BIM 空间关系数据的云存储与检索方法研究

随着工程项目体量的增大,模型中存在的空间关系更加复杂多样化,现有的建筑 信息模型(BIM)数据存储和检索方式无法满足使用要求。为了提高 BIM 中大量空间关系数据的 存储和检索效率,通过集成 BIM 与云计算技术,提出了一种 BIM 分布式负载均衡集群方案, 在此基础上利用弹性搜索框架(Elastic Search)和图数据库Neo4j实现了IFC空间关系数据的云存 储和检索,为海量 BIM 空间关系数据提供一种高效快速的云存储和检索方法。     

基于IFC 与gbXML 标准的建筑信息模型与绿色建筑分析软件互操作性测试与评估

绿色建筑和建筑节能是建筑行业可持续发展的重要因素,然而建筑信息模型(BIM) 软件种类繁多、数据标准各异、软件之间的数据传递经常丢失信息。为解决不同软件之间的“信 息孤岛”问题和互操作性问题,分析了基于工业基础类标准(IFC)和gbXML 标准的绿色建筑模型 的结构框架,选取BIM 建模软件ArchiCAD 和绿色建筑性能分析软件Ecotec,对基于IFC 和 gbXML 标准的软件之间的互操作性进行了测试和评估,确定了建筑信息模型在交互过程中的问 题。针对相关问题本文提出了减少IFC 标准中的信息冗余、提高IFC 标准领域层对绿色建筑信 息的支持、提高资源层对相关信息定义的针对性等建议。     

装配式建筑自上而下设计信息协同与模型构建

为顺应国家建筑产业化、智能化发展的政策引导,针对当前装配式建筑专业信息缺乏关联、模 型利用不充分、数据传递效率低下等问题,提出基于建筑信息模型(BIM)技术的自上而下设计方法。以装配式 建筑的设计阶段为切入点,详细阐述了基于 BIM 技术的装配式建筑自上而下设计流程。结合装配式建筑的标 准化构件设计和组装特点,提出一种基于自上而下设计的装配模型,并从层级和专业 2 个角度描述了模型的架 构。针对各专业模型传递时的数据信息标准化、一致性问题,通过工业基础类(IFC)标准对装配模型进行实体和 属性集的扩展,提出基于 IFC 标准的各专业、各阶段的自上而下设计信息协同。经实例验证了 IFC 扩展装配模 型的自上而下设计可行性,为装配式建筑的协同设计提供了有益的方法借鉴。     

BIM 模型相似度计算方法

针对从业者不论是想从本地模型库还是线上共享网站获取所需的BIM 模型只能靠 逐个查找、人工识读的方法,而模型的数量越来越多,获取符合需求的模型需要花费大量的时 间和人力的问题,提出了一种构件级BIM 模型相似度计算方法。从模型的构件出发,以BIM 通用交互格式工业基础类(IFC)文件作数据源,以通用数据标准IFC 2×3 为数据基础,首先提取 模型中构件的几何信息、语义信息等,并利用改进的方向包围盒(OBB)碰撞检测算法查找相连 构件;然后以构件为顶点、构件间连接关系为边将BIM 模型构建为邻接图模型,并用图编辑距 离算法计算邻接图模型的编辑距离;最后即可计算出不同模型之间的相似度。该方法以构件级 BIM 模型的相似度为依据可以大大提升BIM 模型的检索速度与准确率。     

基于IFC标准的简支梁钢筋模型参数化自动生成

基于 BIM 技术的钢筋模型可以用于工程量直接计算、指导施工、碰撞检查和钢筋 自动加工等。虽然部分软件如 Revit 和 Tekla 可以输出钢筋工业基础类(IFC)模型,但是需要根 据结构设计软件的配筋结果重新建模,且核心算法没有公开,国内后续理论研究和软件开发均 无法参考;另外,现阶段研究主要集中于通过二次开发的方式实现不同软件之间的钢筋信息共 享,该方法不具有通用性。本文对钢筋模型几何信息在 IFC 标准中表达方式进行解析,并研究 利用结构设计结果参数自动生成基于 IFC 标准的钢筋模型,重点进行几何信息的生成算法研究。 最后通过程序生成带有纵筋和箍筋的简支梁 IFC 模型,验证了算法的可行性。     

基于IFC标准的BIM模型空间结构组成与程序解析

IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)标准是建筑信息模型BIM的开放式数据格式,它使用空间结构的方式来组织和管理建筑模型信息,使用EXPRESS语言来描述建筑信息。IFC标准包含众多实体,实体之间关系复杂,逻辑层次繁多,对建筑信息的标准化表达和结构化管理,是IFC标准实施的关键。研究分析IFC标准的空间结构组成及对应的IFC中性文件,利用Java插件解析IFC文件。深入探讨使用Java语言编程来读取IFC模型的空间结构组成信息和与其连接的建筑构件信息的方法,并通过具体的建筑工程实例对解析方法进行验证。     

面向 Web 的建筑三维模型可视化方法研究

针对当前工业基础类(IFC)标准文件与 WebGL 框架集成方案存在模型语义完整性差及数据互操 性弱等问题,提出一套建筑信息模型(BIM)数据网络可视化实施方案。该方案以 IFC 标准文件作为输入数据源, 首先对 BIM 模型进行重构,并提出基于 IFC 结构树的构件实例层次拆分策略将原始 IFC 文件实施数模分离; 然后,将重构后的 IFC 模型文件向 glTF 格式文件进行转换,并在转换过程中完成几何空间和语义属性的双重 关系映射;最后,提出基于层次包围体(BVH)结构的 BS-AB 场景构件可视性检测算法对建筑构件进行可见性剔 除。实验结果表明：该方法能够显著减少 BIM 模型数据冗余,且高效完成了对复杂 BIM 场景不可见构件的剔 除工作,降低了渲染管线的开销,为基于 IFC 标准与 WebGL 框架集成方案的 BIM 模型数据网络可视化提供了 一种可行的参考方案。     

基于IFC标准的建筑信息模型分布式大数据平台存储技术研究

随着建筑信息模型的规模和复杂性不断增加,利用单台计算机处理海量BIM数据的存储和分析变得越来越困难。传统的关系数据库、面向对象数据库等已经无法满足当下建筑业海量和多样化的数据存储和管理的需求。而大数据技术的出现为建筑信息模型海量数据的存储、管理和分析带来极大的潜力。利用大数据技术管理BIM结构化和非结构化数据的优势,探讨分布式大数据平台Hadoop和HBase数据库整体架构和存储模型;制定基于HBase数据库存储IFC(工业基础类)结构化数据和非结构化数据的策略及数据表格的设计;建立基于Hadoop和HBase大数据环境的建筑信息模型存储系统,实现对IFC数据的基本管理操作。通过实际案例验证该系统的可行性。     

基于知识库的IFC模型检查方法研究

随着建筑信息模型(BIM)技术在国内外建筑领域的发展,工业基础类(IFC)作为BIM开放数据标准得到了广泛应用。IFC模型的几何与语义表示方式较为复杂,而且模型规模逐渐增大。现有的基于内存或固定路径查询的模型自动检查方法面临着时间、空间效率与查询复杂度的挑战。为此,提出一种基于知识库的IFC模型检查方法,通过将IFC模型解析与建模为属性标签图(LPG),并存储入图数据库,形成了可推理与灵活查询的结构化知识;依托知识库的建立,提出了基于属性链路推理与剪枝的IFC语义信息检查算法和相关几何信息检查算法,开发了IfcGraph自动化检查系统,实现了模型高效存储、灵活检查,提高了模型自动检查的效率与易用性。最后,通过实际工程项目对提出的方法与相应系统进行了可行性的验证。     

基于IFC 的传感器信息存储与应用研究

在建筑的施工和运维管理过程中,存在大量的传感器采集的数据,但是这些数据 存于各自的监测系统中,产生“信息孤岛”局面,难以对其进一步的融合分析,使其产生更大的 价值。建筑信息模型(BIM)技术支持将传感器数据与工程数据集成管理和应用,但是面向BIM 存储的工业基础类国际标准(IFC)对传感器数据的定义和描述仍有缺陷。为此,提出了基于IFC 的传感器信息存储方法与应用流程,分析了IFC 中与传感器有关的信息描述和关联机制,进而 通过自定义属性集的方式扩展了IFC标准,最后以北京槐房再生水厂项目为应用案例验证了IFC 扩展内容的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.