Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Thermoelectric power of single-phase samples of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O y and Ba2CaSr2Cu2O y

Single-phase 2122 samples of thallium and bismuth superconductors were made by the precursor matrix method. The thermopower of these samples was measured in the temperature range 250 K-T _c . The thermopower was positive and decreased linearly with increasing temperature aboveT _c (onset). The exponential enhancement of thermopower seen in the undoped and doped YBCO was not observed in these samples. The linear variation of thermopower can be explained on the basis of either a two-band model or a narrow band model.     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Structure of Na2O·2TiO2 glass

X-ray radial distribution analysis and Raman spectroscopic measurement were carried out on Na₂O-2TiO₂ glass prepared by twin-roller quenching method. It is found that four-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ ions may be predominant over six-coordinated ones in the present glass. It is also found that the fraction of six-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ ions is larger in the present glass than in K₂O·2TiO₂ and Cs₂O·2TiO₂ glasses. Poorer glass-forming ability of the Na₂O-TiO₂ system compared with the K₂O-TiO₂ and Cs₂O-TiO₂ systems is ascribed to a larger fraction of TiO₆ octahedron for the former system.     

SiO2—TiO2—ZrO2系涂层的制备及其特性

用溶胶－凝胶法（sol-gel method）在不锈钢表面制备了SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2系无机氧化膜（STZ）。用DTA／TG、IR、XRD和SEM等手段研究了涂层制备时由凝胶向玻璃态的转变以及涂层薄膜的显微结构特点，考察了涂层对基体的保护效果。试验结果表明，在溶胶至凝胶最终转变为无机氧化物的过程中形成了无机网络，Si^4 和Zr^4 充当了网络骨架的形成离子。涂层为无定型玻璃态，其间混有石英、锐钛矿或金红石等微晶。     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Investigation of Instability of Lattice of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_x

Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox superconductor was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) in different atmospheres. It is discovered that there is a thermal anomaly in the DSC curve, associated with a weight loss in the TG curve before the melting of the sample. Careful thermal analysis and high temperature X-ray diffraction reveal that the thermal anomaly and the weight loss show an instability of the crystalline Iattice. By annealing the sample in oxygen and argon, respectively and then by TC measurement and thermal analysis, the coincidence of transition temperature with the instability is found. The coincidence is further confirmed by Y-doped 2212 phase.     

Thermal conductivity of the system N2O4 ⇄ 2NO2 ⇄ 2NO + O2

Experimental data on the thermal conductivity of dissociating nitrogen tetroxide have been obtained by the hot-wire method in the temperature range from 290 to 870° K at pressures up to 10⁵ N/m².     

Growth of IrO2, SnO2, and SnO2:IrO2 crystals

Crystals of IrO₂, SnO₂, and SnO₂:IrO₂ have been grown by chemical vapor transport. The IrO₂ crystals are larger than any previously reported. The SnO₂ and SnO₂:IrO₂ crystals are optically clear and are suitable for optical properties studies. This is the first report on the growth of SnO₂:IrO₂ crystals.     

SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2涂层的制备及其特性

用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel method)在不锈钢表面制备了 SiO\-2-TiO\-2-ZrO\-2系无机氧化膜(STZ).用DTA/TG、IR、XRD和SEM等手段研究了涂层制备时由凝胶向玻璃态的转变以及涂层薄膜的显微结构特点,考察了涂层对基体的保护效果. 试验结果表明,在溶胶至凝胶最终转变为无机氧化物的过程中形成了无机网络,Si4+ 和Zr4+充当了网络骨架的形成离子.涂层为无定型玻璃态,其间混有石英、锐钛矿或金红石等微晶.     

Superconductivity of barium-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O y

Sintered ceramic samples of Bi₂Sr_2?x Ba _x CaCu₂O_y with nominal barium fraction 0≤x≤0.3 have been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. WDS studies verified that barium enters the superconducting phase. For slowly cooled samples, the midpointT _c of the superconducting transition is significantly increased by barium doping, whereas for quenched samplesT _c is little affected. The increase ofT _c with increasing barium fraction is consistent with a decrease in the hole concentration in the superconducting layers.     

掺杂Bi_2Ti_2O_7对Y_2O_3-2TiO_2系微波介质陶瓷材料性能的影响

目前国内外对εr范围在40～80左右的中介电常数微波介质陶瓷体系的研究还很缺乏。为适应现代微波通讯技术发展需求,本实验研究开发了新型中介电常数Y2O3-2TiO2系微波介质陶瓷,并在此基础上添加Bi2Ti2O7陶瓷粉料进行复相掺杂。利用网络分析仪,阻抗分析仪,XRD,SEM等方法,本文重点研究了不同Bi2Ti2O7掺杂量对Y2O3-2TiO2系微波介质陶瓷材料烧结性能和介电性能的影响。通过分析发现适量掺杂能够有效降低材料的烧结温度,并使材料致密化。同时由于Bi3+置换主晶相中的Y3+形成了固溶体,材料主晶相为烧绿石结构并未改变。当添加质量分数为8wt%时获得介电性能较好的陶瓷材料,烧结温度从未掺杂的1460℃降低到1320℃。在1M下:εr≈62.14,tanδ≈1.22×10-3,微波频率(4.55GHz)下εr≈62.85,Q.f=4122.8GHz,τf=-7ppm/℃。     

Proton Conductivity of Cs2MnH3(P2O7)2 and Rb2MnHP2O7(H2PO4)2

Cs₂MnH₃(P₂O₇)₂ and Rb₂MnHP₂O₇(H₂PO₄)₂ are shown to have an appreciable proton conductivity: 5 × 10^–8 and 2 × 10^–5 S/cm in the Cs compound at 298 and 400 K, respectively, and 10^–7 and 4 × 10^–7 S/cm in the Rb compound. The conductivity and structural data are analyzed in relation to the mechanisms of protonic conduction in these mixed phosphates.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Cu2+ in Li2O-Na2O-B2O3-Bi2O3 glasses

Pure and copper doped glasses with composition,x Li ₂ O-(40-x)Na ₂ O-50B ₂ O ₃-10Bi ₂ O ₃,have been prepared over the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 40. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Cu²⁺ ions of these glasses have been recorded in the X-band at room temperature. Spin Hamiltonian parameters have been calculated. The molecular bonding coefficients, α² and β², have been calculated by recording the optical absorption spectra in the wavelength range 200–1200 nm. It has been observed that the site symmetry around Cu²⁺ ions is tetragonally distorted octahedral. The density and glass transition temperature variation with alkali content shows non-linear behaviour. The IR studies show that the glassy system contains BO₃ and BO₄ units in the disordered manner.     

In vitro evaluation of bioactivity of SiO2-CaO-P2O5-Na2O-CaF2-ZnO glass-ceramics

Zinc is an essential trace element that stimulates bone formation but it is also known as an inhibitor of apatite crystal growth. In this work addition of ZnO to SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅-Na₂O-CaF₂ glass-ceramic system was made by conventional melt-quenching technique. DSC curves showed that the addition of ZnO moved the endothermic and exothermic peaks to lower temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis did not reveal any additional phase caused by ZnO addition and showed the presence of wollastonite and hydroxyapatite crystalline phases only in all the glass-ceramic samples. As bio-implant apatite forming ability is an essential condition, the surface reactivity of the prepared glass-ceramic specimens was studied in vitro in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid (SBF) [1] with ion concentration nearly equal to human blood plasma for 30 days at 37 °C under static condition. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to study the changes in element concentrations in soaking solutions and XRD, FT-IR and SEM were used to elucidate surface properties of prepared glass-ceramics, which confirmed the formation of HCAp on the surface of all glass-ceramics. It was found that the addition of ZnO had a positive effect on bioactivity of glass-ceramics and made it a potential candidate for restoration of damaged bones.     

Photoluminescence properties of Eu2+-activated Ca2Y2Si2O9 phosphor

Eu²⁺-activated Ca₂Y₂Si₂O₉ phosphors with different Eu²⁺ concentrations have been prepared by a solid-state reaction method at high temperature and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. Photoluminescence results show that Eu²⁺-doped Ca₂Y₂Si₂O₉ can be efficiently excited by UV–visible light from 300 to 425 nm. Ca₂Y₂Si₂O₉: Eu²⁺ exhibits broad band emission in the wavelength range of 425–700 nm, due to the 4f⁶5d¹ → 4f⁷5d⁰ transition of the Eu²⁺ ions located at two different sites ((Ca/Y)1 and (Ca/Y)2) in Ca₂Y₂Si₂O₉. The effect of the Eu²⁺ concentration in Ca₂Y₂Si₂O₉ on the PL properties was investigated in detail. The results showed that the relative PL intensity reaches a maximum at 1 mol% of Eu²⁺, and a red-shift of the emission bands from these two different sites was observed with increasing Eu²⁺ concentration. Also there exists energy transfer between these two Eu²⁺ sites. The potential applications of Ca₂Y₂Si₂O₉: Eu²⁺ have been pointed out.     

Formation and crystallization of gels in the Na2O-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 system

5Na₂O·95(SiO₂ + TiO₂ + ZrO₂) gels together with Na₂O-MO₂ gels (MO₂ = SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂) were synthesized and effect of Na₂O addition to the gel formation and crystallization behavior were studied. From Si(OC₂H₅)₄, Ti(iso-OC₃H₇)₄, Zr(n-OC₃H₇)₄ and NaOCH₃ solutions in EtOH without H₂O, transparent, opaque and heterogeneous gels were obtained. By SEM observation, it was found that the opague bulk gels, rich in TiO₂ or ZrO₂ component, contain agglomerated spherical particles of less than 10 m diameter. Crystallization temperature (Tc) measured by DTA decreased sharply from 1258°C (SiO₂) to 613°C (30Na₂O·70SiO₂) due to the increasing non-bridging oxygens in the Na₂O-SiO₂ system. But in the Na₂O-TiO₂ and Na₂O-ZrO₂ systems, Tc increased as Na₂O content was increased up to 10 mol%. The thermal stability, defined by Tc/TL ratio, decreased from Tc/TL = 0.77 (SiO₂) to 0.57 (5Na₂O·95SiO₂) or increased from Tc/TL = 0.30 (TiO₂) to 0.67 (30Na₂O·70TiO₂) with Na₂O addition. In the 5Na₂O·95(SiO₂ + TiO₂ + ZrO₂) system maximum Tc was 891°C at 5Na₂O·76SiO₂·19ZrO₂ composition and decreased as TiO₂ or ZrO₂ contents increased. Compared with the SiO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂ gels, Tc of the 5 mol%Na₂O containing gels (Na₂O-SiO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂) was lower in SiO₂ rich composition and higher in TiO₂ or ZrO₂ rich compositions. It is assumed that addition of Na₂O changed the structure of amorphous TiO₂ and ZrO₂ someway to increase their thermal stability or amorphous forming ability. After DTA run up to 1000°C, cystalline phases precipitated in the 5Na₂O·95(SiO₂ + TiO₂ + ZrO₂) gels were determined by XRD analysis.