水（磨料）射流切割技术的发展和应用

综合介绍了水（磨料）射流切割技术的基本原理、工艺特点、主要设备、工业应用及今后的研究方向。     

CO2激光切割技术将在应用领域发挥越来越重要的作用

CO2激光切割具有切割质量好、割缝窄,切割速度快、效率高、热变形小、切割材料范围广,可进行立体切割、加工灵活、容易实现自动化及对环境污染小等一系列优点。     

关于提高板材数控火焰切割质量的探讨

针对数控火焰切割机在实际生产中经常出现的钢板零件的切割面质量缺陷、扭曲与弯曲严重、长度尺寸超差等质量问题,通过分析一系列的原因,提出提高切割钢板零件的质量从割嘴、切割编程的程序、切割工艺、钢板本身质量四方面抓起,以全方位控制切割钢板零件的质量,保证整机的制造精度.     

磨料水射流切割与激光切割,等离子切割的比较分析

根据大量实验研究结果，对磨料水射流切割与激光，等离子切割进行综合比较分析。阐明了磨料水射流对板材切割的适应性，合理性和经济性。     

超大厚度火焰切割工艺试验研究

为满足大型核电、火电、水电等发电机转子等超大厚度毛坯件制造需要,通过气割工艺试验分析元素成分、氧、燃气压力及流量、切割工艺等参数对超大厚度火焰切割效果的影响,经过改进优化,现切割能力达到3 100 mm,切割质量良好。     

国内外数控等离子切割技术的发展趋势

一、概述 数控等离子切割技术是集数控技术,计算机软、硬件技术,等离子切割技术,精密机械技术于一体的高新技术。发展数控等离子切割机可以彻底改变国内热切割行业的装备水平,扭转热切割工业目前存在的效率低,质量差,劳动强度大,材料利用率低,环境脏乱差的局面,缩小与国外先进国家的差距。同时,数控等离子切割技术的发展可带动相关领域和学科达到国际先进水平。 火焰切割、等离子切割和激光切割是热切割的三种主要方式,其技术经济性对比如下表所示。     

水切割加工工艺与特点

1.水切割工艺 水切割即以200～400MPa高压水来切割各种材料,分为纯水切割与磨料液切割。 (1)纯水切割 主要切割软材或薄板。其优点为: 1)无切削热,因此无热变形或汽化物,很适合切割FRP塑料及橡胶。 2)喷嘴孔径为 0.1～0.5mm,切缝小、节约材料,适于切割昂贵材料。     

关于动态切割技术的探讨

1 引言在现代工业中常常需要把运动的物体按一定长度切割。如塑料挤管机,钢筋校直切断机,塑料制袋机等。由于对运动的物体直接切割技术难度大,过程繁杂。因此很多设备都采用静态切割。即当被切割物体前进到所需长度时,让其停止,然后再切割。由于     

高效激光切割FMS

由于采用激光切割新工艺,现在用户在设计他们的零件时不再需要设计成矩形,而可以设计成带圆角或圆弧形的轮廓线。在过去,制造这样的零件,费用是很高的,需要先将整张板材剪切成坯料,然后再在数控回转头压力机上进行步冲加工。这样不仅模具有磨损,而且材料利用率也很低。现在采用了激光切割,使机床的调整时间减至最少,不再需要模具,因而省去了模具更换、刃磨等工作,同时也消除了由于模具间隙而产生的种种问题。     

Mice embryology: A microscopic overview

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM,CHROMIUM, COPPER,IRON, LEAD,AND ZINC IN OYSTERS FROM SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

This article presents a follow-up, a more comprehensive and extensive study to a previous, but limited study on three metals in oysters from the West Cove area of Lake Calcasieu in Southwest Louisiana. Results from a two-sampling period in mid-October and mid-December 2009 showed concentrations levels in μg/g (mean of 15 oysters, ± standard deviation, and range) as determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) of cadmium, 5.0, ±0.5, 4.0–6.3, and 3.0, ±0.5, 1.8–5.3; chromium, 3.1, ±0.6, 2.0–3.6, and 1.7, ±0.6, 0.7–3.0; copper, 125.0, ±115, 58–245, and 115, ±45, 76–228; iron, 224, ±66, 142–403, and 311, ±111, 160–559; lead, 3.4, ±0.7, 1.6–5.8, and 4.7, ±2.3, 0.7–13; and zinc, 1859, ±774, 740–3471, and 1578, ±783, 692–3056. These concentrations were lower by at least a factor of 10 from the previous study on cadmium and lead but similar to store-bought oysters. The two sampling period concentrations were not statistically different for the two sampling month periods. The lowering of the concentration was attributed to a cleaner (from metals) oyster beds. Results of the six metals from soils in six different sites in the oyster beds showed comparable or slightly higher concentrations than the oysters. Water samples from the six sites were low, or below the detection limit of the ICP-OES instrument.     

低温密封酸溶——高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中50个微量元素的评价

The method based on the determination of trace elements in geological samples by sector high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with mixed acid digestion procedure has been evaluated. The evaluation show that the results of 29 elements including Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Y, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, W, Tl, Bi, Th and U are satisfactory; V, Sr, Nb, Mo, In, Sb, Ba and Pb are acceptable; Sc, Cd, Hf, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ge and Sn have of large deviations, Be, Ta, Zr, As and Se are worse.     

并联微操作机器人技术及应用进展

微/纳米并联微操作机器人技术是综合微/纳米技术和并联机器人技术迅速发展而形成的新研究方向,涉及精密机械、机器人、计算机、自动控制、精密测量等多学科领域,广泛应用于生物医学领域中的细胞与基因操作、精细外科手术、微电子装配、微细加工、光纤对接等领域。通过对当前国内外并联微操作机器人的研究状况、产品化应用以及实际应用等方面的发展态势进行详细地回顾,总结微/纳米级并联微操作机器人这一研究方向在工作空间、运动解耦性、承载能力、理论分析、柔性铰链设计、实时标定与测量、新材料、驱动等方面存在的问题,并提出改进意见,以期对该领域未来的创新设计以及发展研究产生一定的推动作用。     

[学科发展]润滑研究进展

过去20余年，薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、生物润滑、绿色润滑、微量润滑等取得了重要进展。最近10余年，超滑、仿生润滑、智能润滑与监测，以及摩擦学测试技术和模拟仿真技术等研究飞速发展。微观研究已经成为润滑研究的主要手段，面向风力发电机、高铁、深空探测、深海探测、大飞机、超高速飞行器、新能源汽车等领域的润滑与密封和绿色近零排放润滑研究已经成为工业界关注的焦点。超滑作为润滑领域的新型颠覆性技术，逐步显示出其在工业生产和人类日常生活中的应用优势与勃勃发展生机。生物润滑包括人类器官中的摩擦与润滑和仿生学研究，在人类健康生活方面展示出重要作用。极端环境（高温、超低温、真空、高压等）摩擦与润滑，在卫星、火箭、舰艇、核电站及其他国防设施上用途广泛。而智能润滑等新兴领域发展，也将智能化应用到润滑领域，为设备的智能运行和制造提供了新的思路。在此，对润滑领域几个重要发展方向，如超滑、薄膜润滑、纳米润滑、极端工况摩擦与润滑、智能润滑、生物仿生学、绿色摩擦与润滑，以及摩擦学测试方法等方面进行回顾，介绍了国内外同行最新研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。     

智能探路小车的制作

本文介绍的是一种具有集环境条件收集、环境因素判断、远程控制,实现实物采样、环境分析、智能避障、科学勘探、恶劣环境工作灾后救援等功能集一身的智能探路小车。在系统设计方面,该车以arduino为控制核心,以GT-38通讯模块,GT-U7 GPS模块,BT-06蓝牙模块,KB-03传感器模块,温湿度DHT11模块,HC-SR501人体感应模块为感应元件的智能探路小车模型,随着传感技术的发展和进步,智能化探路小车已经向实用化、智能化、系列化等方向发展,智能技术也广泛应用于各个领域。     

Nanostructural wear-resistant coatings produced on metal-cutting tools by electric-arc evaporation and magnetronic sputtering

The structure and properties of TiN, Ti-Si-N, Ti-Al-Si-N, Ti-Cr-Si-N, Ti-Zr-Si-N, Ti-B-N, Ti-Cr-B-N, and Ti-Si-B-N coatings obtained by reactive electric-arc evaporation and magnetronic sputtering of Ti, TiSi, TiAl, TiCr, TiZr, TiBN, TiCrB, and TiSiB targets are compared. Tests of cutting tools with these coatings in the drilling, turning and milling of steel indicate that the coating increases the tool’s life by a factor of 5–20.     

激光烧蚀与ICP-MS联用快速分析玩具中16种元素

本文建立了激光烧蚀进样与ICP-MS联用超快速分析玩具中铝、锑、砷、钡、硼、镉、铬、钴、铜、铅、锰、汞、镍、硒、锶、锌等16种有毒有害元素的分析方法。通过自制校正标样和仪器条件实验,优化了激光与ICP-MS的仪器参数。不同元素方法定量下限在0.03～245mg/kg之间,检测精密度在4.2%～11.7%(n=7)之间,对EC680k和EC681k标准样品检测结果与标准值数据吻合,实际样品的检测结果与ICP-MS法检测结果一致,数据准确、可靠,满足分析测试的要求,同时完全满足欧盟新玩具指令对有毒有害元素检测的限量要求。     

基于制造网格的产品资源协同平台研究和应用

针对钢铁汽车产业链具有的动态性、分布性、异构性和自治性的特点,提出了覆盖生产制造、贸易服务、加工配送和下游客户等企业单元的虚拟钢铁汽车产业链网络结构,构建了基于制造网格的产品资源协同平台系统框架,分为规则层、共性层、工具层、应用层、服务层;最后,通过在某钢铁集团、加工中心、第三方物流提供商和下游汽车客户之间的成功应用验证了系统的实用性和有效性。     

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