TiAl合金表面等离子渗铬工艺

用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在TiAl合金表面渗入铬元素,形成合金层。研究了温度、气压、源极电压、阴极电压等工艺参数对渗层成分、厚度及显微组织的影响。结果表明,在源极电压700V、阴极电压450-280V、极间距18mm、试样温度1050℃、工作气压25Pa和保温时间4h的工艺参数条件下,渗铬层厚度可达60μm,渗层成分呈梯度分布,表面硬度明显提高。     

纯铜双层辉光离子渗镍研究

介绍了采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术在纯铜表面制备Cu-Ni合金层的新方法,讨论了Cu-Ni合金层的组织、成分和性能特点,分析了辉光放电条件、源极溅射率及表面金属势对Cu-Ni合金层形成过程的影响.试验结果表明渗层厚度及渗层质量与辉光放电条件有关,在保证渗金属温度的前提下,应尽可能提高源极电压,降低试件电压.此外,该工艺还具有渗速快、效率高、无污染等优点.     

Ti6Al4V表面双层辉光等离子渗铬及渗层的抗高温氧化性能

钛合金常规表面改性技术多存在与基体结合强度差的不足,采用双层辉光等离子渗铬则可解决这一问题。为此,利用双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术对Ti6Al4V合金表面渗铬,通过正交试验优选了最优渗铬工艺主参数,对渗层的抗高温氧化性能进行了研究。从渗层厚度和与基体结合强度方面得到了最优工艺参数：源极电压950V,工件电压400V,气压...     

钛铝基合金离子碳氮共渗及其耐磨性的研究

为提高TiAl基合金的耐磨性及抗高温氧化性,利用渗氮在TiAl基合金表面形成氮化物,以提高耐磨性;渗碳形成致密且与基体结合牢固的碳化物层,提高抗高温、抗氧化性;将二者结合,采用辉光离子碳氮共渗的方法,研究了渗层的相结构组成、不同工艺参数对TiAl基合金离子碳氮共渗后渗层厚度以及表面硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果表明:TiAl基合金共渗层是由碳氮化合物层与过渡层组成的复合相结构;随共渗温度的升高和时间的延长,渗层厚度增加;与未经共渗处理的试样相比,表面硬度及耐磨性显著提高.X射线衍射结果显示,渗层主要由TiC,TiN,AlTi3,Al2O3等组成.     

热处理工艺参数对13Cr11Ni2W2MoV渗氮组织及性能的影响

该文对13Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢材料进行气体渗氮,用金相显微镜观察渗层氮化物组织形态,用显微硬度计检测渗层表面硬度,研究渗氮温度、渗氮时间、Kn值对渗层组织形态和表面硬度的影响。结果表明,渗氮工艺参数中,Kn值对渗层组织形态和表面硬度影响较大,当渗氮温度为600℃,Kn值降低到0.18,渗氮时间为8 h时,可获得完整、致密的渗层氮化物组织和890 HV的表面硬度,并且随着渗氮时间的延长,渗氮层厚度逐渐增加。     

液体渗氮工艺对CrNiMo钢渗层厚度和硬度的影响

为了探讨无毒液体渗氮工艺对CrNiMo钢渗层的效果,采用正交试验方法研究了氮化温度、氮化时间和尿素添加量对CrNiMo钢液体渗氮层的脆性、渗层厚度和硬度的影响.结果表明,尿素添加量是影响渗层脆性和硬度的主要因素,氮化时间是影响渗层厚度的主要因素,氮化温度对渗层厚度和硬度的影响较小.最优渗氮工艺为570℃,氮化时间5 h,尿素添加量为50 g/h,此时渗层厚度为0.235mm,最高硬度为920HV,脆性级别为1级.     

空气流量对45钢离子氧氮共渗的影响

首次采用空气、氮气和氢气混合气源对45钢进行离子氧氮共渗,并研究空气流量对渗速和组织性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、电化学工作站对处理后的45钢进行测试和分析。研究结果表明,在离子氧氮共渗过程中添加适量的空气比传统离子氧氮共渗有显著的优势,其中空气流量为0.2 L/min时获得最佳渗层厚度与耐蚀性。温度550℃、保温4h工艺条件下,渗层厚度达到约60μm,是传统离子渗氮的2倍以上;耐腐蚀性也比传统离子渗氮有进一步提高。0.2 L/min的空气流量得到的铁氧化合物主要是Fe_3O_4,空气流量≥0.4 L/min时,Fe_2O_3相增加,氮氧共渗效果变差。     

H13钢气体氮化工艺参数的优化

运用正交试验法,研究H13钢气体渗氮工艺.以获得较高表面硬度和渗层厚度为依据,分析影响渗氮层结构和性能的主要工艺因素,确定出最佳工艺参数.采用光学显微镜及X射线衍射研究渗氮层的组织结构,采用显微硬度计测定化合物层的显微硬度.结果表明,影响渗氮层硬度和厚度的主要因素是渗氮温度和氛气分解率,最大渗层厚度为244.3μm,最...     

离子渗氮温度对W9Mo3Cr4V钢渗层组织及性能的影响

目前,国内外对搅拌头材料W9Mo3Cr4V钢离子渗氮表面改性研究不多。采用金相分析、显微硬度测量、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了离子渗氮温度对W9Mo3Cr4V钢搅拌头显微组织和性能的影响,从而得出制备高硬度耐磨氮化层搅拌头的合适的离子渗氮温度。结果表明:经离子渗氮的W9Mo3Cr4V钢搅拌头表层获得了主要由ε相(Fe3N)和γ’相(Fe4N)组成的均匀渗氮层,且随着从表面到基体距离的增加,渗氮层的硬度呈现平缓的硬度梯度分布;480~560℃范围内,随离子渗氮温度升高,渗氮层厚度不断增加,渗氮层硬度也不断提高;ε相(Fe3N)衍射峰随离子渗氮温度升高而逐渐降低,γ’相(Fe_4N)衍射峰则呈逐渐升高的趋势。渗氮层厚度ζ与渗氮温度T的关系满足ζ=3.85×108e-9 141/T·τ。     

离子渗氮时Ti—6Al—4V表面粗糙度的影响

利用直流辉光放电化学处理方法对工业用Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金进行离子渗氮处理，主要研究了不同温度，不同时间条件下钛合金表面粗糙度的变化情况。研究结果表明，高温离子渗氮在一定程度上使钛合金的表面粗糙义变差，其中离子渗氮温度影响比较明显。     

Verschleißschutz und Korrosionsbeständigkeit von austenitischem Stahl durch Plasmadiffusions behandlung

In this paper, we report on a series of experiments designed to study the influence of plasma nitriding on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel. Plasma nitriding experiments were conducted on AISI 304L steel in a temperature range of 375‐475°C using pulsed‐DC plasma with different N ₂‐H ₂ gas mixtures and treatment times. First of all, the formation and the microstructure of the modified layer will be highlighted followed by the results of hardness measurement, adhesion testing, wear resistance and fatigue life tests. In addition the corrosion resistance of the modified layer is described. The microhardness after plasma nitriding is increased by a factor of five compared to the untreated material. The adhesion is examined by Rockwell indentation and scratch test. No delamination of the treated layer could be observed. The wear rate after plasma nitriding is significantly reduced compared to the untreated material. Plasma nitriding produces compressive stress within the modified layer. This treatment improves the fatigue life which can be raised by a factor of ten at a low stress level. The results show that plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel is a suitable process for improving the mechanical and the technological properties without significantly effecting the excellent corrosion resistance of this material.     

Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of a Plasma Radical Nitrided SCM440 Steel

Plasma radical nitriding was performed to harden the surface of SCM440 steel for 1-10 h at temperature range of 450-550℃. This process involved the use of NH3 gas instead of N2 gas employed for the well-established plasma nitriding method. No compound layer was formed during this process except the experiment carried out at 500℃ for 10 h. The main phase produced in the diffusion zone was identified to be γ＇-Fe4（N, C）. A diffusion depth increased with increasing treatment temperature and time （up to about 250 μm）. The surface hardness of radical nitrided layer was about two times higher than that of the untreated surface. The tensile test was carried out to estimate the mechanical properties of surface-hardened SCM440 steel prepared at various plasma radical nitriding treatment time and temperature. The influence of radical nitriding treatment on the tensile strength of the specimen was found to be insignificant. The highest value of the ultimate tensile strength was obtained in the experiment carried out at 500℃ for 1 h. However, the elongation was greatly affected by the radical nitriding processing parameters. The maximum value of elongation, which is equal to about 18.1%, was also obtained under the condition of 500℃ for 1 h.     

W18Cr4V高速钢离子渗氮层相结构与脆性研究

采用X射线衍射仪,金相显微镜及透射电镜分析W18Cr4V高速钢离子渗氮层相结构,采用连续加载压入法测定渗氮层脆性,分析了渗氮工艺对渗层相结构与脆性的影响。结果表明:离子渗氮工艺影响渗层相结构、含量及其分布,从而影响渗层脆性。     

TVibological Behavior of TiN and TiAIN Deposited on Substrates Plasma Nitrided at Low Pressure

Binary and ternary compounds of TiN and (Ti,Al)N were deposited by magnetron sputtering over low pressure plasma nitrided layer. Tribological behavior under dry-sliding conditions was evaluated with pin-on-ring test machine. The significant process parameters, friction coefficient and contact temperature, were checked with a modern measurement line that includes computer for acquisition and processing of data and monitoring the wear process. The wear zone morphology and characteristics of surface layer structure as well as important properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) of the wear-scars on pins provided essential information on the wear characteristics. Based on all results the correlation between the surface structure and tribological wear characteristics were explained. It was concluded that formation of the plasma nitrided layer at low pressure, beneath a TiN and (Ti,Al)N over coating, is important in determining the use of hard coating for reducing the wear. An excellent coating to substrate adhesion and low friction coefficient was found to be significant factor influencing the use of plasma nitriding at low pressure.     

Effects of DC plasma nitriding parameters on microstructure and properties of 304L stainless steel

A wear-resistant nitrided layer was formed on a 304L austenitic stainless steel substrate by DC plasma nitriding. Effects of DC plasma nitriding parameters on the structural phases, micro-hardness and dry-sliding wear behavior of the nitrided layer were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, micro-hardness testing and ring-on-block wear testing. The results show that the highest surface hardness over a case depth of about 10 µm is obtained after nitriding at 460 °C. XRD indicated a single expanded austenite phase and a single CrN nitride phase were formed at 350 °C and 480 °C, respectively. In addition, the S-phase layers formed on the samples provided the best dry-sliding wear resistance under the ring-on-block contact configuration test.     

Influence of increased voltage on the nitriding zone during plasma nitriding

Plasma nitriding is an established process for increasing the corrosion and wear resistance of steel. However, the possibilities of modern developments in the field of high-voltage plasma power supplies have been hardly investigated. For example, modern plasma generators allow improved arc management, which enable plasma nitriding at higher voltages. In the present work, the influence of increased voltage (up to 800 V) on the nitriding of a ferritic steel X38CrMoV5-1 was investigated. It was found that the thickness of the compound layer increases with increasing voltage. Especially at short process times the increased voltage leads to increased growth. An increase in the nitriding depth was also observed. Furthermore, the increased voltage has an effect on the composition of the compound layer too. A moderate increase in ϵ-nitride in the compound layer was observed. One explanation for the observed behavior is the over proportional increase in power with increasing voltage, indicating an increased ionization rate of the plasma. Due to this, more diffusible species would be available for nitriding. The presented results could be used to reduce process times, particularly where the formation of a compound layer is the aim of the process. An example of such a process is oxy-nitriding.     

铀表面脉冲辉光等离子氮化初步研究

采用脉冲辉光等离子体离子氮化技术对贫铀表面进行了氮化处理,采用俄歇电子能谱(AES)对氮化层进行元素深度剖析,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氮化层组织结构进行了分析表征。结果表明:脉冲偏压-900 V,工作氮分压50 Pa、100 Pa,氮化时间2.5 h~4 h下在贫铀表面能获得约20μm厚的氮化层,氮化层为U2N3的单一立方结构且均匀致密,脉冲辉光等离子氮化技术能在贫铀表面实现氮化。     

Mikrostrukturelle und röntgenographische Analysen an einem plasmanitrierten Schnellarbeitsstahl

Microstructural analysis of a plasmanitrided tool steel by means of metallography and X‐ray diffraction Nitriding leads to improved tribological and corrosive properties of iron alloy components. In order to study the effect of plasma nitriding parameters on the structure of compound layer and diffusion zone, a systematic variation of process parameters, temperature and process gas atmosphere has been carried out. Metallographic inspection, X‐ray diffraction and Glow Discharge Optical Spectroscopy analysis (GDOES) were used in this investigation. The results clarified that depending on the amount of nitrogen in the gas atmosphere nitrided layers with and without compound layer can be generated in the surface of M2 tool steel for temperatures from 350°C to 500°C. For plasma nitriding in 5 vol.% Nitrogen and 95 vol.% Hydrogen no compact compound layer was formed. The gas mixture of 76 vol.% Nitrogen resulted in compound layer formation for all temperatures from 350°C to 500°C. X‐ray phase analysis indicated an almost 100% ε‐(carbo)nitride phase but the existence of the γ′‐(carbo)nitride could not be excluded completely from the X‐ray phase diagrams. After corrections to account for the nitrogen gradient, high compressive surface residual stresses have been measured in the diffusion zone. They increased with temperature. After a qualitative correction for chemical composition gradients high tensile residual stresses were found probably existing in the ε‐(carbo)nitride phase for the investigated plasma nitrided tool steel samples.     

Chemical vapour deposition of titanium nitride on plasma nitrided steel

Ferritic and austenitic nitriding by the plasma nitriding technique were investigated for the modification of steel substrates prior to the chemical vapour deposition of titanium nitride at 1273 K. It was confirmed that prenitriding enhances the growth of the titanium nitride layer and it was found that a TiN coating can be formed using substrate derived nitrogen only. Control of porosity, arising during austenitic nitriding, was investigated and it was found that in practice this phenomenon could not be avoided.