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1.
针对淮河流域沙颍河因污染水体集中下泄导致淮河干流多次出现突发性的水污染事件,基于在沙颍河开展的实验工作,借助SMS软件中的RAM2和RAM4模块,对沙颍河下游的颍上闸到淮河干流鲁台子间的河段进行数值模拟,研究颍上闸下泄流量对淮河干流水质的影响。结果表明,根据颍上闸的水质合理地调整闸的下泄流量,能有效减少汛前颍上闸下泄水量而造成淮河干流突发性水污染事件的发生概率,从而为淮河流域开展闸坝防污调度提供技术支持。  相似文献   

2.
采用线性关系和非线性关系对沙颍河流域的地下水退水曲线进行拟合对比,基于改进的SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型对沙颍河流域径流过程进行模拟,并采用Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数、百分比偏差及确定系数等3个指标对模拟效果进行评价,在此基础上,分析沙颍河流域径流过程的年内和年际变化特征。结果表明:沙颍河流域地下水退水曲线非线性关系拟合比线性拟合效果好,基于此建立的模型模拟结果较好;沙颍河流域地表径流、壤中流和基流分别占径流量的55.5%、25.4%和19.1%,冬季径流主要由基流补给,径流年内分配与降水变化基本一致,具有明显的季节变化和不均匀性;1961-2014年径流量呈上升趋势,地表径流和基流的波动与径流的变化基本一致,呈上升趋势;1961-2014年壤中流呈下降趋势。  相似文献   

3.
为探究水文模拟结果对总径流、地表径流和地下径流(基流)的影响,首先采用Mann-Kendall检验方法识别出■头水文站水文序列突变点,然后构建北洛河流域TOPMODEL水文模型,最后采用数字滤波方法分别对模拟水文过程和实测水文过程进行基流分割,并定量分析水文模型模拟结果对地表径流和地下径流的影响。结果表明:①北洛河流域径流突变年份为1994年;②率定期和验证期纳什效率系数、可决系数和相对误差绝对值分别为0.69与0.63、0.87与0.82以及18.5%与13.4%;③率定期基流指数大于验证期且大于0.75,这意味着北洛河流域基流量对河川径流的补给作用显著;④模型在非汛期径流的模拟精度优于汛期的,能够为非汛期的基流分割提供依据;⑤不同时期基流量水文过程线起伏差异较大,但其形状基本与径流过程线保持一致。  相似文献   

4.
闸坝调控下重污染河流污染物迁移规律研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
以沙颍河槐店闸为研究对象,构建了闸坝调控作用下二维水动力-污染物迁移模型,根据试验获取的数据对模型进行率定和检验。结果表明:闸坝的存在对河流水环境系统具有一定负面影响,但是合理的闸坝调控能够改善河流水质,减小突发性水污染事故发生的概率;该模型可以有效地模拟计算闸坝调控作用下污染物的迁移过程。  相似文献   

5.
利用MIKE 11模型系统模拟淮河、沙颍河、洪河、涡河和淠河的洪水演进和水质变化过程。水动力学模型的流量模拟值与实测值吻合较好,除了某些闸坝附近的水文站,大多数水文站的模拟水位与实测水位值一致。水质模型模拟COD、氨氮和溶解氧浓度,考虑到各种不确定性因素,认为水质模拟结果与实测值的误差在允许范围之内。闸坝调控方案分析了蚌埠闸、周口闸和横排头闸分别增加流量对下游河段水质浓度的影响,淠河六安市以下河段,通过增加横排头坝下流量,其水质有显著改善,而通过增加流量对沙颍河和淮河(吴家渡)水质改善效果不明显。因此,只有在确保污染源达标排放的同时,进一步削减污染物的入河排污量,才能有效地改善淮河干流及淮北支流的水环境污染现状。  相似文献   

6.
分布式水文模型PRMS(The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System)考虑了降水、气候和土地利用等因素,可模拟产流、产沙等描述流域水和物质循环的重要变量。利用沙颍河实测流量资料对建立的PRMS模型进行了校正和验证,据此模拟了该流域城镇化和闸坝工程对沙颍河流量的影响,结果表明:城镇化使地面不透水面积增加,导致流域蒸散量和降雨入渗减少,产流量增加,而闸坝等水工建筑物改变了流域水资源的时空分配,减弱了自然径流量的波动性,增加了水面蒸发,使流域径流量峰值减小,径流洪峰滞后。城镇化和闸坝对河流径流的影响在枯水年尤为明显。  相似文献   

7.
基于选取的淮河中上游5条河流,11个断面的典型鱼类调查资料以及长系列(1956年-2000年)天然和实测逐月径流数据,运用流速法(最小,平均,最大)、月最小径流法、逐月频率法设定四种生态流量的计算方案。首先,根据Tennant法提出针对丰、平、枯、特枯四种年型和年内汛期、非汛期差异的生径比标准。然后,根据流速法三种计算结果满足生径比标准的情况选取合理的生态流量计算方案。研究表明:5条河流的最小和适宜生径比大小关系均为涡河沙颍河淮河干流淠河洪汝河;满足生径比标准的难易程度为洪汝河淮河干流淠河沙颍河涡河。涡河、沙颍河生态需水满足程度低,应提高生态用水比例。  相似文献   

8.
沙颍河流量和水质对淮河污染的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
沙颍河是淮河最大的一级支流 ,其废污水量和CODCr的排放量分别占淮河干流的 4 0 %以上。1989年以来 ,淮河干流共发生 5次较大的污染 ,都与沙颍河有关。针对这 5次污染情况 ,对沙颍河污水入淮前后水量、水质进行综合分析 ,说明污染发生的原因 ,找出沙颍河对淮河形成污染的时间规律 ,流量与水质的对比关系 ,以便于调整淮河与沙颍河水闸防污调控试行方案 ,防止淮河发生突发性污染。  相似文献   

9.
海流兔河近50年来基流变化特征分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
基流是枯水期河流的主要补给来源,对干旱半干旱区的河流尤其重要.在沙漠半沙漠区,河流基流还对维持脆弱的生态系统中发挥重要作用.对河流基流变化分析,可为流域水资源保护以及合理的利用和开发提供依据.本文基于半干旱风沙滩地区海流兔河1957年到2007年的实测流量资料,采用递归数字滤波法对该站的流量过程进行了基流分割,研究了海流兔河年基流量和基流指数(BFI)的年内、年际变化特征;用M-K非参数检验法分析了基流量和BFI的变化趋势.结果表明,海流兔流域基流占径流比重较大,年均径流、基流都呈减少趋势,径流年内分配均匀、基流则表现为先减少后增加,BFI年际、年内变化都较均匀,没有明显的增加或减少趋势;情势变化指数法(RSI)检测出基流在1966、1986年存在突变点,径流在1968、1989、2001年发生突变.  相似文献   

10.
为了有效保障淮河干流阜阳段生态系统需水要求,根据淮河阜阳段鲁台子站1973—2017年实测流量资料,采用基流比例法、Tennant法、最枯月平均流量多年平均值法及90%保证率法,对淮河中游阜阳段生态基流进行了分析计算。综合对比分析各种生态基流计算结果认为,淮河阜阳段生态基流为67.17~201.52 m~3/s;除特枯年外,其生态基流保障程度基本能达到90%,结果比较符合实际。生态基流上限值占多年平均流量的32%,为了使河流健康状况达到更好水平,还需采取生态调度、跨流域调水等措施,实施引江济淮工程等,逐步提高生态基流值,从而保障生态环境安全。  相似文献   

11.
Conclusions  
1.  It is necessary to calculate the strength of branches of penstocks by the finite-element method with the use of programs taking into account sufficiently completely the complex stress—strain state as well as the physical and mechanical properties of the material of the structure.
2.  When designing branches with large parameters it is expedient to use high-strength, sufficiently ductile, readily weldable steels with ultrasonic testing of the continuity of the rolled sheets.
3.  When calculating penstocks and branches concreted in mine workings it is necessary to examine their coaction with the surrounding concrete, and also it is recommended to take into account the unloading effect of the passive pressure of the surrounding rock mass.
4.  The loaded forks should be manufactured according to a special production plan of assembly and welding operations with the use of a technology providing a sufficiently low level of residual welding stresses.
5.  Check assembly and marking of the structural members during manufacture of bulky shaped elements of penstocks and forks as well as quality control of the welded joints during enlargement are necessary conditions of achieving a high quality of operating reliability which rule out losses of time when assembling the members.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 3, pp. 50–52, March, 1998.  相似文献   

12.

In the Ministry of Power and Electrification of the USSR

In the board of the Ministry of Power and Electrification of the USSR and Presidium of the Trade Union Central Committee  相似文献   

13.
Conclusions  
1.  The result of on-site observations of the behavior of section joints and horizontal displacements as well as of the stress state of the dam and strains of the rock foundation show that individual sections of the dam, primarily at high elevations, are able to shift relative to one another both in longitudinal and transverse directions. It is admissible to assume the existence of only constant local force contacts between the heads of individual sections.
2.  A geodynamic effect on the structures from the surrounding rock masses undoubtedly takes place. However, the level of this effect and the reaction of the structure to it according to the data given in [2] with respect to the stress-strain state of the dam and foundation cannot be considered substantiated.
3.  The actual characteristics of the geodynamic effect on the structure can be determined only after eliminating other factors influencing the monitored indices of its state. The values of the indices of the state of the structure should be determined with the use of a mathematical model of its behavior, with consideration of the entire spectrum of loads and climatic effects applied to it.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 47–52, May, 1999.  相似文献   

14.
The use of the main methods of calculating Kc in practice guarantees an accuracy of the calculation within
  相似文献   

15.
The concrete dam and rock foundation of the Zeya hydroelectric station after operating for 6 years, during which the reservoir was filled to the NPL and in some years somewhat exceeded it, is in a satisfactory state.
2.  The behavior of the dam under the effect of the operating loads and climatic factors correspond to the design assumptions.
3.  The indices of the state of the Zeya buttress dam give grounds to state that dams of the given type are prospective for use under conditions of a harsh climate.
Translated fromGidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 9–13, May, 1993.  相似文献   

16.
Conclusions  
1.  The plan of arrangement of the monitoring and measuring instruments on hydraulic structures of the Sayano-Shushenskoe hydrostation, developed on the basis of an approximate calculated prediction of the SSS of the dam — foundation system without consideration of the technology of constructing the dam and structural and tectonic features of the rock foundations did not meet the requirements of present-day monitoring and needed substantial expansion.
2.  The installation of additional measuring instruments was done with consideration of the real scheme of the static behavior of the dam and foundation and with consideration of the need to monitor the technological measures being taken to restore the solidity of the dam and foundation.
3.  Nontraditional approaches to problems of monitoring hydraulic structures, automation of on-site observations, and the development and introduction of information display programs made it possible to increase the reliability and promptness of monitoring and to monitor the state of the dam at a modern level.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 9, pp. 32–34, September, 1998.  相似文献   

17.
To better understand zooplankton dynamics in Lake Ontario’s Toronto Harbour and adjacent coastal area (CA), we sampled zooplankton, phytoplankton, nutrients and physical parameters on six dates in 2016. Despite higher levels of nutrients, chlorophyll and primary production in the inner harbor (IH), the areas supported similar May to November zooplankton biomass (IH = 32 ± 7 and CA = 42 ± 10 mg/m3). IH values were much lower than other nutrient-enriched embayments in Lake Ontario, yet CA biomass was twice that of nearshore sites away from Toronto. Small zooplankton such as rotifers and Bosmina dominated IH; and large taxa (Daphnia, calanoids and predatory cladocerans) were more important in the CA. Daphnia, Bosmina, cyclopoids and calanoids were larger in the CA, and adult cyclopoids had higher egg ratios. This led to low annual IH production estimates for both cyclopoid and calanoid copepods. Total phosphorus and chlorophyll did not appear to regulate zooplankton biomass, but positive relationships were found with bacterial biomass in the IH and with temperature in the cool season. Atypically high fish planktivory rates likely suppressed larger IH zooplankton in 2016, allowing small, resilient Bosmina to flourish and contribute 84% of total production in the IH. Comparing 2016 data to previous zooplankton surveys revealed considerable inter-annual variation in proportions of Daphnia, Bosmina and predatory cladocerans over the 1994 to 2016 period, and the strong top-down controls observed in 2016 were not typical. Elevated microbial production may serve as an important alternate trophic pathway supporting cladoceran populations in Toronto Harbour.  相似文献   

18.
1.  The most substantial and sharp changes in the state of the rock-concrete contact appeared beginning in 1985 after reaching 76% of the design hydrostatic load.
2.  Opening of the rock-concrete contact is distinguished by a nonuniform rate of change with time and nonuniform distribution of the amplitude of opening along the front of the dam, which reflects the complex interaction the dam with the foundation and effect of inhomogeneity of the foundation and different technological conditions of placing the contact concrete.
3.  Opening of the rock-concrete contact is accompanied by substantial changes in stresses and strains in the rock and concrete of the contact zone and in the piezometric heads in the foundation, reflecting structural changes in it during interaction of the dam with the foundation.
4.  In addition to the effect, which occurs for all types of concrete dams on a rock foundation, of technological factors and design differences of individual parts of the dam on the behavior of the contact zone of the foundation and concrete of the Sayano-Shushenskoe dam, also noted are such features as active opening of the rock-concrete contact over the entire length of the channel part of the foundation, presence of signs of hanging of the arch on the first columns on the banks, and a special stress state of the concrete in the lower part of the upstream face, which can be a reflection of the design features of the gravity-arch dam.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 44–49, October, 1991.  相似文献   

19.
1.  Practically all measures related to the creation of reservoirs take into account problems of the rational use of natural resources; the implementation of these measures will reduce or minimize the adverse effect of reservoirs on the environment.
2.  It remains to perform extensive research, including long-term observations on existing reservoirs, in order to gain greater knowledge about the interaction of reservoirs with the environment, which will permit developing measures whose accomplishment will reduce still more their adverse effect on the environment and in some cases will lead to an increase in the natural resources of our country.
  相似文献   

20.
1.  Results of full-scale observations of overall displacements of the dam, the behavior of joints between sections, settlements of the rock base, and seepage processes in the dam and its base indicate good technical condition of the structure noted throughout the 20 years of its operation.
2.  Indices of the operating structure's condition, on the whole, correspond to design expectations.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 11, pp. 37–41, November, 1992.  相似文献   

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