空分装置技术改造探讨

针对旧空分装置的技术改造 ,对新旧空分设备工艺流程进行了对比 ,提出了几种投资少、效益高的改造方案。同时分析了国内外空分装置的发展趋势 ,建议对新建空分装置应采用新型工艺流程和技术 ,可增产节能 ,创造效益。     

60000m~3/h空分设备新增提氩装置优化设计

介绍3套不带氩(带增效塔)60000m~3/h等级空分设备的制氩系统改造方案及取得的效果,叙述了制氩系统改造方案优化过程中解决的问题,分析了3套空分设备共用1套新增提氩装置的可行性,为以后类似流程空分设备新增提氩装置提供借鉴。     

LNG冷能空分装置优化改造

LNG冷能空分装置具有能耗低、运行费用低等优势,但是目前LNG冷能空分装置普遍存在频繁开停机问题,严重影响了空分装置的生产运行和经济效益,亟待解决。文中以国内首套冷能空分装置为研究对象,对冷能空分频繁停机的原因和结果分析,根据设备自身状况,提出利用液氮冷能方案,借助Aspen Plus模拟软件对空分装置进行模拟优化改造。模拟结果表明:换热器所需换热面积为69.61 m~2,需要液氮冷能18 110 kg/h。通过对方案经济效益分析可知,采用液氮冷能供应方案,可避免空分装置频繁停机,提高了项目经济效益。     

18 000 m3/h空分装置预冷系统优化改造总结

为淘汰落后空分装置,配套TanDem天然气换热转化装置的工艺优化,促进节能降耗,201 1年我公司新建了18 000 m3/h内压缩空分装置.装置于2011年底建成,2012年1月9日开车.装置投运9个月后冷水机组蒸发器列管出现水中盐类结晶析出的现象,对结晶原因进行分析后制定方案对空分装置预冷系统进行了优化改造.     

大型化工型内压缩流程空分设备新工艺的研制与发展

针对煤化工装置对气体产品的新要求,从流程选择、优化节能和安全供气等方面对大型化工型内压缩流程空分设备进行了研究,指出:合理选择单套空分设备规模,发挥多套空分设备联合供气的最大优势;合理、优化改造全精馏无氢制氩系统;设置安全、可靠的液体汽化后备系统;用液体膨胀机代替高压节流阀,是大型化工型内压缩流程空分设备的新特点和发展方向。     

提高膨胀机制冷量的研究与应用

由于某炼油厂氮氧站装置内的膨胀机制冷量不足,无法维持空分设备的热平衡,致使装置运行不平稳,无法保证氮气的制备量。为保证生产运行,对膨胀机的运行情况进行分析研究,并对改造过程及方法进行了总结。     

以砂爆事故为例分析空分装置设备运行风险及预防措施

以某气化厂发生空分装置爆炸事故为例,对空分装置设备存在的安全风险进行了分析,并针对性地提出了安全预防措施.     

空分装置模拟优化软件

正产品和技术简介:本软件针对大型空分装置开发的,能够完成现有装置的模拟分析、能量查定、故障诊断、操作条件调优、以及提出过程和设备改造方案等方面工作。利用此软件已对多套现有大型空分进行了操作条件调优、故障诊断、以及过程和设备改造任务,得到较满意的结果,经济效益显著。     

严格安全管理确保施工有效受控

空分车间二空分装置改造期间,克服一空分装置独生子设备和二空分改造施工作业繁杂、交叉作业频繁、作业队伍多等困难,认真分析施工管理中薄弱环节,采取施工任务日交接、安全风险技术交底、安全措施联合确认、干部走动式监督管理、”三查四定”安检管理以及施工作业演习等管理措施,确保了施工作业的有效受控,保证了装置安全生产和安全施工同步进行,实现了装置改造施工零事故,经济效益至少86．57万元。     

国产低温深冷分离设备的节能改造

空分装置的能耗是大型化工企业关注的焦点。介绍了陕西咸阳化学工业有限公司低温深冷分离设备的节能改造过程,通过增加高压氮气后备系统、改造磨煤机离合器气源供给管线、以及实施两套空分加温空气管道的连通项目,优化了工艺流程,降低了国产低温深冷分离设备的能耗,提高了装置安全运行的能力。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。