铜湿法冶金现状及未来发展方向

目前氧化铜矿堆浸／溶剂萃取／电积生产阴极铜，已被证实是一种低成本的铜冶炼方法。堆浸／萃取／电积法的成功也带来了开发湿法冶金工艺从黄铜矿和其他铜精矿中提铜的复兴，本文论述了湿法炼铜工艺的现状并考察了商业上最具吸引力的潜在应用，对湿法处理黄铜矿精矿的优缺点及其初步的经济指标与现有最好的铜熔炼和精炼生产进行了比较。     

黄铜矿湿法冶金研究进展

阐述了黄铜矿湿法冶金的现状,各种工艺的原理、流程、优缺点及现行发展规模。当前,浸出／溶剂萃取／电积技术在铜湿法冶金中得到普遍应用,是其未来发展趋势。加压酸浸的实际应用很少;卤化盐类浸出工艺比较复杂,多数还处于试验或示范发展阶段;堆浸／萃取／电积主要处理低品位铜矿,其作业周期长,但已经取得很好的工业实践效果。介绍了绿色溶剂-离子液体浸出黄铜矿的研究。     

《中国有色冶金》2006年(第35卷)总目次

篇名期次国外工程技术清洁的炼钢工艺l确保弃渣含铜较低的三菱工艺l用循环流化床技术焙烧金矿石2曼托维蒂堆浸一溶剂浸出一电积厂的工艺改进2改进的EcuPrex工艺—处理含黄铜矿铜精矿有前途的湿法冶金工艺3用旋涡熔炼法直接生产白冰铜和粗铜3铜湿法冶金现状及未来发展方向4艾萨熔炼法—不只是昙花一现4采用高电流密度生产优质电积铜5铜冶炼厂现有最佳硫酸生产技术:最新总结5综述与专论在不断创新中开创新的百年—水口山有色金属集团有限公司110年创新发展历程和展望6轻金属大型预焙铝电解槽侧部破损的处理方法l白银160 kA电解槽技术改造实…     

用Hydro Copper法从铜精矿中收回铜和金

目前最普遍应用的生产铜的方法是硫化铜精矿的火法熔炼,另一种生产方法是氧化铜矿石用稀硫酸堆浸,再经溶剂萃取和电积(SX-EW)回收铜,这种方法的应用也日益增多。现在用溶剂萃取-电积法生产的铜,已占原生铜产量的22%。与火法熔炼和精炼铜相比,堆浸的成本较低,因为后者省去了能量消耗较高的矿石破碎磨矿和浮选过程。但由于氧化铜矿的资源有限,黄铜矿的浸出时间长且不能回收金,限制了浸出-溶剂萃取-电积法的推广应用。在处理铜精矿时,将湿法冶金浸出作为火法熔炼的替代方法,已经历了长期研究。在浸出过程中,精矿在搅拌反应槽内氧化和溶解。但…     

湿法冶金技术在滇中铜矿石处理中的应用

用现代湿法冶金技术中的硫酸堆浸-萃取-电积工艺处理低品位、复杂难选冶氧化铜矿,用硫酸化焙烧-浸出-电积工艺处理硫化铜矿,生产合格电解铜,成本大大降低,可获得较好的经济效益和社会效益。采用此工艺处理滇中地区氧化铜矿和硫化铜矿,既解决了环保问题,又提高了铜回收率。     

提高德兴铜矿堆浸厂铜产量的途径

堆浸—萃取—电积工艺于 196 8年在美国投产后 ,在世界铜行业获得了飞速发展。德兴铜矿也于 1997年应用该技术建成堆浸厂 ,当年生产电积铜 5 0t。因诸多因素影响 ,投产后铜产量一直难以达产。本人在充分了解堆浸厂现状及相关研究资料的基础上 ,结合实际生产管理经验 ,对影响产量进一步提高的各因素进行了综合分析 ,并提出了相关改进措施。     

马格马铜公司圣曼努埃尔溶剂萃取电积厂的生产实践和革新

1986年以后,马格马铜公司圣曼努埃尔溶剂萃取电积厂的设施投入生产。最初的工厂设施设计能力为25000吨/年电积铜,处理露天矿堆浸的富浸出液。1988年,工厂扩建至50000吨/年,增加处理来自就地浸出的浸出液。本文提供了工厂实践总的概貌,特别着重于马格马铜公司在该厂建设和生产期间研制与完成的工艺革新。讨论范围包括矿化硅孔雀石的堆浸和就地浸出,溶剂萃取和艾萨法电积。本文重点放在电积操作经验和工艺改进。马格马铜公司最初的溶剂萃取电积工厂设施建于1986年,处理圣曼努埃尔矿体露天开采氧化帽的矿石。采出的矿石(基本上是硅孔雀石)放置在高密度聚乙烯塑料衬板上。然后用稀硫酸浸出。浸出得到的富浸出液送溶剂萃取车间,最终制成电积铜。     

降低湿法生产电积铜能耗的探索

浸出-萃取-电积工艺生产电铜过程中,主要生产成本来自原矿(原料)成本、电耗、H_2SO_4消耗。通过铜电积电耗、电积过程槽电压构成、电积节能措施等影响能耗因素进行考察,探讨降低湿法铜生产成本的方法,促进湿法生产电积铜技术的推广应用。     

桂花铜矿生产技术工艺研究

桂花铜矿已探明储量21万t，薄层矿体适宜民采，人工氧硫分选，氧化矿采用堆浸-萃取-电积工艺生产1^#电铜；硫化矿采用浮选工艺生产精矿回收铜银。     

黄铜矿的生物浸出可行吗？

１背景情况生物浸出被认为是利用自然界固有的生物体来加速对硫化矿浸出的一个自然过程,尽管认识生物浸出现象已有多年了,但作为可以控制的提铜过程,对矿山公司来说是相对较新的工艺。目前公司参与生物搅拌浸出来处理铜精矿的技术人员,正在利用生物堆浸工艺处理矿石,并使生物浸出的发展获得极大地提高。２黄铜矿的生物浸出铜工业中最为关注的热点是难处理的硫化铜矿———黄铜矿。历史上已证明了黄铜矿采用常规生物浸出工艺,即原矿石堆浸、或铜精矿的搅拌浸出,难于获得高的回收率。黄铜矿的湿法冶炼取代火法冶炼的重要性,已成为前些…     

黄铜矿的湿法冶金工艺研究进展

介绍了黄铜矿湿法冶金的最新进展及工艺特性，探讨了黄铜矿湿法冶金的发展前景。Dynatec加煤粉流程和CESL二段浸出流程很好地解决了中温压力氧化酸浸过程中单质硫的影响，对材质的耐腐蚀性要求低，在低能耗下获得了高的浸出效果，对于主要分布于黄铜矿中的含金铜精矿，可获得很高的金回收率。Intec和Hydro Copper工艺在常压低温氯化介质中很好地浸出黄铜矿精矿，并能同时回收伴生的贵金属．生产的中间产品铜粉可直接加工高附加值产品，能耗低，回收率高，是复杂铜精矿湿法冶金的途径．Geocoat工艺的诞生使得高品位黄铜矿精矿大规模高温细菌氧化浸出成为现实，它克服了细菌浸出对设备要求高的缺点，利用堆浸的优势，以低的运行成本获取高的黄铜矿浸出率。     

Biotechnology in minerals processing: Technological breakthroughs creating value

The maturation of biotechnology applied to the minerals industry has required some key breakthroughs. Commercial success started with the mesophilic oxidation of refractory gold ores via the now-well-established BIOX® process. This was followed by the development of the BioCOP™ process for extracting copper from concentrates. In its initial format, this was a mesophilic process with limited capabilities for recovery of copper from chalcopyrite. The key breakthrough was determining how to achieve good copper extraction from primary sulfides using thermophiles, coupled with acceptable residence times and solids loadings. This opened a potential route to heap leaching of chalcopyrite, which is now a major focus of research and development. Future developments will require the management of temperature, together with the progressive establishment of different microbial regimes.     

Electrochemical bioleaching of high grade chalcopyrite flotation concentrates in a stirred bioreactor

The main objective of this study is to improve the basic understanding of electrochemical bioleaching as an advanced hydrometallurgical process suitable for the treatment of high grade complex sulfide ores and to use this understanding for analyzing the potential of this process for copper recovery from high grade chalcopyrite ores and flotation concentrates. Using a typical flotation concentrate from the Sarcheshmeh copper processing complex (located in the south-east of Iran) and mixed mesophilic as well as moderately thermophilic microorganisms, leaching experiments were performed in a stirred bioreactor. The emphasis was given on the comparison between the results of bioleaching and that of electrochemical bioleaching tests. From the results of this study, it can be pointed out that compared to the conventional bioleaching; the electrochemical bioleaching of chalcopyrite flotation concentrate leads to about 35% more copper recovery. It seems that the main reason for increasing copper recovery by electrochemical bioleaching is the control of redox potential between 400 and 425 mV. Under this condition, the precipitation of iron oxy-hydroxides on the surface of chalcopyrite, which can act as a diffusion barrier and prevents chalcopyrite dissolution, is significantly reduced. This leads to a higher electrochemical reduction of chalcopyrite and its improved dissolution.     

铜精矿湿法除砷试验研究

研究了铜精矿湿法除砷、除砷浸出液循环利用和浸出液固砷。结果表明:采用湿法工艺可以较好地脱除铜精矿中的砷,砷脱除率达97.51%;只要浸出液中S2-浓度保持足够高,除砷浸出液循环利用就不影响砷的脱除,浸出渣中的砷质量分数可降低到0.50%以下,但是硫化钠耗量较大;除砷浸出液采用常压氧化—铁盐固砷工艺,固砷率为30.80%。     

高铅锌复杂黝铜精矿综合处理工艺选择

某高铅锌复杂黝铜精矿富含铜、银,还含有铅、锌、锑等有价金属。通过现有类似工艺方案的比较和试验验证,推荐采用"半硫酸化焙烧—硫酸浸出铜、锌—盐酸氯盐浸出银、锑—次氯酸钠氧化浸金—碳铵转化回收铅"的综合处理工艺回收有价元素。验证试验结果表明,铜、锌、铅的总回收率均大于95%,银、金、锑的总回收率分别大于98%、94%和90%。该工艺中各操作单元大多已有工业应用的实践经验,工业化简单。     

Leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite with H<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>-NaCl-O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The recovery of copper from chalcopyrite by leaching is complex not only due to the slow dissolution kinetics of this mineral in most aqueous media but also due to the production of solutions that are heavily contaminated with iron. On the contrary, the leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite is very attractive because of a faster and more selective dissolution of copper compared to the leaching of the untreated chalcopyrite. In this work, the results of leaching in H₂SO₄-NaCl-O₂ solutions of sulfidized chalcopyrite concentrate are discussed. Experiments were carried out with chalcopyrite concentrates previously reacted with elemental sulfur at 375 °C for 60 minutes. The results showed that the concentration of chloride ions below 0.5 M, temperature, and leaching time are important variables for the extraction of Cu. On the other hand, Fe extraction was little affected by the same variables, remaining below 6 pct for all the experimental conditions tested. Microscopic observations of the leached particles showed that the elemental sulfur produced by the reaction does not form a coherent layer surrounding the particle, but rather concentrates in certain locations as large clusters. The leaching kinetics can be accurately described by a nonreactive core-shrinking rim topochemical expression for spherical particles 1 − (1 − 0.45X)^1/3=kt. The activation energy found was 76 kJ/mol for the range 85 °C to 100 °C.     

某浮选铜精矿中铜、金浸出试验研究

在氯盐酸性体系中,对某浮选铜精矿进行了加压氧化浸铜的试验研究,探讨了温度、氧气分压、硫酸用量、氯化钠用量等对铜精矿中铜、铁浸出的影响。试验结果表明：在氧化温度110℃、氧分压0．45MPa、矿样粒度-0．043mm占85％、硫酸用量90g／L、氯化钠用量30g／L、液固比5／1、浸出时间2、5h、搅拌速度750r／min初始条件下,获得铜浸出率为92．18％。铜浸出渣经摇床重选脱硫,脱硫渣氰化浸金。当浮选精矿铜浸出率达到90％上时,对应渣中金的氰化浸出率都在96％以上。     

高铜钼精矿湿法浸铜工艺试验研究

对某铜矿钼品位43.49%、含铜3.37%的钼精矿进行了湿法浸铜工艺试验。结果表明:酸浸除铜和化学氧化-酸浸除铜工艺,铜浸出率较低,钼损失率较高,未能提高钼精矿钼品位;CJ-1溶液除铜工艺铜浸出率高,钼损失率低,可达到提高钼精矿钼品位并降低含铜的目的。