玉米秸皮浆与改性秸穰混合抄纸的研究

烧碱-蒽醌玉米秸皮浆中加入改性玉米秸穰后,除对浆白度和返黄值稍有不利影响外,大大改善了浆的其他性能,尤其表现在浆的强度性能方面。当浆中改性玉米秸穰含量为50%时,抗张指数、耐破指数达到最大值,与原浆相比,分别增加了121.20%和113.40%;耐折度的改善更加明显,耐折次数增加了23倍;撕裂指数的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在改性玉米秸穰含量为30%时,撕裂指数达到最大值,与原浆相比增加了28.87%。     

玉米秸皮生物化机浆与改性秸穰联合抄纸的研究

将玉米秸皮经过生物顶处理后磨制化学机械浆,并与秸穰混合抄制瓦楞原纸.制得的秸皮化机浆粗浆得率为B5.7%、白度为27.1%,经漂白后浆料得率为82.1%、白度为71.2%,打浆后各项强度性能指标都较为优良.改性秸穰的加入进一步改善秸皮浆性能,漂白浆返黄值有所下降,当秸穰含量为20%时,漂白浆的抗张指数和耐破指数达到最大值,分别增加了27.8%和17.4%;秸穰含量为30%时,未漂浆的抗张指数和耐破指数分别增加了96.8%和83.3%.同时,两种浆的耐折度也有显著改善.     

改性玉米秸穰改良浆强度性能及其机理的初步探讨

玉米秸穰改性后与APMP浆联合抄纸,纸张物理强度性能大大改善,与未打浆浆料1∶1混合抄纸时.抗张强度增加了约2倍.耐破度约增加了1倍.撕裂强度和耐折度也得到大幅提升.与打浆浆料联合抄纸时,抗张、耐破强度都在秸穰含量为50%时达到最大值,与原浆对照,分别增加了34.13%和40.57%.秸穰含量为20%时,撕裂强度达到最大值,增加了8.35%,此外.耐折强度也显著改善.利用FTIR光谱分析秸穰改性前后的组分变化,并对改性秸穰的作用机理做了初步探讨.     

改性玉米秸穰对麦草烧碱浆性能的改善作用

玉米秸穰改性后与麦草浆联合抄纸,返黄值稍有上升、不透明度有所下降,浆强度性能得到不同程度的改善。浆中秸穰含量为30%时,抗张指数和耐破指数分别为29.74N·m2/g和3.94kPa·m2/g,对比原浆分别增加了43.26%和47.01%。秸穰含量为10%时,撕裂指数达到最大值,为4.25mN·m2/g。同时,耐折度也有明显改善。此外,还对改性秸穰改善浆强度性能的机理做了简述。     

改性玉米秸穰改良浆强度牲能及其机理的初步探讨

玉米秸穰改性后与APMP浆联合抄纸，纸张物理强度性能大大改善，与未打浆浆料1：1混合抄纸时，抗张强度增加了约2倍，耐破度约增加了1倍，撕裂强度和耐折度也得到大幅提升。与打浆浆料联合抄纸时。抗张、耐破强度都在秸穰含量为50％时达到最大值，与原浆对照。分别增加了34．13％和40．57％。秸穰含量为20％时，撕裂强度达到最大值，增加了8．35％，此外，耐折强度也显著改善。利用FTIR光谱分析秸穰改性前后的组分变化，并对改性秸穰的作用机理做了初步探讨。     

改性玉米秸穰对麦草烧碱浆性能的改善作用

阐述了玉米秸穰改性后与麦草浆混合抄纸,返黄值稍有上升,不透明度有所下降,浆强度性能得到不同程度的改善。浆中秸穰含量为30％时,抗张指数和耐破指数分别为29．74N·m^2·g^-1和3．94KPa·m^2·g^-1,对比原浆分别增加了43．26％和147．01％。秸穰含量为10％时,撕裂指数达到最大值,为4．25mN·m^2·g^-1。同时,耐折度也有明显改善。此外,还对改性秸穰改善浆强度性能的机理做了简述。     

玉米秸秆在造纸工业中的应用及前景分析

结合前人的研究及本实验室的工作,对玉米秸秆化学组成成分、纤维形态及玉米秸皮制作化学浆和机械浆的实验做了综述：特别介绍了玉米秸穰改性后同样可以作为造纸原料应用于造纸工业中。且对浆性能具有显著的改善作用。并对改性玉米秸穰增强纸浆强度性能的机理做了简述;此外。还分析了玉米秸秆作为植物纤维原料应用于造纸工业中的前景及意义。     

高速纸机长纤维的磨浆策略

研究了针叶木经两台串联的、采用不同功率分配的盘磨机磨浆后纤维形态、浆料滤水、成纸性能以及磨浆能耗的变化.结果表明,与采用平均功率分配的磨浆方式相比,采用先低强度磨浆、后高强度磨浆,能增加比齿韧负荷,提高盘磨机磨浆效率,降低磨浆能量消耗.采用45%：55%功率分配磨浆方式,纤维卷曲和扭结度下降,浆料的滤水速度加快,有利于纸张的内聚力和耐破度提高;裂断长增加不明显.采用55%：45%和60%：40%功率分配磨浆方式,纤维长度下降,细小组分含量增加,浆料滤水速度下降,影响到纸机速度和产量.45%：55%功率分配磨浆方式能在低能耗情况下达到最佳磨浆效果.     

低浓磨浆对杨木BCTMP成纸性能的影响

以杨木BCTMP浆为原料,探讨低浓磨浆对化机浆纤维特性及成纸性能的影响。通过浆料筛分分析和纤维质量分析表明,随着磨浆程度的增加,浆中长纤维组分含量下降,细小纤维含量增加,纤维粗度和纤维平均长度减小,纤维卷曲、扭结程度降低,使纤维得到舒展,改善成纸性能。随着磨浆的进行,打浆度上升,成纸的松厚度下降,抗张强度及耐破度等强度性能逐步升高。当打浆度为35°SR时,重均长度和纤维粗度分别减小2.1%和5.1%,纤维卷曲和扭结指数分别降低8.0%和5.0%,利于纤维舒展;与磨浆前浆料相比,成纸松厚度下降10%,挺度、抗张指数和耐破指数分别提高20%、65.3%、23.2%,磨浆对纸张物理强度性能变化具有不同程度的影响,可以利用磨浆控制浆料中细小纤维含量来调整纸张的松厚度及强度。     

细小纤维对BCTMP成纸性能的影响

研究打浆对BCTMP细小纤维的影响,打浆度从20°SR上升到50°SR,杨木BCTMP的细小纤维含量由18.3%增加到35.4%。随着打浆度的提高,浆中长度大于0.6mm的纤维含量不断减少,长度小于0.075mm的细小纤维含量不断增加,当打浆度为30°SR时,浆中长纤维与细小纤维含量几乎相等。对BCTMP细小纤维组分进行筛分,分析细小纤维对成纸性能的影响,随着细小纤维含量增加,成纸的松厚度稍有降低,而纸张的抗张强度、耐破度及挺度均增加。其中,纸张抗张强度和耐破度变化较为明显,而成纸的松厚度和挺度变化较为平缓。     

玉米秸秆高得率浆细小组分特性及其对纸浆性能影响

以整株玉米秸秆为原料,采用环境友好型水热预处理与磨浆处理结合,制得一种高得率浆,并对细小组分进行高压均质(60 MPa)处理,重点对细小组分含量和形态变化对抄造纸张性能的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,玉米秸秆高得率浆保水值大,浆中细小组分含量高,对纸浆强度和滤水性能有较大影响,当筛除30.7%细小组分时,纸浆的抗张强度、耐破度和环压强度均高于未筛分浆。采用高压均质处理能改变细小组分形态,向玉米秸秆高得率浆的纤维组分中添加20%高压均质处理的细小组分时,与未筛分浆相比,打浆度和未筛分浆相近,抗张指数提高30.8%、耐破指数提高59.5%、环压指数提高25.2%。     

乙醇法玉米秆髓浆对OCC纸浆的增强效果

采用正交实验确定玉米秆髓乙醇法蒸煮的最佳条件,并将在最佳条件下蒸煮得到的玉米秆髓浆与OCC纸浆进行配抄,通过检测纸张的物理强度性能确定最佳配比。结果表明,玉米秆髓乙醇法蒸煮的最佳条件为:蒸煮最高温度185℃、保温时间90 min、液比1∶25、乙醇体积分数60%;玉米秆髓浆的较优加入量为20%～25%,与不含玉米秆髓浆的纸张相比,当玉米秆髓浆配比为25%时,成纸的抗张指数、环压指数和耐破指数分别提高了77.7%、47.1%和26.7%。     

阔叶木与非木材纤维原料混合制浆的研究

对阔叶木(杂交杨木)与非木材纤维原料(芒草、柳枝稷、玉米秸秆)的混合硫酸盐法制浆和ECF(无元素氯)漂白(漂序为OD(EP)D)进行了探讨。结果表明,在杨木木片中加入一定比例的上述非木材纤维原料(10%～30%)时,纸浆抗张强度有所提高,提高幅度在20%～25%之间。通过对纸浆碳水化合物组分进行分析发现,纸浆强度的提高与其聚木糖含量有关,即将少量聚木糖含量较高的非木材纤维原料与阔叶木一起混合蒸煮,能够获得品质优良的纸浆。     

生物酶预处理对高得率浆纸张性能和磨浆能耗的影响研究

本论文用AU-MTPE90酶和木聚糖酶对搓磨分丝后的马尾松木片进行预处理,并研究酶用量对纸张性能和磨浆能耗的影响。结果表明:经生物酶处理后的纸张强度得到明显提高,松厚度略有增加,其中,AU-MTPE90酶预处理后抗张指数可提高40.57%,撕裂指数可提高68.51%,松厚度可提高15.81%;木聚糖酶预处理后抗张指数可提高12.49%,撕裂指数可提高76.12%,松厚度可提高9.26%。同时,木聚糖酶预处理马尾松浆料后的纤维束含量降低显著,说明利用生物酶预处理浆料,可以提高原料的利用率,降低机械制浆的能耗。另一方面,木聚糖酶用量对纸张动态接触角的影响较大,在0.2s时,400转下酶用量为162u/g的浆料接触角即可达到未经酶处理的600转的效果,说明生物酶预处理浆可以减少磨浆转数,从而降低磨浆能耗。     

Digestibility by dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations containing citrus pulp

Ten lactating cows were divided into two groups and individually fed ad libitum one of two experimental total mixed rations (TMR) as follows: 1) a TMR containing 20% corn grain and 10% dry citrus pulp (high corn); and 2) a TMR containing 21% citrus pulp and 9% corn grain (high citrus pulp). Both TMR also contained corn silage (28%), legume haylage (19.5%), extruded full fat soybeans (13.5 to 14%), soybean meal (6.5%), and minerals and vitamins. Voluntary dry matter intake of cows consuming the high corn ration tended to be higher than for cows in the high citrus pulp group (22.2 vs. 20.7 +/- 1.0 kg/cow per day, respectively). Digestibility of NDF was higher for the TMR with high citrus pulp compared with the TMR with higher corn. Across treatments, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) glucose was more digestible than NDF xylose and uronic acids and less digestible than NDF arabinose, galactose, and mannose. Digestibility of total neutral detergent soluble carbohydrates was also higher in the high citrus pulp group (86.8, high citrus pulp vs. 80.3 +/- 1.7%, high corn); with glucose and uronic acids accounting for most of that difference. Consequently, higher total carbohydrate digestibility was obtained in the TMR containing higher citrus pulp compared with the TMR with a higher percentage of corn (77.1 and 72.5 +/- 1.0%, respectively). Slightly lower carbohydrate intake in cows fed higher citrus pulp was compensated by higher digestibility of carbohydrates and protein. Thereby, partial replacement of corn by citrus pulp in TMR of high producing dairy cows improved feed efficiency.     

胡麻双螺杆法皮杆分离后的制浆性能研究

本文主要研究双螺杆法分离胡麻韧皮部和木质部纤维所得纤维的制浆性能,以及加入NaOH等药品对其制浆性能的促进作用。结果发现,双螺杆法可使胡麻韧皮部和木质部纤维得以很好的分离(总得率可达40.4%),加入药品后韧皮部纤维100g/m2定量纸张的抗张和撕裂指数以及耐折度可达56.36 N.m/g、42.84 mN.m2/g和168次,比不加药品是高出了25%、30%和60%左右。与此同时,木质部纤维在经过磨浆处理后也可成浆,其50g/m2定量纸张的抗张和撕裂指数以及耐折度可达42.47N.m/g、5.30 mN.m2/g和10次,与不加药品相比提高了约100%、70%和200%。因此,综合可知,双螺杆法可将胡麻韧皮部和木质部纤维得以较好的分离,加入一定量NaOH等化学药品可提高其制浆性能,最终可针对两种纤维的性质,将二者进行合理利用,提高胡麻作为制浆造纸原料的利用效率。     

A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DEHYDRATED PUMPKIN FLAKES

Single strength pumpkin puree is difficult to drum dry due to its low solids content. It was found in this investigation that the rate of dehydration and quality of the finished product were improved by the addition of corn syrup solids and starch to the puree in amounts sufficient to raise the total solids to around 16%. The quality of pies made from flakes containing added starch and corn syrup solids was also improved over those made from unmodified single strength pumpkin puree. Best results were obtained with pumpkin flakes containing approximately 46% pumpkin solids, 38% corn syrup solids and 16% starch. Based on the average overall acceptable drying conditions and product quality, a ratio of 1 part starch to 2.5–3.0 parts corn syrup solids appeared to be in the optimum range.     

Pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn: 2. Effects on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics in lactating dairy cows

The effects of increasing concentrations of dried, pelleted beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on digestion and ruminal digestion kinetics were evaluated using eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Cows were 79 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD) d in milk at the beginning of the experiment. Experimental diets with 40% forage (corn silage and alfalfa silage) and 60% concentrate contained 0, 6.1, 12.1, or 24.3% beet pulp substituted for high-moisture corn on a dry matter basis. Diet concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch were 24.3 and 34.6% (0% beet pulp), 26.2 and 30.5% (6% beet pulp), 28.0 and 26.5% (12% beet pulp), and 31.6 and 18.4% (24% beet pulp), respectively. Ruminal dry matter pool decreased and NDF turnover rate increased as dietary beet pulp content increased. Potentially digestible NDF was digested more extensively and at a faster rate in the rumen with increasing beet pulp, resulting in increased total tract NDF digestibility. Passage rates of potentially digestible NDF and of indigestible NDF were not affected by treatment. True ruminal digestibility of starch decreased with increasing beet pulp substitution. This was caused by a linear increase in starch passage rate, possibly because of increasing ruminal fill, and a linear decrease in digestion rate of starch in the rumen, possibly because of reduced amylolytic enzyme activity for lower-starch diets. Although true ruminal starch digestibility decreased when more beet pulp was fed, whole tract starch digestibility was not affected because of compensatory digestion of starch in the intestines. Due to more thorough digestion of fiber in diets containing more beet pulp, whole-tract digestibility of organic matter increased linearly, and intake of digestible organic matter was not affected. Partially replacing high-moisture corn with beet pulp in low-forage diets increased fiber digestibility without reducing whole-tract starch digestibility.