山地校园轴线的空间营造研究——以香港科技大学为例

轴线这一设计手法在校园规划中很常见,而山地地形往往对轴线设计有着很大的影响。本文以香港科技大学为例,研究其校园轴线。对轴线空间中各部分的空间处理和整个轴线的空间序列进行分析。研究其轴线怎样控制校园空间。以此方式探讨山地校园轴线的空间营造方法。     

大学校园空间轴线设计研究——以武汉大学(早期)和郑州航院(新校区)为例

针对武汉大学(早期)校园空间轴线设计的探讨,总结校园空间轴线设计的一般原则,进而与郑州航空工业管理学院(简称郑州航院)的空间轴线进行对比分析,并评价其特点,最后提出其空间轴线设计的一些修改建议,为校园设计提供借鉴。     

地形、嬗变、园林——意、法古典园林中的轴线思辨

意、法传统园林中常见的轴线与自然景观有巨大的差别。本文重点结合意大利美帝奇别墅、阿尔多布兰迪尼别墅和法国维贡府邸的轴线设计进行分析,探讨并总结了通过轴上自然的介入、动线和高程设计、对地平线合理的视觉控制等结合地形的园林轴线设计技法,进而对意、法古典园林轴线是建筑的外延这一认知进行了思辨,指出轴线只是西方一种惯用的建筑学符号工具,具有轴线的园林仍然具有其独立的审美特征这一结论。     

钢管混凝土拱桥预拱度的设置方法及影响因素

基于预拱度的设计原理,阐述了钢管混凝土拱桥拱轴线在不同工况作用下的偏离形式,并探讨了影响拱轴线变化的相关因素及预拱度设置的方法,积累了该类拱桥的设计和施工经验。     

浅谈轴线与城市发展的关系

本文从轴线的由来、构成及其与城市发展的关系三个方面论述了中国传统城市轴线的发展过程,并通过与国外典型城市轴线的横向对比明确了传统城市轴线对城市建设所起的作用,最后结合对当下国内城市设计典型案例中轴线运用的研究提出了现今城市轴线设计中存在的弊端和解决的思路。     

自由式中轴景观设计初探——以台州市路桥行政文化中心绿轴设计为例

从轴线型城市空间的传统特征与时代要求的对比出发,探讨了城市轴线景观的发展演变,认为自由式中轴设计在城市新城的建设中更具活力和吸引力、更加重视视觉轴线的作用、更能彰显城市新区的开放特征。在此基础上,以台州市路桥行政文化中心绿轴设计为例,以创新、活力、包容、开放的路桥精神为主题,从设计风格、设计理念和设计效果,研究了自由式中轴布局的设计思路,采用极具现代感的自由构图方式,创造出最自然,最绿色的城市开放空间。自由布局方式的绿轴增添了更多的城市活力和城市魅力。     

因地制宜 统中求变——中国银行信息中心(上海)二期设计

从设计所面临的制约条件出发,探讨在设计过程中对建筑布局、空间和轴线、建筑形体、立面造型、景观设计等方面做出的尝试和感悟。     

缆索吊装法钢筋混凝土拱桥的施工误差分析

采用缆索吊装法施工的钢筋混凝土拱桥,其实际拱轴线与设计拱轴线往往存在偏差.文中总结了钢筋混凝土拱桥缆索吊装施工的拱轴线偏差形式,并对拱轴线偏差对结构的影响进行了分析.     

盾构法施工轴线偏差分析与监控

盾构法施工轴线控制是盾构法隧道施工的重要环节。文章对产生盾构轴线偏差的因素进行了分析,并有针对性地提出了防范和监控措施,以确保盾构掘进轴线及成型隧道轴线满足设计及规范要求。     

深圳CBD中轴线公共空间规划的特征与实施

介绍了深圳CBD中轴线公共空间的规划特征与规划实施案例。中轴线是CBD公共空间的一条"脊梁",是交通轴线、多功能轴线、立体轴线、景观轴线、文化轴线,中轴线城市设计的历史经验具有示范作用;中轴线实施过程曲折漫长,其深刻教训值得反思。     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

基于HSS模型隧道近接群桩基础施工影响分析

依托盾构隧道近接侧穿群桩工程建立三维数值分析模型,土体采用小应变硬化(HSS)模型,参数取值借鉴已有研究成果并根据监测位移数据反演,同时考虑土体开挖、衬砌拼装以及盾尾同步注浆等一系列施工工艺措施,并将模拟结果与监测数据进行对比验证,研究了不同工况下地表沉降的形态分布、群桩桩基变形及基桩结构受力,同时考虑地表位移对等代层厚度的敏感性。结果表明:HSS模型能有效预测隧道近接侧穿高架桥桩引起的变形,模拟结果与监测值较吻合; 隧道开挖引起土相对桩产生了滑移,地表沉降及桩身竖向位移在中心线前后各1D(D为管片外径)范围内随推进步数的增加而不断增大,且增加幅度明显减小; 两线推进地表沉降具有叠加效应,最大沉降量增幅达76.8%; 隧道与基桩水平距离越近,引起基桩沉降变化越大,两线推进基桩桩顶沉降增幅达134%; 群桩中各排桩的水平位移变化趋势基本相同,且同排桩的水平位移值相差不大,由于群桩遮挡效应,水平位移值由大到小依次为前排桩、中排桩、后排桩; 桩身水平位移主要在盾构中轴线2.5D范围内,桩身最大水平位移均出现在隧道中轴线附近; 群桩中同排桩桩身附加弯矩及附加轴力沿桩身分布规律相同,桩身最终附加受力与其距离隧道远近有关; 随着注浆充率β的增大,等代层厚度及地表沉降呈线性减小; 穿越段采取的施工工艺方案是有效的,经估算附加弯矩及轴力对桩基承载力的影响在容许范围内。     

Untersuchungen der Auswirkungen eines Vollbrands auf eine Sporthalle

Research of Fire Effects on a Gymnasium An arson attack committed in August 2015 on the gymnasium of the Oberstufenzentrum Nauen school facility built in 2007 led to a full fire and to the complete destruction of the hall. The effects of this fire were recorded with measuring technologies as well as through sampling on‐site. In the course of this, the wooden roof structure was particularly examined and demonstrated a residual load‐bearing capacity in spite of the intensive fire exposure and the resulting significant damage. The remaining support structure of the hall was completely recorded by means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and evaluated in September 2015. Inclinations, cross‐sectional shifts and deformations in the building were able to be calculated with the geodetic measurement method. The results from the laser scanning in combination with the sampling served as a comparison of the theoretical structural evidence with the effects of an actual fire event. In the case of the fire at the Nauen gymnasium, the damage to the load‐bearing capacity was particularly significant in the area of the joining means. The goal of the investigations is a comparison of the technical engineering fire prevention certifications and their theoretical protective effects with the effects of actual fires. This is also a subject of current research projects in the Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, University of Applied Sciences.     

The dilution of waste in the wake of a ship

This paper considers the problem of predicting the dilution of waste which has been discharged into the wake of a moving ship. A theoretical model is developed which relates the dispersion of the effluent field to the intensity of the turbulence created by the movement of the vessel. Specifically, the model describes the dependence of the dilution on the speed, dimensions and specific resistance coefficient of the ship.The new theory predicts that the rate of dilution decreases with time after discharge and, as with the empirical IMCO formula, indicates that dilution is more sensitive to the speed of the ship than the volume rate of discharge of waste.     

多元不排水长短桩复合地基固结解析解

多元复合地基是一种新型的复合地基技术。推导出瞬时加荷条件下多元不排水长短桩复合地基桩间土的固结方程,基于双层地基一维固结理论建立了相应的固结解析解。通过与有限元解的比较验证了解析解的正确性。利用建立的固结解析解进行参数分析,研究了多元不排水桩长短桩复合地基的固结特性。计算结果表明,多元不排水长短桩复合地基的固结速率随长桩压缩模量和置换率的增加而增大。短桩压缩模量和置换的变化对复合地基固结速率的影响很小。短桩较短时,短桩长度的变化对复合地基固结速率几乎没有影响,短桩较长时,复合地基固结速率随短桩长度的增加而增大。此外,多元不排水长短桩复合地基的固结速率随短桩以下土体压缩模量的增加而增大。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

试论C.詹克斯的"新现代主义"

“新现代主义”概念的提出为当代建筑化现象的认识、理解提供了一个新视角。章从3方面分析了新现代主义建筑思潮的产生、形式特征及基础观念,并结合当代哲学思想变换的特点,梳理出这一思潮的观念主旨。由此指出新现代建筑思潮是对现代主义的主体化的反思与解构,形式风格的变换是观念变迁的表达。     

某航站楼在爆炸作用下抗倒塌性能研究

为了避免抗倒塌性能分析时确定关键构件的盲目性,考虑相邻构件损伤的影响,评估爆损构件残余承载力对结构抗倒塌性能的影响,首先根据航站楼结构的特点与可能遭遇爆炸的危险程度,合理确定大跨度钢结构抗爆关键构件的可能部位。通过对爆炸当量、爆炸距离与结构构件损伤程度关系的研究,确定关键构件及其相邻构件的损伤情况。分别采用移除构件法与多尺度模型对破坏严重的构件进行模拟,考察航站楼结构在爆炸作用下的抗倒塌性能。分析结果表明,箱形钢柱的损伤程度主要与爆心距离和爆炸当量有关,迎爆面的变形远大于背爆面,柱顶斜撑杆的损伤程度与爆炸冲击波的入射夹角关系密切。采用移除构件法进行大跨度结构抗倒塌性能分析时,屋盖的局部变形很大,结构发生局部严重破坏,分析结果偏于保守。通过多尺度模型,可以采用壳单元较为准确地模拟构件在爆炸作用下的损伤情况。由于大跨度的竖向构件具有较大的冗余度,爆损后仍然具有一定的残余承载力,可以有效抑制变形的发展,采用多尺度模型得到的屋盖变形远小于移除构件法的分析结果。     

A Review of: “Introduction to structures” W. R. Spillers Ellis Horwood Limited,Chichester, UK, 1985, 262 pp, £10.00

A generalized systems theory can be used in the identification and analysis of complex engineering problems. In a system formulation, an image or a model of an object which emphasizes certain important and critical properties is defined. System definition is usually the first step in an overall methodology formulated for achieving a set of objectives. This work represents the first step in a study that aims at the development of a real-time control system of construction activities. A hierarchical control system was determined to be the most suitable control scheme for construction activities. In this paper, a system definition of a construction activity is presented. The hierarchical system classification enables the decomposition of the overall construction activity into subsystems that represent the different underlying processes. Each process consists of several tasks. The classification method also allows the decomposition of the overall tasks into subtasks. This step is an important requirement for hierarchical control. The decomposition of tasks and activities allows accurate feedback decisions within the control scheme. The concepts developed in the paper were illustratively applied to define a concrete placement activity.