Al-5Ti-1B合金等通道转角挤压的组织和性能研究

研究了等通道转角挤压技术对Al-5Ti-1B合金的组织和性能的影响。采用等通道转角挤压技术，在室温下，对Al-5Ti-1B合金进行了4道次挤压试验，并运用x射线衍射仪、金相显微镜和扫描电镜等研究形变前后Al-5Ti-1B合金微观结构的变化。结果表明，等通道转角挤压技术可以细化晶粒，改善了第二相颗粒分布的均匀性，提高了Al-5Ti-1B合金的力学性能。随挤压次数的增加，大块状TiAl3相由20～80μm粗晶粒细化到10μm左右；呈团块状且分布不均的TiB2经挤压后，分布均匀。采用Bc路径，进行4道次等通道转角挤压后，Al-5Ti-1B合金的屈服强度由142．0MPa增加到221．4MPa，提高了56．1％，其维氏硬度由45．2增大到64．9，提高了43．6％。     

等通道转角挤压Al-10Mg-4Si合金的组织与性能研究

在250℃下以Bc路径对Al-10Mg-4Si合金进行4道次和8道次的等通道转角挤压,以求达到改善合金组织和提高合金力学性能的目的.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对挤压前后的微观组织分析表明:铸态合金基体晶粒比较粗大,第二相Mg_2Si以粗大的汉字状或骨骼状分布于基体晶界处;经ECAP挤压后,基体晶粒得到细化,原粗大的汉字状Mg_2Si被碎化为短棒状或多边形状颗粒,并呈一定的弥散分布.室温拉伸测试结果表明:ECAP4道次挤压后,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率由铸态的166MPa、1.64%提高为322MPa、21.7%;ECAP8道次挤压后,合金的伸长率继续提高为24.7%.但抗拉强度下降到293MPa.     

剧塑性变形及退火后Mg-Li合金的组织与力学性能

采用剧塑性变形工艺(等通道转角挤压和轧制)以及随后的短时间退火制备高性能Mg-Li合金,通过显微组织观察、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射仪测试和室温拉伸测试等研究变形前后合金组织、力学性能及强化机制。结果表明:合金铸态晶粒粗大,主相为β相,α相分布于β相的晶界以及晶内;同时,晶内存在大量Al2Y和AlLi析出相。由于动态回复作用显著,合金变形时并未发生明显的动态再结晶现象;经短时间退火后,合金组织发生完全再结晶,其晶粒细化至27.1μm(12pra工艺,即等通道转角挤压、轧制及退火)。铸态合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为131.1 MPa和47.1%;经12pr(等通道转角挤压及轧制)变形后,合金的伸长率达到90.5%,而抗拉强度稍有提高,这主要受位错协调变形及动态回复作用的影响;退火后合金的伸长率显著降低而强度提高至237.6 MPa(12pra),出现退火致强化现象,其主要的机制是有限位错源强化及晶界强化。     

等通道转角挤压高铝镁合金的微观组织和力学性能

对三种铸态高铝镁合金进行了等通道转角挤压(ECAP),对挤压前后的微观结构和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明挤压使合金组织显著细化,力学性能明显提高.由于高铝镁合金在高温挤压过程中除α-Mg基体相外,存在较多β-Mg17Al12,两相相互制约,显著降低各相的(动态)再结晶速率,从而容易获得比常规Mg-Al系合金细小得多的组织.结合等通道挤压加工,有望发展高铝镁合金为经济型高强度镁合金.     

ECAP挤压对5083铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了5083铝合金等通道转角挤压(ECAP)的室温拉伸性能.结果表明:5083铝合金经100℃、16道次ECAP挤压后,晶粒明显细化且第二相均匀弥散分布,合金的强度提高至480MPa;200℃、16道次ECAP挤压后,合金强度有所下降(约380MPa),但塑性显著改善(伸长率16％以上);降低ECAP挤压温度、增加挤压道次可获得更高的挤压硬化和细晶强化效果,在100℃ECAP挤压和200℃退火同样可提高该合金的抗拉强度和塑性变形能力.     

基于不同模具结构设计的TB2合金等通道弯角挤压有限元分析（英文）

采用有限元数值模拟方法研究了不同模具结构设计对TB2合金(Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al)等通道弯角挤压过程的影响。与传统模具几何设计特点相比,新型等通道弯角挤压模具设计的内转角半径要大于外转角半径且均与模具内壁相切。针对模具不同内转角半径和外转角半径对等通道弯角挤压过程的影响,分析了TB2合金等通道弯角挤压过程的变形行为和应变均匀性。结果表明,随着内转角半径分别从1 mm升高至3,5,7和9 mm,TB2合金等通道弯角挤压后的应变均匀性更好和挤压载荷明显增大,较小的外转角半径能够使TB2合金挤压后获得较好的应变均匀性。综合内转角半径和外转角半径的有限元分析结果,当外转角半径为4 mm,内转角半径为5 mm时,TB2合金经等通道弯角挤压后具有最为理想的应变均匀性分布。     

等通道转角挤压工艺对TA15合金显微硬度的影响

研究近α钛合金TA15经等通道转角挤压工艺(ECAP)加工后的维氏显微硬度及其变化规律。结果表明:TA15合金经ECAP挤压后,显微硬度显著提高,且合金试样外层硬度略高于芯部。合金的显微硬度与组织畸变程度、位错密度、晶粒尺寸以及相组成等密切相关。相变点以下挤压,挤压温度越低,硬度越高;相变点以上挤压,由于挤压后水冷过程中在β相内产生针状马氏体α′,硬度明显高于相变点以下挤压。模具转角越小,显微硬度越高。随挤压次数增加,硬度先增大后保持基本不变,而挤压路径对硬度的影响与挤压次数、挤压后细化效果密切相关。TA15合金经ECAP后退火,显微硬度明显降低。     

Equal Channel Angular Extrusion of TB2 Alloy under Different Die Designs by Finite Element Method

采用有限元数值模拟方法研究了不同模具结构设计对TB2合金(Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al)等通道弯角挤压过程的影响。与传统模具几何设计特点相比,新型等通道弯角挤压模具设计的内转角半径要大于外转角半径且均与模具内壁相切。针对模具不同内转角半径和外转角半径对等通道弯角挤压过程的影响,分析了TB2合金等通道弯角挤压过程的变形行为和应变均匀性。结果表明,随着内转角半径分别从1 mm升高至3,5,7和9 mm,TB2合金等通道弯角挤压后的应变均匀性更好和挤压载荷明显增大,较小的外转角半径能够使TB2合金挤压后获得较好的应变均匀性。综合内转角半径和外转角半径的有限元分析结果,当外转角半径为4 mm,内转角半径为5 mm时,TB2合金经等通道弯角挤压后具有最为理想的应变均匀性分布。     

等通道转角挤压Mg-1Zn-2Nd合金的力学性能

试验研究了经过不同道次和路径等通道转角挤压的Mg-1Zn-2Nd合金的硬度及其在不同应变速率和试验温度下的力学性能,观察分析了等通道转角挤压Mg-1Zn-2Nd合金的拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,等通道转角挤压Mg-1Zn-2Nd合金在不同试验温度下的伸长率和屈服强度与挤压道次和路径以及所采用的应变速率密切相关;而且经过不同道次和路径等通道转角挤压的Mg-1Zn-2Nd合金在拉伸加载条件下呈现典型的韧性断裂特征,采用4道次路径C等通道转角挤压的Mg-Zn-Nd合金在300℃时的伸长率最大为381.8%。     

Zn对铸态及ECAP态Mg15Al合金组织与性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM、EDS和拉伸试验,研究添加Zn元素前后铸态和等通道转角挤压(ECAP)态Mg15Al高铝镁合金的组织和力学性能。结果表明,Zn添加到Mg15Al合金中,主要固溶于β-Mg17Al12相,不生成新相。能够促进铸态Mg15Al合金中α-Mg晶粒细化,使β-Mg17Al12相质量分数增加,以及网状化加剧;使ECAP挤压后Mg15Al-1Zn合金中α-Mg基体晶粒平均尺寸由ECAP态Mg15Al合金的11.3μm减少到8.73μm,促进了β-Mg17Al12相的碎化和均匀分布;ECAP挤压能显著提高Mg15Al-1Zn和Mg15Al合金的综合力学性能,ECAP态Mg15Al-1Zn合金的抗拉强度较铸态合金提高了86%,ECAP态Mg15Al合金抗拉强度较铸态提高了60%,而且在屈服强度和塑性变化不大的情况下,ECAP态Mg15Al-1Zn合金比ECAP态Mg15Al合金室温抗拉强度提高了61.8MPa。说明Zn元素添加,能促进ECAP挤压对Mg15Al合金的晶粒细化效果,提高合金的综合力学性能。     

Effect of Silicon on the casting properties of Al-5.0%Cu alloy

Poor casting properties restrict the application of high strength casting Al-5.0%Cu alloy.The addition of element can improve the casting properties of this alloy.Effect of Si on the casting properties of Al-5.0%Cu alloy was studied.It has been found that the addition of Si can improve the casting properties of Al-5.0%Cu alloy obviously.With the increase of Si content, the hot cracking tendency of the alloy decreases significantly, and the fluidity of the alloy increases firstly and then decreases slowly.When the content of Si element is higher than 2wt.%, the fluidity of the alloy increases greatly with the increasing of Si content.     

热处理对粉末冶金铝铜合金组织性能的影响

以纯铝和氧化铜粉末为原料,运用热等静压原位合成技术,制备了粉末冶金铝铜合金(Al-4.5%Cu)。研究了固溶和时效工艺对其组织和性能的影响,并分析讨论其作用机理。结果表明,粉末冶金法制备的铝铜合金组织均匀、致密,固溶+时效处理使合金硬度、强度明显提高,塑性和韧性略有下降。经过550℃×11 h固溶+150℃×46 h时效处理,合金的维氏硬度HV为1300 MPa,抗拉强度σb为328 MPa,冲击韧性αk为72.85 kJ.m-2,伸长率δ为6.63%。     

Influence of titanium content on wear resistance of electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys

The wear resistance of six kinds of the electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with various Ti content ranging from 0.00wt.% to 0.21wt.% has been studied. A new method of adding Ti is adopted in the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy ingots. The electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys are produced by remelting the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy, crystal silicon, pure magnesium, AI-50%Cu and AI-10%Mn master alloy. The wear experiments are conducted using MM200 wear testing machine under lubricating condition. The results indicate that the better wear resistance and the less weight loss are achieved in the study for the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with 0.08wt.%-0.12wt.% Ti content. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 135.94 MPa at 300℃ and HV141.70 hardness of the alloys are obtained at 0.12wt.% and 0.08wt.% Ti content, respectively. The wear mechanism of the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys under lubricating condition is abrasive wear.     

Influence of titanium content on wear resistance of electrolytic low-titanium eutectic Al-Si piston alloys

The wear resistance of six kinds of the electrolytic low-titanium eutectic Al-Si piston alloys with various Ti content ranging from 0.00wt.% to 0.21wt.% has been studied. A new method of adding Ti is adopted in the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy ingots. The electrolytic low-titanium eutectic AI-Si piston alloys are produced by remelting the electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy, crystal silicon, pure magnesium, Al-50%Cu and Al-10%Mn master alloy. The wear experiments are conducted using MM200 wear testing machine under lubricating condition. The results indicate that the better wear resistance and the less weight loss are achieved in the study for the eutectic AI-Si piston alloys with 0.08wt.%-0.12wt.% Ti content. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 135.94 MPa at 300℃ and HV141.70 hardness of the alloys are obtained at 0.12wt.% and 0.08wt.% Ti content, respectively. The wear mechanism of the eutectic Al-Si piston alloys under lubricating condition is abrasive wear.     

Influence of thermo hydrogen treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy

Thermo hydrogen treatment(THT) of titanium is a process in which hydrogen is used as a temporary alloying element in titanium alloys. It is an attractive approach for controlling the microstructure and thereby improving the final mechanical properties. In the present study, the microstructure of the original(non-hydrogenated) sample has only α phase and the grains is coarse with an average size of ~ 650 μm. While the grain size of thermo hydrogen treated Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy became finer and the mechanical properties were improved significantly. When the hydrogen content of the hydrogenated Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy is 0.321 wt.%, β phase and δ titanium hydride appear. Also the average grain size decreases to 450 μm. When the hydrogen content is 0.515 wt.%, the grain size decreases to 220 μm. The mechanical properties were tested after dehydrogenation, and the mechanical properties improved significantly compared to the unhydrogenated specimens. The tensile strength of the Ti-5Al-2.5Sn ELI alloy improved by 17.7% when the hydrogen content increased to 0.920 wt.%, at the same time the percentage reduction of area(Z) increased by 33% and the impact toughness increased by 37%.     

Tensile properties and fracture characteristics of ECAP-processed Al and Al-Cu alloys

In the present paper, billets of pure Al, and cast-homogenized Al-2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.% Cu alloys were successfully processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 10 passes without fracture at room temperature using a die with a channel angle of 110°. Giant strains imposed on workpieces lead to extreme dislocation densities, microstructural refinement, and finally ultrafine grained materials. Tensile tests were employed to examine the fracture modes and fracture surface morphologies of the ECAP-processed Al and Al-Cu alloy samples. In particular, the effects of the number of ECAP passes and the Cu content were investigated.     

稀土Ce对Al-Cu4.5%合金热疲劳性能的影响

在接近材料实际工况的实验条件下,以铝铜合金(Cu4.5%)为研究对象,用自约束型热疲劳实验机对铈加入量不同的合金,进行了热疲劳实验以及热疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展规律的研究。结果表明:在裂纹萌生阶段,不加铈的铝铜合金的裂纹萌生速度明显大于加铈的合金;在裂纹扩展阶段,不加铈的铝铜合金裂纹扩展速度仍是最快。加入0.5?的合金在裂纹形成后期扩展速度明显加快,这是因为合金中出现针状富稀土相,这种针状相割裂了基体,使得合金力学性能降低、热疲劳抗力下降。加入0.3?的合金不论在裂纹萌生阶段还是裂纹扩展阶段,其热疲劳抗力都优于其它成分的合金。     

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.     

Novel high strength Al-10.5Si-3.4Cu-0.2Mg alloy produced through two-stage solution heat treatment

Mechanical properties of aluminum-silicon-copper alloys are enhanced through precipitation hardening. The response of these alloys to age-hardening is very slow. To overcome this problem, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 wt.% magnesium were added to Al-10.5Si-3.4Cu alloy. The new alloys were subjected to two types of precipitation hardening processes different in the solutionizing stage. The results showed that the presence of various amounts of magnesium in the composition of this alloy accelerates the response to ageing treatments, increasing the hardness and strength. Higher mechanical properties can be achieved when the alloys were subjected to a two-stage solution heat treatment. It is found that Al-10.5Si-3.4Cu alloy containing 0.2 wt.% Mg treated through a two-stage solution process, has optimum properties with ultimate tensile strength of 383.9 MPa, yield strength of 289.7 MPa and elongation of 3.97%, and can be used as a substitute for a large number of aluminum castings which need high strength and excellent castability.     

Effects of ECAP and Aging on Mechanical and Superelastic Behaviors of Ti-Mo-Based and Ti-25at.%Nb SMAs

Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) are increasingly recognized as promising functional materials for medical applications. The mechanical properties of these metastable Ti-based SMAs are sensitive to aging and thermomechanical treatment. Effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD)-equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and aging on superelastic behavior of Ni-free Ti-based SMAs, Ti-9.8Mo-3.9Nb-2V-3.1Al?wt.% (TMNVA) and Ti-25at.%Nb, have been investigated. The results show that the yielding strength of TMNVA alloy increases sharply with the number of ECAP processes??to greater than 1,400?MPa after two passes ECAP??but elongation of TMNVA alloy decreases severely and the plasticity is lost completely after two passes ECAP. Both ECAP process and flash annealing treatment have weak contribution to the superelastic recoverable strains of Ti-Mo-based alloy. For Ti-25at.%Nb alloy, after one pass ECAP process at 400?°C, the yielding stress increases obviously, and the recovery strain increases a little. With the further increase in the number of ECAP processes, the yielding stress and the recovery strain change little. Aging treatment at low temperature after ECAP process is in favor of superelasticity of Ti-25at.%Nb alloy. An almost completely recoverable strain of 1.5% is obtained in Ti-25at.%Nb alloy after two passes ECAP and aging at 300?°C for 1?h. The mechanisms of the effects of SPD and aging are also discussed.