汽车用500 MPa级冷轧双相钢的生产实践

为了满足汽车制造业对500 MPa级冷轧双相钢汽车板的需求,河钢邯钢基于现有的高氢快冷设备和工艺特点,设计了一种C-Si-Mn成分体系,通过匹配合适的热轧和冷轧工艺,成功开发了低成本汽车用高强度冷轧双相钢HC300/500DP。试生产和用户使用结果表明,高强度冷轧双相钢HC300/500DP各项性能均满足相关标准要求和用户使用要求。     

日本汽车用高强度合金化热镀锌钢板的开发

近年来,日本汽车向减轻自重和受冲击时确保安全性等方向发展,已经开发出具有良好成形性能590ＭＰａ级的高强度钢板,其中有以铁素体为基础的马氏体组织双相钢,这种双相钢的重要特点是低屈服比。汽车受高速冲击时吸收能量高,这样同时可以满足汽车对高强度和安全性方面的要求。从防锈蚀出发,汽车上正在使用的各种镀锌钢板,其中具有高腐蚀性能和廉价合金化热镀锌钢板的使用量逐渐增多。但是,这种高强度钢板在现行合金化热镀锌工艺中获得含有马氏体双相钢是困难的。低碳冷轧钢板为得到双相钢组织,在退火工序中的双相区采取快速冷却可获得以铁素体…     

冷却工艺对DP590热轧双相钢组织及性能的影响

通过实验室轧制DP590热轧双相钢,研究了卷取温度、快冷温度对热轧双相钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果显示,快冷温度提高,马氏体含量显著增加,同时抗拉强度升高,延伸率下降;试验钢在550℃、600℃卷取时,随着卷取温度的升高热轧双相钢中马氏体含量下降,抗拉强度下降明显,延伸率提高。在600℃时得到的铁素体和马氏体比例合适,实现了抗拉强度600 MPa,屈强比0.5左右,延伸率22%以上的热轧双相钢,综合性能满足DP590热轧双相钢的要求。     

590 MPa级冷轧双相钢组织与性能研究

实验室进行了590 MPa级冷轧双相钢研制,研究了化学成分、轧制工艺和连续退火工艺,进行了力学性能测定和显微组织分析,结合试验结果分析了平整延伸率对钢带力学性能的影响。结果表明,试制的冷轧双相钢经820℃保温,缓冷至680℃,以 30℃/s速率冷却至270℃进行过时效处理,平整延伸率为0.8%,得到力学性能优良的冷轧双相钢,试验钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率分别为376 MPa、652 MPa、1%。     

汽车用冷轧超高强度双相钢的研发和生产

综述国内外汽车用冷轧超高强度双相钢的研究开发和生产工艺,包括冷轧超高强度双相、超高强度热镀锌双相钢的性能特点及成形性、高速冷却连退技术、锌淬技术等生产技术,提出汽车用冷轧超高强度双相钢的发展方向.     

马钢“高强度冷轧系列双相钢制造及应用技术”通过省重大科技攻关项目验收

<正>安徽省重大科技攻关项目"高强度冷轧系列双相钢制造及应用技术",是顺应汽车轻量化和高性能要求趋势,基于马钢先进的汽车板生产线及研发积淀而开展的攻关项目,利用马钢先进连续退火生产线在国内首家采用高H2喷气冷却控制技术,通过合理的退火工艺设计,开发出系列高强度冷轧双相钢产品;项目组开展汽车用高强度冷轧双相钢成形仿真、焊接、涂装磷化应用技术研究,填补了马钢在汽车用高强钢成形仿真、焊接、涂装磷化应用技术研究上的空白;并     

热镀锌380MPa级低合金高强钢的研发

为了满足汽车行业轻量化、高强度以及节能降耗的发展需求,包钢基于先进的设备和工艺特点,通过Nb、Ti微合金化的成分设计,配合合理的热轧控轧和酸轧镀锌工艺成功研发了汽车用热镀锌380 MPa级低合金高强钢HC380LAD+Z。生产结果和用户使用效果表明,高强度低合金钢HC380LAD+Z各项性能均满足EN 10346—2015标准要求和用户使用要求。     

包钢CSP“超快冷”系统及590MPa级C-Mn低成本热轧双相钢开发

介绍了包钢CSP线"超快冷"系统的建立和运行情况.在包钢CSP线采用轧后层流冷却和"超快冷"工艺,开发出厚度4～11 mm的590 MPa级C-Mn低成本热轧双相钢.主要力学性能优良,抗拉强度590～620 MPa,屈强比0.62～O.67,伸长率26%～36%,,n值0.21.简要分析了"超快冷"工艺对双相钢组织形成的作用.     

武钢高强汽车用钢板开发和应用研究进展

高强钢和先进制造技术是实现汽车轻量化制造的有效途径。武钢研制开发出了一系列的高强度汽车钢板,包括高强IF钢、烘烤硬化BH钢、高强低合金HSLA钢、双相DP钢、TRIP钢、TWIP钢等的冷轧连退、热镀锌钢板,以及强度1 300 MPa级及以上的热冲压成形钢板,满足汽车整车制造需求。同时,武钢积极开展用户技术研究,通过先期介入EVI技术服务,以及热冲压成形、柔性辊压成形等先进制造技术开发,为汽车轻量化设计与制造提供支持。     

590 MPa热轧酸洗汽车轮辐用钢的研发

介绍了河钢唐钢590 MPa热轧酸洗汽车车轮轮辐用钢的化学成分和冶炼、控轧控冷工艺制度的制订,并表征了实际试制钢板的组织与性能。工业试验结果表明,结合河钢唐钢1580生产线特点,采用Nb微合金化的成分设计,采取分段冷却和中温卷取工艺,能够实现用户要求的抗拉强度≥590 M Pa,并且产品具有良好的冷成形性能,能够有效实现车轮的轻量化。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.