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为了防止相变过程中材料的泄漏,采用原位聚合法制备了以十五烷(Pen)为芯材,脲醛树脂(UF)为壁材的低温相变微胶囊。研究了升温速率、聚合pH值和聚合转速对微胶囊制备的影响,采用SEM、FT-IR、DSC和马尔文激光粒度仪测试了微胶囊的形貌、化学构成、热力学性质和粒径分布。升温速率为1.0℃/min、聚合pH值为3.5和聚合转速500 r/min为十五烷微胶囊的最佳制备条件,在此条件下制备的微胶囊球形形貌明显,表面光滑,仅有少数UF颗粒粘附,粒径分布均匀,相变温度和相变潜热分别为8.20℃和115.3 J/g,平均粒径为50.0μm,包裹率达到77.3%。实验结果表明,芯材和壁材仅为简单的物理嵌合,具有良好的储热性能和热稳定性。以不同质量分数的乙醇溶液为基液分散十五烷微胶囊,采用24 h静置实验得到了稳定的潜热型功能流体(LHFF),LHFF在乙醇含量为70%的基液中最为稳定。采用导热系数测定仪和旋转黏度计对LHFF的导热率和黏度进行测试分析表明,LHFF的导热率随着温度的升高而增加,随着微胶囊的添加量的增加而逐步降低。LHFF的黏度随着温度的升高而逐步减小,随着微胶囊的添加量增加而逐步升高。潜热型功能流体作为空调系统的载冷剂,提高了制冷机组的性能,降低泵的输送能耗,提高了蓄冷空调系统的经济性。 相似文献
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在一台35t/hCFB锅炉上进行了炉内加石灰石脱硫工业实验研究。得出燃烧福建Ⅱ类无烟煤时Ca/S比和石灰石粒度分布对脱硫效率和炉内各温度等运行参数的影响。对实验结果进行分析并提出了燃用福建Ⅱ类无烟煤的CFB锅炉实际采用炉内脱硫工艺所适用的Ca/S比和石灰石粒度分布。 相似文献
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《热能动力工程》2016,31(2)
提出了一种旋转热管形式的反应釜装置,旋转热管搅拌桨起到了搅拌和传热的作用,能够取代传统反应釜中的换热元件和搅拌装置。通过对旋转热管反应釜的传热性能测试,考察了反应釜内温度、旋转速度、冷却水流速以及热管充液量对热管传输功率、总热阻、总传热系数的影响。结果表明,采用旋转热管能够有效的移除反应热,反应温度为85℃,转速为200 r/min的条件下传热功率能达到1 k W。转速对旋转热管的传热性能有较大影响,反应温度为75℃时,静止热管的热阻为0.082℃/W,转速为150 r/min时热阻则降为0.048℃/W,传热能力显著提升。此外充液量较小时热管热阻对转速的变化更敏感,随反应温度的提升会大幅降低。 相似文献
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在SDTQ600差热-热重联用仪上对石灰立窑代焦型煤试样进行了热重分析,研究了不同升温速率对其燃烧特性的影响,并以5℃/min的升温速率将型煤、焦炭和无烟煤块煤试样进行对比。利用马弗炉研究了单颗粒代焦型煤的燃烧速率。结果表明,代焦型煤的燃烧过程经历了干燥预热、挥发份析出、碳粒燃烧和残碳燃尽4个阶段;随着升温速率的增加,代焦型煤燃烧各阶段的反应时间缩短,反应速率加快;当升温速率由5℃/min提高至10和15℃/min时,代焦型煤的着火时间由28.12min下降至14.01和10.13min,其燃尽时间也由36.82min下降至27.59和22.47min。通过对比,型煤在着火、稳燃性能及综合燃烧特性方面最好,而燃尽性能居中;代焦型煤、焦炭与无烟煤块煤3种试样的综合燃烧指数分别为53.25×10-9、30.14×10-9和11.53×10-9。燃烧温度对型煤燃烧速率影响较小,而型煤尺寸对后期燃烧速率影响较明显,减小型煤尺寸可增大燃烧速率;相同条件下,代焦型煤的燃烧速率低于焦炭而高于无烟煤块煤。实验结果可为石灰立窑型煤代焦提供指导。 相似文献
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研究了一种基于声阻原理的测量液体中毫米级气泡粒度、速度并能同时计数的方法。超声波在含气泡液体中传播时,由于气泡和液体间声阻抗差极大,致使其在气泡表面发生强烈反射/散射,阻碍了声波通过。利用频率为200 kHz的超声连续波,采用一发一收式测量,对某润滑油中的气泡进行测量,实验中气泡大小为2~6 mm,速度在0.10~0.30 m·s~(-1)之间,气泡通过测量区的频率为5~10 Hz。通过分析实验数据的波形幅值与气泡粒度、波形转变时间与气泡速度、通过数之间的对应关系,并利用图像法进行了标定和校验。实验结果表明,利用连续超声波可以测得油中连续通过的气泡,其原理和测量装置简单,测量结果稳定。 相似文献
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在某款1.4L自然吸气两用燃料发动机上进行台架试验,用DMS500快速颗粒分析仪在发动机转速为4000r/min不同进气压力工况下,对汽油和压缩天然气(compressed natural gas, CNG)的颗粒物排放特性进行采样分析。试验结果表明,两种燃料的总体颗粒物数量(particle number, PN)和颗粒物质量(particle mass, PM)浓度均随进气压力的增大呈先减小后增大的趋势。不同进气压力下CNG的PN和PM排放较为稳定,PN中核态颗粒物占比较大,在粒径约200nm处颗粒物表面积浓度出现峰值。燃用汽油的排放颗粒物中积聚态占主导,因而其PM浓度比燃用CNG的大,其颗粒物的表面积浓度也更大,最大表面积浓度出现在颗径约100nm处。 相似文献
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乙醇/柴油混合燃料喷雾粒度分布特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用激光粒度分析仪对乙醇/柴油混合燃料稳态自由喷雾粒度分布进行了试验研究,并就不同喷油压力、喷孔直径对乙醇、柴油及乙醇/柴油混合燃料稳态自由喷雾粒度分布的影响进行了对比研究。试验结果表明:各种燃料喷雾索特平均直径(SMD)的空间分布沿喷雾轴线均呈逐渐减小的趋势,其中柴油喷雾的SMD在20~40μm范围内变化,乙醇喷雾较柴油喷雾具有更小的SMD,且其空间分布较为均匀;随着乙醇含量的增加,乙醇/柴油混合燃料喷雾的SMD不断减小,其SMD大小和空间分布均匀性介于柴油喷雾和乙醇喷雾之间。 相似文献
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This paper discusses the factors influencing the evolution of particle size during the combustion of pulverized coal, as well as their consequences for the interpretation of burnout curves. A detailed experimental characterization of the evolution of the particle size distribution (PSD) of a pulverized coal (anthracite) burned under realistic conditions in an entrained flow reactor is presented and used as the reference data for the subsequent analysis. The data show evidence for particle fragmentation at relatively short times (or, equivalently, high unburnt fractions). The formation of fragments comparable in size to the parent coal/char particles is modeled with a simple fragmentation scheme, which results in an improved reproduction of the PSD's evolution. The effects of fragmentation on the burnout curves are then studied in detail. An enhancement of their curvature is observed, which results in a better fit of the experimental data; in particular, the high conversion range, where the largest discrepancies between predictions and measurements are usually found, is well reproduced with this “extended” model. Simultaneously, the increase of specific surface caused by particle fragmentation causes an increase in the conversion rate, and a smaller total conversion time. To fit the experimental data, new optimal kinetic parameters are calculated. Finally, the potential relevance of fragmentation in the simulation of industrial pf plants is discussed. 相似文献
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The combustion of aluminum particle dust in a laminar air flow is theoretically studied under fuel-lean conditions. A wide range of particle sizes at nano and micron scales is explored. The flame speed and temperature distribution are obtained by numerically solving the energy equation in the flame zone, with the particle burning rate modeled as a function of particle diameter and ambient temperature. The model allows for investigation into the effects of particle size, equivalence ratio, and chemical kinetics on the burning characteristics and flame structures of aluminum-particle/air mixtures. In addition, the flame behavior with ultra-fine particles in the sub-nanometer range is examined by asymptotically treating particles as large molecules. Calculated flame speeds show reasonable agreement with experimental data. As the particle diameter decreases from the micron to the nano range, the flame speed increases and the combustion transits from a diffusion-controlled to a kinetically controlled mode. For micron-sized and larger particles, the flame speed can be correlated with the particle size according to a d−m relationship, with m being 0.92. For nano-particles, a d−0.52 or d−0.13 dependence is obtained, depending on whether the d1.0- or d0.3-law of particle burning time is implemented in the flame model, respectively. No universal law of flame speed exists for the entire range of particle sizes. 相似文献
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A gelcasting process has been developed to fabricate tubular NiO/YSZ anode-support for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) successfully. The rheological behaviors of the ceramic particle suspensions for gelcasting were investigated as a function of the process parameters, such as the amount of pore former, pH value, dispersant concentration, monomer concentration, ball-mill time and solid loading. The sintering shrinkage, microstructure, bending strength and electrical conductivity of the sintered specimens were examined. The tubular Ni/YSZ anode-support obtained under the optimized preparation conditions exhibited a porosity of 39.6%, mean pore size of below 0.9 μm, 482 s cm−1 in electrical conductivity at 700 °C, and the bending strength of 112.8 MPa, which can well meet the requirements for SOFCs. 相似文献