内控标准之我见

分析了内控标准在企业标准中的存在，阐述了内控标准的定义、范围和特性，介绍了制定内控标准的方法，探讨了内控标准在企业标准体系中的位置以及内控标准的实施。     

传感器标准体系现状分析及发展建议

针对传感器标准目前存在更新缓慢、覆盖范围不全等问题,通过跟踪国内外传感器技术与产品的最新进展,分析标准化组织及标准现状,梳理传感器技术与产品,构建传感器标准体系图,开展标准现状分析,提出重点发展基础标准、应用标准,以及加强新兴产业如生物传感器标准、复合传感器标准、智能传感器标准、MEMS传感器标准的建设。     

客家文化资源数字化标准研究

本文研究旨在为客家文化资源数字化构建一个标准体系,包括资源的采集加工标准、元数据规范和著录规则及元数据库建库标准、文档保存与管理标准、加工工作规范和信息服务标准,提出客家文化资源数字化标准框架,包括准备标准框架、主文档保存与管理标准框架、元数据描述标准框架、资源服务发布标准框架和资源共享标准框架。     

卫星导航定位应用标准体系

阐述了卫星导航定位系统及应用标准体系框架一基础标准、技术体制标准,关键件标准、接收设备标准和信息服务标准五个方面的组成,并列出了标准体系表.     

下一代广播电视网标准体系研究

标准体系是一个行业的技术基石.本文通过调研国内外相关标准体系,结合我国广电实际情况,提出了下一代广播电视网(NGB)标准体系的制定原则以及构建方法.本文还进一步研制了总体架构以及分层模型.其中,总体架构包含总体标准、业务与平台标准、业务承载标准、基础网络标准、终端标准、业务运营支撑标准、安全与监管标准以及测试评估标准.分层模型主要对一级标准分类细分,并界定了子分类的边界.     

酒类射频识别电子追溯与防伪标准体系建立

在分析我国酒类电子追溯与防伪标准背景和现状的基础上,建立了基于射频识别的酒类电子追溯与防伪标准体系,并分析了标准体系的构成,包括空口标准、产品标准、应用标准、管理标准和测试标准五部分,为规范我国酒类流通秩序,保护我国酒类企业知识产权工作提供借鉴.     

片内操作系统(COS)技术及标准分析

为解决我国COS标准缺失的问题,分析了COS相关技术和标准情况,主要介绍了Native COS、开放平台、JavaCard技术架构和标准现状.针对当前国际上没有统-COS标准体系及相应标准的情况,提出建构我国COS参考架构、标准体系及标准建议,为我国下一步展开COS标准研究和立项提供参考.     

GPS标准现状及体系分析

GPS是目前技术最先进、应用最广泛的全球卫星导航定位系统,随着GPS技术及产业化发展,国内外发布了大量的GPS相关标准。运用分类、归纳和比较等方法,分析了GPS标准体系结构和GPS标准内容。通过对中美两国GPS标准体系结构分析,得出了GPS系统标准体系由通用基础标准、工程标准和应用标准组成。在此基础上针对COMPASS的发展建设提出了建立COMPASS标准体系结构以及对于具体标准内容制定的建议。     

室内光缆及相关标准的应用分析

本文介绍742个国内室内光缆及相关标准．这些相关标准包括用于室内的光纤和光纤带标准、室内光缆标准、布线标准、气吹光缆及光单元标准、光连接器标准、光配线设备标准等等。介绍了IEC室内光缆标准。从标准应用的角度出发,分析比较了室内光缆与室外光的特点与差别,分析比较了蝶形光缆与圆形光缆的特点与差别。分析了室内光缆的应用场合界定,分析了室内光缆的连接状况。     

国内锂离子电池标准分析

分析了国内锂离子电池标准的现状,从各标准的适用范围.规定内容及测试项目等各方面对已有标准进行了分析讨论,总结出目前国内锂离子电池标准存在的问题并对今后的标准工作特别是安全标准的制修订工作提出了建议.     

Lithium batteries

Developments in lithium battery technology are being driven by the demands of consumer electronics products, although the emphasis will soon change to larger battery systems for electric vehicles and dispersed energy storage. The author discusses primary and secondary batteries, lithium cells, lithium polymer batteries, and lithium-ion cells     

锂电池安全试验设备设计——挤压试验机

锂电池的安全性作为衡量电池性能的重要技术指标,为锂电池生产商及消费人群所关注,安全性能测试设备不但作为目前检验电池安全性能的工具,而且为后续的电池安全性研发提供试验手段。从现行的锂电池安全试验标准中探讨并汇总锂电池挤压试验要求,提出挤压设备的设计方案及其相应的解决途径。     

Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries

Recently, lithium‐ion batteries have been attracting more interest for use in automotive applications. Lithium resources are confirmed to be unevenly distributed in South America, and the cost of the lithium raw materials has roughly doubled from the first practical application in 1991 to the present and is increasing due to global demand for lithium‐ion accumulators. Since the electrochemical equivalent and standard potential of sodium are the most advantageous after lithium, sodium based energy storage is of great interest to realize lithium‐free high energy and high voltage batteries. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no successful reports on electrochemical sodium insertion materials for battery applications; the major challenge is the negative electrode and its passivation. In this study, we achieve high capacity and excellent reversibility sodium‐insertion performance of hard‐carbon and layered NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ electrodes in propylene carbonate electrolyte solutions. The structural change and passivation for hard‐carbon are investigated to study the reversible sodium insertion. The 3‐volt secondary Na‐ion battery possessing environmental and cost friendliness, Na⁺‐shuttlecock hard‐carbon/NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ cell, demonstrates steady cycling performance as next generation secondary batteries and an alternative to Li‐ion batteries.     

Batteries for low power electronics

Progress in battery technology is closely tied to that in electronics, however, it is slow in comparison. Growth in new systems once in production, is also slow, depending upon the development of new devices which need their performance characteristics. This has been true, in particular for lithium cells operating at 3 V. Older electrochemical systems such as C-Zn, alkaline, Zn-air, NiCd, and lead-acid continue to get better, and maintain the market for devices which can use them. Primary lithium batteries are growing in use as new devices are designed around their higher voltage and superior shelf life. The Li-MnO₂ system dominates the commercial marker. At least 16 manufacturers produce many sizes and configurations from high rate “D” cells to 50 mAh thin, flat cells. Two new secondary (rechargeable) systems, nickel-metal hydride and lithium ion, have recently been introduced They are growing at a rapid rate in response to environmental concerns and the need for higher energy density. Other secondary systems such as Zn-air and lithium-polymer electrolyte are nearing commercial production. Environmental regulations continue to impact battery use and disposal, leading to more interest in secondary systems which can be reused many times before disposal. Mercury has largely been banned from use in primary batteries, both as a corrosion inhibitor for zinc and as a cathode in the mercuric oxide cell. Existing and emerging battery systems are discussed in terms of energy content, shelf and cycle life and other characteristics     

航空运输锂电池的危害与措施

本文通过梳理锂电池的危害、航空运输锂电池的有关规定表明锂电池运输的高风险,再通过搜集国外研究出的一些防止锂电池起火的新措施,希望能对后续锂电池运输防火措施的研究提供一些思路.     

Toward a Magnesium‐Iodine Battery

The quest for new electrolyte and cathode materials is a crucial point for beyond‐lithium‐ion energy storage systems. Following this, an electrolyte for secondary magnesium batteries based on a new iodoaluminate ionic liquid and δ‐MgI₂ is reported. Promising electrochemical performance in terms of Mg plating‐stripping, coulombic efficiency, and conductivity, demonstrates the potential of this iodine‐based system for future Mg secondary batteries.     

Polymer-Based Solid Electrolytes: Material Selection,Design, and Application

Polymer-based solid electrolytes (PSEs) have attracted tremendous interests for the next-generation lithium batteries in terms of high safety and energy density along with good flexibility. Remarkable performances have been demonstrated in PSEs, which endowed PSEs with the potential to replace liquid electrolytes to meet the market demands. In this review, polymer matrices, different polymer architectures, and functional filler materials used in PSEs are discussed to explore the design concepts, methodologies, working mechanisms, and pros and cons of various PSEs. In addition, their recent notable applications in all-solid-state lithium ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, suppression of lithium dendrites, and flexible lithium batteries are also introduced. Finally, the challenges and future prospects are sketched to provide strategies to explore novel PSEs for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

Advances and Prospects in Improving the Utilization Efficiency of Lithium for High Energy Density Lithium Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention in the field like portable devices and electronic vehicles. Due to growing demands of energy storage systems, lithium metal batteries with higher energy density are promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries. However, using excess amounts of lithium can lower the energy density and cause safety risks. To solve these problems, it is crucial to use limited amount of lithium in lithium metal batteries to achieve higher utilization efficiency of lithium, higher energy density, and higher safety. The main reasons for the loss of active lithium are the side reactions between electrolyte and electrode, growth of lithium dendrites, and the volume change of electrode materials during the charge and discharge process. Based on these issues, much effort have been put to improve the utilization efficiency of lithium such as mitigating the side reactions, guiding the uniform lithium deposition, and increasing the adhesion between electrolyte and electrode. In this review, strategies for high utilization efficiency of lithium are presented. Moreover, the remaining challenges and the future perspectives on improving the utilization of lithium are also outlined.     

Template-Sacrificed Hot Fusion Construction and Nanoseed Modification of 3D Porous Copper Nanoscaffold Host for Stable-Cycling Lithium Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have been proposed as a promising candidate for high-energy-density electrode materials in secondary batteries. However, the dendrite growth and unstable electrode–electrolyte interfaces during Li plating/stripping are fatal to their practical applications. Herein, the construction of 3D porous Au/Cu nanoscaffold prepared via a convenient template-sacrificed hot fusion construction method and a nanoseed modification process as an effective Li metal hosting material are proposed. The Au/Cu nanoscaffold can spatially guide uniform deposition of Li metal free from the growth of Li dendrites due to the homogenous Li⁺ ion flux and negligible nucleation overpotential. Moreover, the Cu skeleton can relieve volume change and stabilize local current density during cycling processes. Benefiting from these advantages, the symmetric cells based on self-supported Li-filled Au/Cu (Li-Au/Cu) nanoscaffold electrodes present highly stable Li plating/stripping for more than 1000 h with a low voltage hysteresis less than 90 mV and a long lifespan over 1300 h at 1.0 mA cm^–2 in carbonate-based electrolytes. Impressively, the Li-Au/Cu nanoscaffold||LiFePO₄ full cells also exhibit exceptional cycling stability and rate performance. This work provides a promising strategy to construct dendrite-free lithium metal anodes toward high-performance lithium metal batteries.     

Superionic Conductor Enabled Composite Lithium with High Ionic Conductivity and Interfacial Wettability for Solid-State Lithium Batteries

The urgent demand for high energy and safety batteries has generated the rapid development of Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ (LLZTO) type solid-state lithium metal batteries. However, severe dendritic lithium growth, which is caused by poor interfacial contact of the Li/LLZTO interface and loss of electrical contact during cycles due to low intrinsic Li⁺ diffusion coefficient of lithium, greatly hampers its practical application. Here, from the point of view of reducing surface tension and improving ion diffusion of lithium, a composite lithium anode (CLA) with high wettability and ion diffusion coefficient is prepared by adding GaP into molten lithium, thus strengthening the CLA/LLZTO interface even in cycling. As envisioned, compared to pure lithium, CLA presents lower surface tension, larger adhesion work, and higher ion diffusion coefficient, ensuring close contact of the CLA/LLZTO interface. Therefore, the assembled symmetric cells exhibit a low area specific resistance of 4.5 Ω cm², a large critical current density of 2.5 mA cm⁻², and ultra-long lifespan of 5700 h at 0.3 mA cm⁻² at 25 °C. Meanwhile, full cells coupled with LiFePO₄ cathode show a high-capacity retention of 97.32% after 490 cycles at 1C. This work provides a new solution to the interfacial challenges of solid-state lithium-metal batteries.