再论以用户为中心的设计:新挑战和新机遇

文章讨论和分析了近十年来,以用户为中心的设计(User-centered Design,UCD)实践所面临的新挑战和新要求.虽然传统的UCD实践提供了坚实的设计理念和基本方法,但是这些基本方法已不能完全满足当今UCD实践的要求。因此,作者初步提出了一个进一步完善UCD实践的增强型UCD+的概念框架,并提出了一系列具体的方法和建议。     

信息动态

文章讨论和分析了近十年来,以用户为中心的设计(User-centered Design,UCD)实践所面临的新挑战和新要求.虽然传统的UCD实践提供了坚实的设计理念和基本方法,但是这些基本方法已不能完全满足当今UCD实践的要求.因此,作者初步提出了一个进一步完善UCD实践的增强型UCD+的概念框架,并提出了一系列具体的方法和建议.     

基于UCD的海上救援设备设计

目的基于UCD设计思维,指导设计功能语义诉求突出的海上救援设备,以达到救援受困人员和降低财产损失的目的。方法运用UCD设计思维与方法,深入研究产品的主要用户及使用环境,采访受困人员的体验感受并提炼其需求,同时聚焦海上救援的环境特殊性,从与救援产品的关系出发,挖掘海上救援设备的功能设计机会点。结论设计了海上救援设备“海洋救援者”,该产品以无人机为运输载体,携带海上救援救生包“生命胶囊”,能延长被救援者在等待救援时的生理耐受时间;解决了用户主要痛点,由于学习成本低,提高了用户的学习效率。以设计师应以UCD方法论为指导,注重打造集功能与人文关怀于一体的产品。     

基于UCD的智能家居控制系统界面交互设计

目的提出智能家居控制系统的解决方案,并设计出其界面。方法针对现有智能家居及其控制系统存在的问题,以UCD的设计原则、程序与方法为指导,依据Zigbee无线模块技术对家居智能化的可行性理论,结合GPRS无线传输技术以及家庭配电国家标准进行设计。结果用户只需要通过此设备,就可以控制所有智能家居产品。结论融合了UCD理念的设计,不仅可以使用户方便快捷地通过移动设备应用程序与触控开关面板进行信息交互,实现对智能家居的远程监控,而且增加了整个智能家居控制系统交互界面的人性化表达。     

基于UCD的直播类APP交互设计策略研究

目的探求直播类APP的交互设计策略。方法基于UCD(以用户为中心)的视角下,以直播APP映客为例,探讨其交互设计方法,并在此基础上,提出具有良好用户体验的直播类APP的设计思路与策略。结论直播类APP的设计要以用户为中心(UCD),同时融合UED和UGC的设计理念,产品设计要重视产品价值、易用性、可抵达性、吸引度4个方面,以设计出合理的交互模式,优化用户体验,增强用户黏度,进而提升自我市场竞争力。     

谈基于UCD的软件开发设计

随着软件开发的发展,工程师们发现只是针对于技术突破埋头苦干,并不能解决软件行业危机,软件的维护成本越来越高,成功率却降低,软件开发方法成为了人们研究的重点问题。本文提出了UCD软件开发方法,是以用户为中心的软件设计,是当前IT行业很流行的一种软件设计理念,也在欧美等国家软件发达取得了成熟的发展。在此介绍UCD方法开发软件的四个流程。     

基于UCD的洪灾应急救生包设计研究

以受众的感受和需求为出发点,把UCD概念引入到洪灾应急救生包的设计研究中。根据洪灾成因、气候因素、社会经济、地理环境等明确了洪灾环境,通过分析洪灾受众的生理、心理因素和个人背景,进一步建立了用户需求模型。在此基础上提出了洪灾应急救生包应包括的相关产品,以期设计出满足受众目标诉求、针对性强的洪灾自救产品,为洪灾应急产品设计提供一个更人性化的切入点。     

UCD在界面设计中的应用

当前越来越多的企业都在导入以UCD为中心的产品开发流程。那么UCD思想是怎样一种思想?它是怎样来具体指导我们产品开发的过程?以UCD为中心的设计与我们传统的设计开发有什么不同?界面设计,也是近几年新兴的一个行业,随着产品设计的同质化越来越严重,界面设计显得越发的重要,界面设计是一门十分强调用户体验的学科,这一点与UCD设计方法不谋而合,本文就这个结合点浅论一下UCD在界面设计中的应用。     

人工智能技术下的产品用户体验研究综述

目的 基于人工智能技术的不断发展和不同行业领域的创新应用,进一步思考人工智能给用户体验带来的影响,以及对产品用户体验的定义、特征和评价方法进行重新解读。方法 通过对相关文献的研究和大量的人工智能在产品用户体验中的实践应用,分析人工智能技术如何提升用户体验,并对此进行总结归纳。结论 以产品设计视角为切入点,结合人工智能在产品用户体验中的应用研究,提出了人工智能对产品用户体验影响的四个特征,即高效率、感知智能、场景驱动力和个性化。总结出以人工智能与大数据技术结合下的产品用户体验评价方法,即智能辅助产品用户体验评价系统,并进一步展望了人工智能驱动下的产品用户体验研究趋势,以及未来人工智能技术为产品用户体验带来的机遇。     

三全育人视域下校园廉政文创产品开发路径与设计研究

以三全育人视域为基础，对目前校园廉政文创产品进行了分析，总结其开发路径和设计方法。在此基础上，提出了校园廉政文创产品的开发趋势，并结合实际案例探讨了如何通过文创产品传递廉政教育的社会主义核心价值观和理念，以期为校园廉政文创产品的开发提供理论指导和实践指南。     

当代语境下中华传统文化符号在文创产品中的多维转译探析

目的 探析当代语境下中华传统文化符号在文创产品中转译的挑战与对策,促进中华传统文化符号更好地融入当代社会审美体系,进而推动中华传统文化的传承、创新与发展。方法 从社会、技术与文化三个方面分析中华传统文化符号所处的时代语境特征、机遇与挑战,再以此为基础,探讨中华传统文化符号在文创产品中转译的当代创新策略,并通过典型案例分析进行佐证说明。结论 提出中华传统文化符号在文创产品中转译的当代创新策略,以寓意多级转化新创中华传统文化符号的内涵意义,以数智技术融入提升中华文化传统文化符号的表现魅力,以多维叙事共情拓展中华传统文化符号的体验深度。     

Validation of design methods: lessons from medicine

This paper discusses the validation of design methods. The challenges and opportunities in validation are illustrated by drawing an analogy to medical research and development. Specific validation practices such as clinical studies and use of models of human disease are discussed, including specific ways to adapt them to engineering design. The implications are explored for three active areas of design research: robust design, axiomatic design, and design decision making. It is argued that medical research and development has highly-developed, well-documented validation methods and that many specific practices such as natural experiments and model-based evaluations can profitably be adapted for use in engineering design research.     

我国农产品加工战略研究

农产品加工是把农产品按其用途分别制成成品或半成品的生产过程。食品产业是农产品加工业的核心组成部分。现代食品产业发展的整体技术水平和现代化程度往往是一个民族、一个国家或一个区域(地区)经济社会发展和文明进步程度的重要标志。本文阐述了我国食品产业发展的战略背景、分析了当今我国食品产业发展面临的机遇与挑战,剖析了目前我国食品产业发展存在的问题,提出了我国食品产业的发展战略。     

UCD设计方法在老年人助行器设计中的应用研究

目的针对全球老龄化趋势越来越严重的问题,为了更好地满足老年人出行的需求,对老年人助行器进行设计研究,提升老年人的生活品质。方法在对社会背景和现有产品进行了解的基础之上,以用户为中心进行研究,结合我国的社会情况,研究老年人的生理和心理特点,最后进行老年人助行器设计。结论由于现在社会科技的快速发展,智能化产品逐步成为主导,设计师在进行老年人助行器设计时,不能太注重以目标为导向,而应以老年人作为设计中心,给老年人助行器设计提供新的思路,抚慰老年人的情绪,给予老年人身心关怀。     

Applications of pyroelectric materials in array-based detectors

The development of low-cost, uncooled (room temperature operation) thermal detector arrays has been accelerating in recent years and now commercial products are becoming widely available. As costs come down and volumes rise, these devices are entering the consumer marketplace, providing everything from sophisticated security and people-monitoring devices to hand-held thermal imagers for preventative maintenance and building inspection. Two technologies have established significant market shares in uncooled thermal detector array products. These are resistive microbolometers and pyroelectric ceramics. To address the true mass market, the pyroelectric arrays offer significant cost advantage. In this paper, recent developments in a variety of products based on pyroelectric ceramic arrays are described and their performance and applicability are compared and contrasted with competing technologies. This includes the use of low-element-count arrays for applications in people counting and queue measurement, and the drive for cost-effective imaging arrays for mass-market thermal imaging. The technical challenges in materials production, device development, and low-cost manufacture are reviewed and future opportunities and challenges are outlined.     

Implementation of Interdisciplinary Group Learning and Peer Assessment in a Nanotechnology Engineering Course

Nanotechnology is an inherently interdisciplinary field that has generated significant scientific and engineering interest in recent years. In an effort to convey the excitement and opportunities surrounding this discipline to senior undergraduate students and junior graduate students, a nanotechnology engineering course has been developed in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University over the past two years. This paper examines the unique challenges facing educators in this dynamic, emerging field and describes an approach for the design of a nanotechnology engineering course employing the non‐traditional pedagogical practices of collaborative group learning, interdisciplinary learning, problem‐based learning, and peer assessment. Utilizing the same nanotechnology course given the year before as a historical control, analysis of the difference between measures of student performance and student experience over the two years indicates that these practices are successful and provide an educationally informed template for other newly developed engineering courses.     

Research opportunities in purchasing and supply management

Purchasing and supply management (PSM) are crucial for the effective and efficient operation of manufacturing firms, now more than ever. The PSM function has evolved from being routine and mechanical to a function that can deliver true competitive advantage. The trend toward increased globalisation and outsourcing, along with a focus on innovation- and capability-driven supply management, has led to an increased reliance on suppliers. This has significantly enhanced the importance of PSM for manufacturing companies. The heightened significance in practice has been paralleled by an increasing attention of researchers in developing theories and chronicling best practices. At the same time, the rapid rate of change represents both daunting challenges and exciting opportunities for research in PSM. It is the goal of this article to highlight such challenges and discuss ensuing opportunities in PSM research. This objective is accomplished via the nominal group technique involving a panel of leading scholars in the purchasing and supply management field. As such, the article presents a synthesis and discussion of important research themes, poses a set of intriguing research opportunities, and serves as a motivation for future investigation.     

UCD研究进展、热点与趋势分析

目的 利用文献计量学对UCD设计方法的研究现状进行可视化分析,探索UCD的研究热点及未来前沿趋势。方法 以Web of Science核心合集数据为分析样本,利用Citespace、VOSviewer将该研究主题的文献发文量、国家和组织合作、学科领域分布、     

Complexation study of the anticancer agent EO-9 with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin

For the development of a bladder instillation of the indoloquinone agent EO-9, use of the complexing agent 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) was considered. Therefore, a complexation study of EO-9 with HPbetaCD was performed. Complexation was studied in aqueous solution and in solid freeze-dried products. A phase solubility study, UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS), and analysis of the effect of HPbetaD on the stability of EO-9 were performed. With the phase solubility study, a complexation constant (K1:1) of 32.9, a complexation efficiency (CE) of 0.0457, and a utility number (UCD) of 38.3 were calculated. These K1:1 and CE values indicate a weak complex, but the UCD shows that HPbetaCD can be very useful as solubilizer in the desired formulation. Furthermore, a positive effect of HPbetaCD on the chemical stability of EO-9 in solution was seen. Subsequently, complexation in the freeze-dried products was studied more thoroughly using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. HPbetaCD was found to be an excellent pharmaceutical complexing agent for application in formulations for EO-9 bladder instillations. Reconstitution before use of the developed freeze-dried products can be simply accomplished with water for injection.