CePO4及Eu3+掺杂CePO4一维纳米薄膜的制备与表征

以ITO导电玻璃为基材,采用溶液化学法分两步制备CePO4及Eu3+掺杂CePO4一维纳米薄膜.研究底膜液提拉次数、底膜厚度、陈化液pH值和陈化时间等对薄膜形貌的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和荧光分光光度计等对CePO4及Eu3+掺杂CePO4一维纳米薄膜进行表征.结果表明,用无水乙醇底膜液,提拉3～6次,经350℃煅烧,在pH值为1.4 ～1.6的水相陈化液中,90℃水浴陈化3～6h,即可在ITO导电玻璃上制得平整致密,具有较大比表面积的六方晶相CePO4及Eu3+掺杂CePO4一维纳米薄膜.     

CdS纳米棒的合成及硫源的影响

溶剂热法合成CdS纳米棒,分别考察了反应介质尤其是硫源对CdS生成的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等对合成的CdS纳米棒的形貌和结构进行分析、表征.结果表明,以乙二胺为溶剂可以合成出CdS纳米棒,不同硫源合成的CdS纳米棒长度明显不同,这可能与硫源的水解释放S2-机理有关.     

不同碱源对Sm（OH）3纳米晶的结构和光催化性能的影响

以Sm(NO3)3·6H2O、氨水、NaOH、乙二胺和二乙烯三胺为主要原料,蒸馏水为溶剂,在水浴条件下分别制得了颗粒状和棒状结构的Sm(OH)3纳米晶.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Lambda 950分光光度计分别对产物的物相、形貌和光学性能进行表征,研究了不同碱源对Sm(OH)3纳米晶的结构和光催化性能的影响.结果表明:水浴条件下,弱碱氨水不利于Sm(OH)3纳米晶的结晶生长过程的进行,所得产物呈现非晶颗粒的团聚体;在强碱乙二胺和二乙烯三胺作用下得到了结晶性良好的棒状结构的产物,且棒的长径比的增大有益于产物光催化性能的提高.     

SnO2纳米材料气敏特性研究

为了提高SnO2纳米材料的气敏特性,研究其性能与结构关系,采用物理气相沉积法在管式炉内制备SnO2纳米材料．通过控制管式炉内材料的生长温度得到不同形貌的SnO2纳米材料．采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对所得纳米结构进行表征分析．将所得纳米材料制备成旁热式气敏元件对其在还原性目标气体环境中进行气敏性能测试．研究结果表明：不同形貌的纳米结构气敏性能差异明显,SnO2纳米线对指定目标气体的气敏性能优于菊花状纳米结构．气敏性能与材料的表面形貌及比表面积关系密切,长径比高的线状纳米结构具有更高的气敏性能,在酒精蒸汽、CO和CH4的环境中其数值分别为42、21和18．     

宏观树枝状铜纳米线的制备及分形学研究

为了进一步揭示固态离子学方法制备铜纳米线的生长机理,选取具有高离子电导率的快离子导体Rb_4Cu_(16)Cl_(13)I_7薄膜,利用固态离子学方法在外加恒定电流3μA作用下,制备厘米级铜纳米线.采用扫描电子显微镜对其微观形貌进行了表征和分析,利用能量色散光谱仪确定纳米线的化学成分.结果表明:制备的铜纳米线呈现宏观树枝状结构,在靠近阴极位置整齐排布,长度约为2 mm,且排布比较紧密,部分纳米线在生长过程中出现分形生长,最长分支长度约为1 cm,排布比较稀疏;铜纳米线呈长程无序短程有序,直径分布范围为90~100 nm,纳米线表面铜纳米颗粒直径分布范围为10~20 nm,树枝状铜纳米线的分形维数为1.35,说明树枝状铜纳米线较少,铜纳米线的生长机理分析表明,树枝状结构的出现与纳米线"顶端生长优势"有关.     

生物形态SiC陶瓷上纳米线的制备及形貌演化

为了研究生物形态SiC陶瓷上纳米线的形成及影响因素,揭示其形貌演化过程及生长机制.通过控制遗态转化温度和氧含量制备不同纳米线修饰的生物形态SiC陶瓷,采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜表征陶瓷上纳米材料的微观结构.结果表明:生物形态SiC陶瓷上制备的纳米线主要为SiC和SiO_2,并受温度及SiO饱和分压变化的影响,微量氧在纳米材料生长过程起关键作用.随合成温度升高,生物形态陶瓷上的纳米线的尺寸逐渐变大,纳米线的形貌依次为项链状、绒毛状、直棒状以及高温下的柱状晶须结构.SiO_2纳米线和无圆形尖端的SiC纳米线的生长方式均为气固机制,SiO_2纳米线的生长过程为化学气相反应沉积过程,而SiC纳米线的生长则需要孪晶及堆垛层错提供驱动力辅助生长.     

金银铜复合纳米线阵列的制备及其SERS效应研究

传统的拉曼增强基底均匀性差,排列无序等缺点限制了表面增强拉曼散射的广泛应用,文中选取Rb_4Cu_(16)Cl_(13)I_7快离子导体薄膜,在4μA外加直流电场作用下,利用固态离子学方法和真空热蒸镀法,制备了厘米级金银铜复合纳米线阵列.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测金银铜复合纳米线阵列的表面形貌,利用能量色散光谱仪(EDS)测量金银铜复合纳米线的化学成分,并选取罗丹明6G水溶液作为检测拉曼增强性能的探针分子,利用拉曼光谱仪测量金银铜复合纳米线基底的拉曼增强能力.结果表明:制备的金银铜复合纳米结构呈竹节状生长,微观形貌具有长程有序和短程有序结构,纳米线直径分布范围为45～95nm;纳米线表面均匀分布着直径为?20nm左右的纳米颗粒,从而使得其表面具有很高的粗糙度;纳米线中金银铜的近似摩尔比为2∶3∶15;制备的金银铜复合纳米线阵列作为表面增强拉曼散射基底测量罗丹明6G溶液的极限浓度是10~(-14) mol·L~(-1).     

纳米ZnO催化生物乙醇转化的形貌效应

利用水热法合成了棒状、片状、球状结构的氧化锌(ZnO)纳米晶粒,评价了不同形貌的纳米ZnO对生物乙醇转化的催化活性,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射(XRD)及程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD,CO_2-TPD)等研究手段对ZnO的形貌及表面酸碱性等物相结构进行了表征.结果表明:不同形貌的纳米ZnO具有不同的表面酸碱性,从而在生物乙醇催化转化的反应路径及产物选择性调控方面表现出一定的形貌效应.     

具有粗糙表面的TiC纳米线的制备和表征

采用碳热还原TiO2的方法,向TiO2和活性炭原料中加入一定比例的NaCl,通过氯化物辅助碳热还原过程,以Co@C纳米粒子为催化剂,取摩尔比为1∶4∶0.5∶0.1的TiO2、活性炭、NaCl和Co@C纳米粒子混合物,在1 350℃反应合成TiC纳米线。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM及EDS对产物进行物相、形貌、晶形及成分分析,结果表明,该产物为无定形CoO纳米包裹的单晶面心立方TiC纳米线。     

多孔氧化铝模板中交流沉积钴纳米线阵列

利用二次阳极氧化法制备了多孔氧化铝模板(PAM).用交流电化学沉积方法成功地在模板孔道内制备了Co纳米线.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Co纳米线的形貌、晶体结构进行了研究.结果表明,模板的孔径均匀,孔道平直.Co纳米线均匀分布在PAM纳米孔隙中,直径与PAM孔径一致,约50 nm,并沿Co(111)晶面择优生长.     

以鱼精DNA为模板制备CePO_4：Eu~（3＋）纳米材料

以鱼精DNA作为模板,利用水热法制得了纯CePO4和掺杂浓度为5%和10%的CePO4：Eu3＋样品,用XRD、TEM、SEM和荧光光谱分析等手段对样品进行了结构和发光性能表征,并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：所制备的样品均为棒状纳米晶体,长度约为30nm~50nm,呈多晶结构,掺杂的稀土离子浓度和种类对材料的荧光光谱强度及紫外光激发下的发光颜色有一定影响。采用这种方法制备的稀土磷酸盐具有较强的荧光强度和均匀的晶体形貌。     

Fabrication of metal suspending nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and isotropic reactive ion etching (RIE)

We report herein a rational approach for fabricating metal suspending nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and isotropic reactive ion etching (RIE). The approach comprises three principal steps: (1) mold fabrication, (2) structure replication by NIL, and (3) suspending nanostructures creation by isotropic RIE. Using this approach, suspending nanostructures with Au, Au/Ti or Ti/Au bilayers, and Au/Ti/Au sandwiched structures are demonstrated. For Au nanostructures, straight suspending nanostructures can be obtained when the thickness of Au film is up to 50 nm for nano-bridge and 90 nm for nano-finger patterns. When the thickness of Au is below 50 nm for nano-bridge and 90 nm for nano-finger, the Au suspending nanostructures bend upward as a result of the mismatch of thermal expansion between the thin Au films and Si substrate. This leads to residual stresses in the thin Au films. For Au/Ti or Ti/Au bilayers nanostructures, the cantilevers bend toward Au film, since Au has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than that of Ti. While in the case of sandwich structures, straight suspending nanostructures are obtained, this may be due to the balance of residual stress between the thin films. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20573002) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973Pprogram) (Grant No. 2001CB6105)     

Fabrication of Stable Superhydrophobic Cupric Hydroxide Surface with Hierarchical Structure on Copper Substrate

Cupric hydroxide films with a new hierarchical architecture consisting of beautiful nanotubes and nanoflowers were directly fabricated on copper substrate via a solution-immersion process at a constant temperature of 23?℃. Stable superhydrophobic Cu(OH)₂ surface was obtained after Cu(OH)₂ films were modified with hydrolyzed 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (C₈H₄Cl₃F₁₃Si, FOTMS). The surface morphology and composition of the film were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Result shows that the surface of Cu(OH)₂ films directly grown on copper substrate was hydrophilic, whereas the modified Cu(OH)₂ films exhibited the superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) of about 160.8°, as well as a small sliding angle (SA) of about 1°. The special hierarchical structure, along with the slow surface energy leads to the high superhydrophobicity of the surface.     

EIS Characterization of Sealed Anodic Oxide Films on Titanium Alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

Anodic oxide films grown on titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al in the solution of sodium tartrate, then sealed in boiling deionised water and calcium acetate solution were observed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), and were chemically analysed by using energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Corrosion behaviour was investigated in a 3.5% sodium chloride solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The morphology of the anodic oxide films was dependent on the sealing processes. The surface sealed in calcium acetate solution presented a more homogeneous and smooth structure compared with that sealed in boiling deionised water. The corrosion resistance of the oxide films sealed in calcium acetate solution was better than that sealed in boiling deionised water.     

Controlled Size and Density Distribution of Nanoparticles by Thermal Ammonia Etching Method

Nickel nanometer catalyst thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates using sputtering coater. The effects of ammonia pretreatment on the catalyst films from continuous film to the nanoparticles were investigated. The nanostructures of the Ni thin films as a function of the catalyst film original thickness, the pretreatment time and temperature were discussed. The optimum parameters of etching process were obtained, and the functional mechanism of ammonia was primarily analyzed. Scanning electron microsc...     

Influence of annealing time on the microstructure and properties of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 thin films

The PZT thin films were prepared on (111)- Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol-gel method, and lead acetate [Pb(CH3COO)2], zirconium nitrate [Zr(NO3)4] were used as raw materials. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the phase structure and surface morphology of the films annealed at 650 ℃ but with different holding time. Ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the films were measured by the ferroelectric tester and the precision impedance analyzer, respectively. The PZT thin films were constructed with epoxy resin as a composite structure, and the damping properties of the composite were tested by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results show that the films annealed for 90 minutes present a dense and compact crystal arrangement on the surface; moreover, the films also achieve their best electric quality. At the same time, the largest damping loss factor of the composite constructed with the 90 mins-annealed film shows peak value of 0.9, higher than the pure epoxy resin.     

Compatibility and Properties of Biodegradable Blend Films with Gelatin and Poly（vinyl alcohol）

The blend films with gelatin and poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） were prepared by a solution casting method. The compatibility between gelatin and PVA in the blend films was investigated. The transmittance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, x-ray diffraction （XRD）, thermogravimetry analysis （TG）, and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） were employed to characterize the resultant blend films. According to optic result, the opacity of the blend film at the ratio of 20/80 （w/w, Gel to PVA） was the lowest, indicating the best compatibility between Gel and PVA at the ratio. The results oflR, XRD, DSC, and TG revealed an intensive interaction and good compatibility between them in the blend film at the ratio. The mechanical properties and solubility showed that PVA content in the blend films obviously affected the elongation at break and solubility. The mechanical properties and water resistance of gelatin film may be improved by the introduetion of PVA.     

液相沉积法制备掺银TiO2薄膜及光催化性能

为了提高TiO2薄膜光催化剂的活性,通过在氟钛酸铵、硼酸混合溶液中加入硝酸银,应用液相沉积法(LPD)制备了掺银TiO2薄膜.采用XRD、SEM、XPS、UV-vis等手段对其组成、表面形貌和结构进行了测试表征;并以甲基橙为模型物,进行降解实验评价Ag-TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.实验结果表明:硼酸/氟钛酸铵摩尔比为2～4,热处理温度为400℃,硝酸银掺杂量为0.03 mol/L时,Ag-TiO2薄膜具有良好的锐钛矿相晶型,同时具有较高的光催化性能.     

Preparation and Characterization of CeO2-TiO2/SnO2：Sb Films Deposited on Glass Substrates by R.F. Sputtering

CeO2-TiO2 films and CeO2-TiO2/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)double films were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering(R.F.Sputtering),using SnO2:Sb(6 mol%)target,and CeO2-TiO2 targets with different molar ratio of CeO2 to TiO2 (CeO2:TiO2=0:1.0;0.1:0.9;0.2:0.8;0.3:0.7;0.4:0.6;0.5:0.5;0.6:0.4; 0.7:0.3; 0.8:0.2;0.9:0.1;1.0:0).The films are characterized by UV-visible transmission and infrared reflection spectra,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The obtained results show that the amorphous phases composed of CeO2-TiO2 play an important role in absorbing UV, there are Ce3+,Ce4+ and Ti4+ on the surface of the films;the glass substrates coated with CeO2-TiO2(Ce/Ti=0.5:0.5;0.6:0.4)/SnO2:Sb(6 mol%) double films show high absorbing UV(>99),high visible light transmission(75%)and good infrared reflection films can be used as window glass of buildings,automobile and so on.     

交联透明质酸凝胶薄膜的制备和性能表征

用己二酸二酰肼（ADH）对透明质酸（HA）进行化学修饰，研究不同交联程度HA．ADH的理化性质．用溶剂挥发法制备出HA—ADH薄膜．经差示扫描量热仪DSC分析得知，交联后产物的微观结构发生了明显改变．该薄膜在缓冲溶液中发生溶胀，有很强的吸水能力，扫描电镜SEM图显示溶胀的薄膜呈现高度多孔的网状结构．粘度法测定HA和HA-ADH的特性粘数[η]分别为14．69dL／g和20．21dL／g．改性后HA-ADH薄膜的溶解性比HA薄膜的溶解性能明显降低，可使得高聚物在体内的存留时间增长．