基于光滤波器的光时分复用光谱压缩技术实验

提出了解复用窗口匹配滤波器的概念,分析了利用光带通滤波器提高光时分复用(OTDM)频谱效率的光谱压缩技术。基于自制的40Gb/sOTDM复用器,采用电吸收调制器(EAM)及时钟提取模块组成的反馈环路解复用模块,以阵列波导光栅(AWG)作为电吸收采样窗口(EASW)的匹配滤波器对4×10Gbit/sOTDM信号进行光谱压缩,实现了无误码传输100km及传输后的解复用。实验结果表明,AWG的使用使得OTDM信号的频谱效率提高至4倍。     

A Hybrid OTDM Scheme With Enhanced Demultiplexing Performance

We propose a novel hybrid optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) approach, which contains hybrid modulation formats of return-to-zero on-off keying and return-to-zero differential-phase-shift keying, and investigate its demultiplexing performance. Compared with conventional OTDM with homogenous modulation format, the target demultiplexed channel in a hybrid OTDM signal suffers from much less degradation due to the possible crosstalk from the adjacent channels. We experimentally demonstrate 84.88- to 10.61-Gb/s hybrid OTDM demultiplexing and achieve a relatively wide switching window, which cannot be realized by using the conventional OTDM. Moreover, experimental results at 42.44 Gb/s show a much larger tolerance against timing misalignment in demultiplexing, which further validates the improved demultiplexing performance by using the hybrid OTDM scheme.     

Demultiplexing of 168-Gb/s data pulses with a hybrid-integratedsymmetric Mach-Zehnder all-optical switch

We have developed a hybrid-integrated symmetric Mach-Zehnder all-optical switch and evaluated the demultiplexing of 168-Gb/s data pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz with this switch. A compact, stable device was realized by assembling semiconductor optical amplifiers as nonlinear waveguides on a planar lightwave circuit in a self-aligned manner. A 6.0-ps switching window needed for 168-Gb/s demultiplexing was provided by the push-pull operation of the symmetric Mach-Zehnder all-optical switch. Demultiplexed signal light showed a high extinction ratio of better than 18 dB. Error-free demultiplexing with a bit error rate of 10^-11 was achieved     

Toward a 100-Gsample/s photonic A-D converter

We propose a 100-Gsample-per-second (GSPS) real time photonic analog-to-digital converter architecture and demonstrate the 100-GSPS photonic sampling and 1:8 time-division optical demultiplexing required to implement such a converter. The high-speed demultiplexing is achieved with a lithium niobate intensity modulator-based serial-parallel converter. Experimental results are presented indicating the potential for >4-bit performance in a fully implemented analog-to-digital conversion system     

Signal-to-noise ratio analysis of 100 Gb/s demultiplexing usingnonlinear optical loop mirror

This paper investigates experimentally and theoretically the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characteristics of 100 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexing using a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). The analysis takes into account two effects that degrade the SNR associated with NOLM demultiplexing. First is channel crosstalk originating from the leakage of nontarget channels. Second is the intensity fluctuations of demultiplexed signals caused by the combined effects of timing jitter and a profile of the switching window. Considering these two effects, power penalties associated with NOLM. Demultiplexing are theoretically evaluated using the conventional noise theory of an optical receiver followed by an optical preamplifier. Experimental results of bit error rate measurements for 100 Gb/s demultiplexing using three different NOLMs with different intrinsic crosstalk values, defined by signal transmittance in the absence of control pulses, show that the power penalties are in good agreement with the evaluation based upon our proposed analysis. It can be found from our investigation in demultiplexing from 100 to 10 Gb/s that intrinsic crosstalk of less than -25 dB, corresponding to a coupling ratio, K, of |K-0.5|⩽0.03, is required for the power penalty of less than 1 dB. The root-mean-square (rms) value of the relative timing jitter necessary for obtaining a sufficient timing tolerance width for combining control and signal pulses is determined     

Two-stage Sagnac demultiplexer

Cascading a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based Sagnac interferometer with a second Sagnac stage allows significant improvement in the overall demultiplexer performance. A theoretical analysis and simulations show that the exploitation of a two-stage architecture results in a demultiplexing window sharpness and time compression. Eye-diagram and Q-factor experimental characterization at 2.5 Gb/s of the demultiplexer is presented, showing a 25% compression in time of the two-stage switching window and a 4.7 Q-factor improvement.     

160-Gb/s all-optical demultiplexing using a gain-transparentultrafast-nonlinear interferometer (GT-UNI)

We report on an all-optical demultiplexer based on gain-transparent operation of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in an ultrafast-nonlinear interferometer (GT-UNI). The GT-UNI comprises a robust fiber-chip setup in a folded geometry. For switching window widths of 5.2 ps and 6.0 ps, error-free demultiplexing of 160-10 Gb/s is demonstrated     

基于非线性极化旋转技术的640G全光解复用

考虑超快载流子动态特性,文章通过仿真详细分析了基于半导体光放大器的非线性极化旋转效应实现640Gb/s到80Gb/s的解复用方案.结果表明:开关窗口的上升沿随时钟脉冲能量的变化不是很明显,而FWHM和下降沿则随时钟脉冲能量的增加而增加.此外,在相同条件下,当输入的时钟信号为TE模式时,输出的解复用信号具有最高的信道压制比.     

Effects of crosstalk and timing jitter on all-optical time-divisiondemultiplexing using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer switch

All-optical time-division demultiplexing using a nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer switch (NSIS) is studied with respect to the two main causes that degrade the bit-error-rate (BER) performance: crosstalk and timing jitter. It is shown that unwanted cross-phase-modulation in the reference signal which counter-propagates to the control pulse, as well as the poor extinction of the switch itself, seriously degrades the extinction ratio of the switch, thus increasing the crosstalk from other channels. Numerical calculations clarify the effect of the switching window width, window shape, and the multiplexed channel number on the power penalty in terms of BER performance. Timing jitter between the signal and control pulses is investigated as another degradation factor that causes an error floor in BER performance. It is found that the minimum BER is obtained when the window width is set to the time slot width and the rms value of the jitter must be less than 1/14.1 times the time slot width to ensure that BER<10^-12. To confirm this analysis, precise measurements of BER performance with NSIS-based demultiplexing are performed using amplified gain-switched laser diode pulses, as the relative timing jitter, switching window width, and multiplexed channel number are varied. Good agreement with the analysis is shown. Finally, optimum system design based on a small power penalty and low error floor is described. It is shown that the NSIS has the potential of demultiplexing a 160-Gb/s or 320-Gb/s optical data stream into its 40-Gb/s constituents with only a 4-dB or 7-dB power penalty     

Integrated Electro-Absorption Modulation DFB Laser Based Optical True Time-Delay Feeder for X-Band Phased Array Antennas

A 4-bit optical true-time-delay feeder incorporating an integrated electro-absorption modulation distributed feedback (DFB) laser for X-band phased array antennas is demonstrated. The integrated electro-absorption modulation DFB laser is an attractive device that provides a very compact, low-cost solution for optical true-time-delay systems. The variable delay line is constructed by cascaded magneto-optic switches, which have fast switching speed. The integrated electro-absorption modulation DFB laser system shows high signal-to-noise ratio up to 58dB, and the transmission performance of the system is relatively good and accredited.     

Frequency-domain measurement of carrier escape times in MQW electro-absorption optical modulators

Frequency-domain measurement of carrier escape times in reverse-biased multiple-quantum wells (MQW's) is proposed and demonstrated. Measurement and analysis of opto-to-electrical (OE) frequency response give the escape times of both electrons and holes with excellent time resolution. Using this technique, we measured escape times in an InGaAs-InAlAs MQW electro-absorption modulator and estimated the carrier density in the wells during optical input. This measurement can clarify the optical saturation effect in optical devices such as MQW electro-absorption modulators.     

Optical Under-Sampling and Reconstruction of Several Bandwidth-Limited Signals

We demonstrate experimentally an optical system for under-sampling several bandwidth-limited signals with carrier frequencies that are not known apriori and can be located anywhere within a very broad frequency region between 0-18 GHz. The system is based on under-sampling asynchronously at three different sampling rates. The optical pulses required for the under-sampling are generated by a combination of an electrical comb generator and an electro-absorption optical modulator. To reduce loss and improve performance the implementation of the optical system is based on a wavelength division multiplexing technique. An accurate reconstruction of both the phase and the amplitude was obtained when two chirped signals each with a bandwidth of about 150 MHz were sampled.     

4×10Gb/s OTDM复用与解复用结构优化技术研究

基于40Gb/s OTDM复用结构,利用电吸收调制器(EAM)及时钟提取模块组成的解复用模型,实现了10GHz时钟分量的提取和信号的解复用.针对OTDM复用后信号的非等幅现象以及对应频谱中含有10GHz、20GHz等其他频谱分量的情况,进行了仿真分析及讨论.同时通过实验对不同的时钟提取与解复用结构提取出的时钟信号的质量进行了对比,优化了解复用结构,得到了抖动更小的帧时钟信号.     

Optical signal processing via two-photon absorption in a semiconductor microcavity for the next generation of high-speed optical communications network

Due to the introduction of new broadband services, individual line data rates are expected to exceed 100 Gb/s in the near future. To operate at these high speeds, new optical signal processing techniques will have to be developed. This paper will demonstrate that two-photon absorption in a specially designed semiconductor microcavity is an ideal candidate for optical signal processing applications such as autocorrelation, sampling, and demultiplexing in high-speed wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) and hybrid WDM/optical time-division-multiplexed networks.     

12 Gsample/s wavelength division sampling analogue-to-digitalconverter

We have demonstrated a 12Gsample/s continuous time ADC system using wavelength division sampling. Three 4Gsample/s optical pulse trains operating at different wavelengths are interleaved in time to achieved a rate of 12Gsample/s. The interleaving and demultiplexing of the samples is performed using only passive optical filters. Three 4Gsample/s electronic ADCs are then used to digitise the data, the complete signal being reconstructed in the digital domain     

Characterization of the Dynamic Absorption of Electroabsorption Modulators With Application to OTDM Demultiplexing

In this paper, a technique for characterizing the dynamic absorption of electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) under high-frequency sinusoidal modulation is described. By using an optical sampling oscilloscope (OSO), the nonlinear response of a modulator to 10- and 40-GHz modulation is accurately measured. The results for the dynamic absorption are used in a measurement-based model to calculate optical gating windows for the demultiplexing of a 160-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) signal to its 10- and 40-Gb/s tributary signals. Good agreement is achieved between the calculated and measured gating windows.      

Compact all-fibre wavelength drop and insert filter

A compact all-fibre design, composing two identical Bragg gratings written on to the arms of a fused fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer, has been used to produce a low-loss wavelength drop and insert filter for wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing applications in optical fibre communication systems. A prototype device has been produced which can multiplex/demultiplex a signal centred on 1558.7 nm with any other wavelength in the 1550 nm transmission window with a maximum insertion loss of 1.0 dB     

All-optical switching at multi-100-Gb/s data rates with Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches

We present experimental and theoretical results on ultrafast nonlinear dynamics in InGaAsP semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Carrier heating, spectral hole burning, and two-photon absorption are analyzed by heterodyne pump-probe experiments which deliver basic model parameters like gain-phase coupling parameters of the material. The impact on the device performance induced by these physical effects is verified by cross-gain/cross-phase experiments on InGaAsP-based SOAs and Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches. In the co-propagation arrangement, the switching window with maximum transmission is shown to be 1.5 ps which translates into demultiplexing capabilities beyond 600 Gb/s. Calculations based on a distributed rate equation model show that, for high-speed applications, the switching window can be limited by pulse saturation and by subpicosecond nonlinear effects.     

偏分复用系统中直接解复用反馈信号建模及验证

在采用直接解复用的偏分复用(PDM)系统中,反馈信号是决定系统解复用性能的关键因素,因此反馈信号的选取与正确建模至关重要。本文详细分析了两偏振态信号光相干性对基于光功率差和射频(RF)功率两种直接解复用反馈信号的影响,完善了相关的理论模型,建立了100Gbit/s的PDM-DQPSK传输系统仿真平台,对两种反馈信号的解复用效果进行了验证。结果表明,无论两偏振态信号光的相干性如何,基于光功率差的反馈信号都适用,而RF功率反馈信号只适用于信号光相干度较大的情况;在两种反馈信号均可以使用的情况下,它们的解复用效果基本相同,引入的光功率代价均约为0.1dB。     

高速光时分复用系统的全光解复用技术

作为高速光信号处理应用的一个分支,全光解复用技术涉及到半导体非线性光学多方面的问题,是实现高速光时分复用（OTDM）系统的关键技术之一。文章对现有的OTDM系统的全光解复用技术进行了综述,较为详细地描述了两类主流技术的工作原理,对两者的优缺点做了剖析,介绍了潜在的基于更高速全光开关的解复用新技术,并探讨了全光解复用技术的演进思路。