用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜进行了分析。结果表明,当Al2O3颗粒含量达5%时,磨损率最低;随Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦系数逐渐增大,复合涂层的磨损机理由粘着占主导逐渐转变为犁削沟占主导。     

SiC颗粒对AlCoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层显微组织与力学性能的影响

应用激光熔覆技术制备了Al CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层,研究了不同Si C添加量对涂层组织、硬度及耐磨性的影响。结果表明:Al CoCrFeNi高熵合金涂层由面心立方结构(FCC)和体心立方结构(BCC)两相组成。添加Si C生成了Cr2Fe14C相,但是抑制了Cr基FCC相的生成。随着Si C含量的增加,熔覆层的缺陷减少且组织形貌发生改变,主要是由晶内BCC、晶间Cr基FCC相和白色析出物组成,其中,白色析出物为Cr2Fe14C相和未熔化的Si C颗粒,且分布在晶间。Si C的加入可以显著提高涂层的硬度及耐磨性,随着Si C含量的增加,涂层的硬度及耐磨性会随之增加。     

铝合金表面Al2O3-Ni涂层的制备及耐磨性研究

目的研究Al2O3含量对Al2O3-Ni复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在6082-T6铝合金基体表面分别制备Al2O3含量为30%、50%和70%的30%Al2O3-70%Ni、50%Al2O3-50%Ni、70%Al2O3-30%Ni复合涂层。对三种涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行对比研究,并分析原始粉末和涂层的相组成、涂层组织结构、磨损形貌和磨损机制。结果原始粉末中的部分α-Al2O3相在急冷条件下转变成γ-Al2O3新相,涂层中各衍射峰出现明显的宽化现象,有Al2O3非晶相生成。三种试样均由基体、打底层、涂层组成,基体与打底层之间有明显的分界面,打底层因与涂层化学成分相似使分界面不明显,层与层之间结合良好。涂层的显微硬度明显高于基体,约为基体硬度的4~5倍,且其随着Al2O3含量的增加而增加。在试验条件下,涂层的摩擦系数、磨痕宽度、磨损率均随着Al2O3含量的增加而减小,相较于30%Al2O3-70%Ni涂层,70%Al2O3-30%Ni涂层的摩擦系数降低了13%,磨损率降低了66.7%。30%Al2O3-70%Ni涂层磨损最严重,磨痕表面剥落明显,而50%Al2O3-50%Ni涂层与70%Al2O3-30%Ni涂层磨损后,磨痕表面产生大量即将剥落的"橘皮状"氧化物,磨损机制均为氧化磨损与粘着磨损的混合。结论 Al2O3-Ni复合涂层中增加Al2O3含量可以提高复合涂层的耐磨性。     

氩弧熔覆AlxCoCrFeCuNi高熵合金涂层组织与耐磨性

目的 利用氩弧熔覆技术在45钢表面制备出AlCrFeCoCuNi高熵合金涂层，改善其耐磨性能。方法 采用机械球磨方式将Al、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Ni粉均匀混合，预涂敷在45钢表面，利用氩弧熔覆技术制备出不同Al物质的量之比的高熵合金涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析仪分析涂层的物相及显微组织，利用显微硬度仪测试涂层表面及截面的显微硬度。采用摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层的摩擦系数及磨损率，分析涂层的耐磨性能。结果 Al_xCrFeCoCuNi高熵合金涂层物相主要包括面心立方(FCC)相和体心立方(BCC)相，当Al物质的量之比小于0.5时，涂层由FCC相构成；当Al物质的量之比为1.0～2.0时，涂层由BCC+FCC相构成；当Al物质的量之比达到2.5时，涂层仅存在BCC相。Al_xCrFeCoCuNi高熵合金涂层组织由等轴晶、柱状晶及白色的晶界构成，且较为致密。Al物质的量之比的增加使得涂层的显微硬度提升，当Al物质的量之比为2.5时，涂层最高硬度为710 HV0.5。在相同磨损条件下，Al_xCrFeCoCuNi...     

超音速激光沉积Cu-Al2O3-石墨复合涂层微观结构及耐磨损性能

目的 研究不同石墨含量对超音速激光沉积Cu-Al2O3-石墨复合涂层的微观组织、显微硬度、耐磨损性能的影响。方法 利用扫描电子显微镜、能量色谱仪、维氏硬度计、激光共聚焦扫描显微系统、X射线衍射仪、摩擦磨损测试对复合涂层的微观组织、显微硬度、耐磨损性能及磨损机制进行分析。结果 随着原始粉末中镀铜石墨质量占比的增加,Cu-Al2O3-石墨复合涂层的沉积效率逐渐降低。基于Al2O3颗粒的原位喷丸效应及激光辐照的加热软化效应,复合涂层具有致密的微观组织,且复合涂层与基体界面结合良好。单一添加Al2O3颗粒可以将Cu涂层的硬度从108.19HV0.2提高至121.82HV0.2。随着石墨含量的增大,涂层的显微硬度逐渐降低,镀铜石墨在原始粉末中的质量分数从5%增至15%,Cu-Al2O3-石墨复合涂层的硬度从116.09HV0.2降至94.17HV0.2。添加石墨能够在复合涂层表面形成固体润滑层,降低复合涂层的摩擦因数,提升涂层的耐磨损性能。CuAlGr10复合涂层具有最优的耐磨损性能,磨损率为0.7×10⁻⁴ mm³/(N.m)。此外,由于激光辐照促进了复合涂层内部颗粒间的界面结合,均匀分散在石墨润滑相中的Al2O3颗粒作为负载支撑和耐磨相,可进一步降低复合涂层的磨损率。结论 Cu-Al2O3-石墨复合涂层优异的耐磨性能是润滑相石墨颗粒和硬质增强相Al2O3颗粒共同作用的结果,石墨的添加能够降低复合涂层的摩擦因数,提升涂层的耐磨损性能,但过量的石墨颗粒会对涂层产生割裂作用,导致增强相Al2O3颗粒脱离涂层,从而加剧涂层的磨损。     

TiN及TiSiN涂层在海水环境下的摩擦学行为研究

目的对比研究海水环境下Ti N及Ti Si N涂层与Al2O3对磨的摩擦磨损行为。方法采用多弧离子镀技术在316L不锈钢及单晶硅片上制备Ti N及Ti Si N涂层。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了涂层的截面形貌及化学组织成分。选择纳米压痕仪测量了Ti N及Ti Si N涂层的硬度及弹性模量,使用UMT-3往复式摩擦试验机研究了人工模拟海水环境下Al2O3与Ti N及Ti Si N涂层对磨后的摩擦磨损行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子能谱(EDS)及表面轮廓仪来深入分析了磨痕的摩擦磨损情况。结果研究表明,Ti N涂层的硬度为32.5 GPa,当Si元素掺入涂层以后,Ti Si N涂层的硬度提高到了37 GPa。同时,较之于Ti N涂层,Ti Si N涂层的腐蚀电流密度下降了一个数量级。在摩擦实验中,Ti N涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.35和5.21×10-6 mm3/(N·m),而Ti Si N涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均有明显下降,分别为0.24和1.96×10-6 mm3/(N·m)。结论 Si元素掺杂后能显著提高Ti N涂层在海水环境下的摩擦学性能,主要归因于结构的致密,硬度、韧性、抗腐蚀性的提高及润滑相的形成。     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究

目的制备等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层,并研究该涂层的摩擦性能和磨损机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆和固相合金化技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。用SEM和XRD等手段分析粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,研究涂层从室温到800℃的摩擦磨损性能,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层在室温和高温下的磨损机理。结果 Al2O3颗粒表面均匀包覆着一层致密的NiCoCrAlY合金,包覆层厚度大约为3~5μm;等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层呈典型的层状结构,涂层各层间结合良好,涂层中孔隙率约为2.84%,主晶相为Ni Cr Al合金相和Al2O3相。涂层的摩擦系数随温度的升高逐渐降低,在室温下约为0.64,800℃时在0.4以下。高温下,金属氧化物的形成是摩擦系数降低的主要原因。涂层的磨损率随温度的升高先升高后降低。涂层在低温下为脆性断裂和磨粒磨损,高温下为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损、塑性变形和金属氧化物的转移。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层是一种性能优良的高温固体润滑耐磨涂层。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层与高硬配副的摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究大气等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层在高硬配副下的摩擦磨损行为.方法 通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了厚度约为380μm的Al2O3涂层,利用纳米压痕仪测量了Al2O3涂层和两种摩擦副的硬度和弹性模量.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对喷涂粉末、涂层以及磨痕的相结构和形貌进行了表征分析,通过X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层磨痕中对偶元素的转移.另外,还通过CSM摩擦机系统地研究了该涂层的摩擦磨损行为.借助X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了磨痕中的化学组成.结果 制备的Al2O3涂层主要以γ-Al2O3相为主,且存在一定孔隙,并出现层状结构.在摩擦实验中发现,在同一摩擦副下,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低,磨损率随之增大.由于摩擦配副力学性能的差异,使Al2O3涂层表现出不同的摩擦磨损行为.以Si3N4为摩擦副时,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数较小,但磨损率大,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.在摩擦过程中,Si3N4对偶副会与空气中的水反应,生成少量具有润滑效果的Si(OH)4胶体.以WC为摩擦副时,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数大,但磨损率低,磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,并伴有疲劳磨损.在摩擦过程中,由于产生了摩擦热,Al2O3涂层磨痕表面的γ-Al2O3相转变为 α-Al2O3相,摩擦配副的硬度和弹性模量越大,摩擦系数越高,γ-Al2O3相的转变也越多.结论 因高硬度的Si3N4和WC对偶球拥有不同的力学性能,对大气等离子喷涂制备的Al2O3涂层的摩擦磨损机理有显著的影响,并且在摩擦过程中,涂层磨痕内的γ-Al2O3相会向α-Al2O3相转变.     

H13表面TiAlN/CrAlN复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用真空电弧离子镀工艺在H13钢表面制备Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合涂层,利用划痕试验仪、盘式摩擦磨损试验机、金相显微镜和努氏硬度计分析Ti Al N/Cr Al N膜层的结合力和摩擦学性能,金相组织形貌和试样表面的显微硬度。结果表明,Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合薄膜表面组织分布均匀,结合致密,涂层与基体间的结合力是影响涂层承载能力的主要因素之一,Ti Al N复合涂层的摩擦性能优于H13基体和Cr Al N复合涂层的摩擦性能,Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合涂层的结合力分别为35 N和24 N,沉积有Ti Al N涂层试样表面摩擦系数最小,减摩效果最好,耐磨性能优越,并能有效地抵抗摩擦磨损。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.