PZT陶瓷/橡胶复合材料的压电性能

用PZT压电陶瓷粉末分散在无压电性的橡胶基体中制成压电复合材料。通过压电常数和介电常数测定、扫描电镜、介电谱等手段研究了有关因素对复合材料压电性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的压电常数d₃₃随PZT体积含量φ和橡胶介电常数ε₁的增加而增大,随PZT介电常数ε₂的增加而减小,符合理论式 d₃₃=15φε₁d₃₃/(1-φ)(2+3φ)ε₂ 橡胶基体的极性基团、极性链节和交联健偶极的转向极化及分子链的柔性对复合材料的极化和压电常数有重要影响。橡胶的极性越大及分子链的柔性越高,则复合材料的压电常数d₃₃越高。      

添加Ni和Ag纳米颗粒对BaTiO3/PVDF复合材料击穿场强的影响

选用金属Ni和Ag纳米颗粒作为导体相,采用共混法分别制备了击穿场强较高的Ni-BaTiO₃/聚偏氟乙烯（Ni-BaTiO₃/PVDF）和Ag-BaTiO₃/PVDF三相复合材料。研究了导体相Ni和Ag添加量、粒径及导体种类对复合材料击穿场强的影响,发现Ni-BaTiO₃/PVDF和Ag-BaTiO₃/PVDF三相复合材料的击穿场强均随导体添加量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且在适宜的导体添加量下复合材料均表现出高于未添加导体相的BaTiO₃/PVDF两相复合材料的击穿场强;添加同类导体Ni时,Ni粒径越小,三相复合材料的击穿场强提高越明显;导体添加量与粒径均相同时,Ni-BaTiO₃/PVDF复合材料的击穿场强较高,当粒径50 nm的Ni添加量为体积分数1.90%时,其击穿场强可达200 kV/mm,储能密度比BaTiO₃/PVDF两相复合材料提高4倍。这些结果可用库仑阻塞效应很好地解释。     

PMN-PT/P(VDF-TrFE)复合材料的制备与电性能研究

以铌铁矿预产物法合成的铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅(PMN-PT)陶瓷粉体和聚二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物P(VDF-TrFE)为原料,采用流延法在ITO衬底上制备了不同质量配比的PMN-PT/P(VDF-TrFE)复合厚膜。采用XRD及SEM分别分析了PMN-PT粉体的物相结构和复合材料的界面特征。通过测试复合材料的介电-温度曲线,计算出加载在陶瓷相上的极化分压与温度的关系,得到优化的极化温度。与常规的分步极化相比,探讨了在优化极化条件下陶瓷相含量对复合材料热释电性能的影响,结果表明在极化温度为110℃,PMN-PT质量分数为55%时,得到了热释电系数为58.6μC/(m2·K)的热释电复合厚膜材料。     

PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的制备及性能

X射线衍射测试表明,用氧化物烧结法制备的PZT粉末,其Zr与Ti的原子比为52:48,为纯四方钙钛矿型结晶相;用模压/烧结工艺制备了六种含PZT不同体积分数的PZT/PVDF复合材料;介电性和压电性的测试表明,随着PZT体积分数的增加,材料的电性能参数呈非线性增大,当PZT的体积分数超过70%时,介电常数ε和压电常数d33值迅速增加,当PZT体积分数达到90%时,其电性能与纯PZT相当.     

核-壳结构界面对纳米Ag掺杂BaTiO3@PDA/P(VDF-HFP)复合膜介电和储能性能影响

为改善聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）基复合材料界面相容性,提高其电性能,利用聚多巴胺（PDA）成功包覆了纳米钛酸钡（BaTiO₃）,并引入纳米Ag离子制备出具有核-壳结构的Ag镶嵌BaTiO₃@PDA-Ag颗粒。以介电聚合物聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯（P（VDF-HFP））为基体,采用溶液流延法制备了BaTiO₃@PDA-Ag/P（VDF-HFP）复合材料厚膜。利用FTIR和XPS验证了BaTiO₃@PDA-Ag/P（VDF-HFP）复合材料结构和形貌,并用宽频介电频谱仪和铁电测试仪分别比较了PDA包覆前后的不同BaTiO₃含量的BaTiO₃@PDA-Ag/P（VDF-HFP）复合膜在低电场下的介电性能和高电场下的电极化性能。结果表明,BaTiO₃@PDA-Ag质量分数为20wt%的BaTiO₃@PDA-Ag/P（VDF-HFP）复合膜在10 Hz下介电常数（ε_r）达到了25,介电损耗（tanδ）仅为0.1,在175 M·Vm-1电场下电极化强度（D_m）为6.2 μC·cm-2,200 M·Vm-1时储能密度（U_e）达到了6.9 J·cm-3,高于其它界面未处理复合膜。以上结果可为此类介电复合材料界面结构处理和电性能研究提供参考。      

PZT含量对PZT/PVDF复合材料性能的影响

采用流延工艺,在ITO玻璃衬底上制备了不同质量分数的锆钛酸铅(PZT)/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)热释电复合材料。采用X射线衍射方法对复合材料极化前后的物相变化进行了对比分析,通过扫描电子显微镜分析了不同PZT质量分数复合材料的界面特征。从热释电探测器件的实际要求出发,利用介电阻抗测试仪、动态法热释电系数测试系统等仪器系统地测试了复合材料体系中PZT含量对材料热释电性能和介电性能的影响。结果显示,在PZT质量分数为50%时,制得了热释电系数p为4.1nC/(cm2.K)的性能优良的热释电复合材料。     

压电陶瓷粒度分布对锆钛酸铅/聚偏氟乙烯复合材料电性能的影响

将不同粒度的锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷粉进行复配,制成不同粒度分布的PZT陶瓷颗粒,然后与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合制备不同PZT粒度分布的PZT/PVDF复合材料,研究了复合材料的介电性能和压电性能。结果表明,当陶瓷颗粒体积分数高达70%时,双峰分布复合材料的压电系数可达75 pC·N-1。这是由于双峰分布复合材料中大陶瓷颗粒保持了完整的钙钛矿结构,小陶瓷颗粒填充在大颗粒之间,陶瓷颗粒彼此联接,形成了更多的电-力耦合通道,有效地实现了压电效应的传递。大陶瓷颗粒完整的钙钛矿结构以及大、小颗粒的协同堆砌效应,提高了PZT/PVDF复合材料的电性能。     

0-3型压电陶瓷-硫铝酸盐水泥复合材料的压电性能

采用压制成型法,以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥为基体制备了水泥基压电复合材料。分析讨论了极化工艺条件和PZT含量对水泥基压电复合材料压电性的影响。结果表明,较高的极化电场强度和较长的极化时间均有利于压电性能的提高,但当极化电场强度和极化时间达到4.0 kV/mm和45 min后,压电应变常数d₃₃趋于稳定; 随着PZT含量的增加,硫铝酸盐水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数d₃₃、压电电压常数g₃₃和机电耦合系数K_P、K_t均显著增大。当PZT质量分数达到85%时,K_P和K_t可达28.54%和28.19%。      

(SiCP/Cu)-铜箔叠层复合材料的制备与组织性能

采用浸涂法和热压烧结法制备了（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料,研究了SiC_P含量对材料组织结构、拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,制备的（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料层间厚度均匀,界面结合力良好,增强颗粒SiC能够弥散分布于黏结相中和界面处。随着SiC_P体积分数的增加,（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度都先增加后降低,当SiC_P的体积分数为20vol%（总体积为100）时,其抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为226.5 MPa和113.1 MPa,断裂方式主要为韧性断裂和部分脆性解理断裂。裂纹扩展方向平行于层界面时,材料的断裂韧性随SiC_P体积分数的增加略有减小,SiC_P体积分数为15%时达到最大值16.96 MPa·m^1/2;裂纹扩展方向垂直于层界面时,（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料的断裂韧性随SiC_P体积分数的增加逐渐减小,SiC_P体积分数为15%时达到最大值12.51 MPa·m^1/2。     

陶瓷颗粒增强Zr基非晶合金复合材料高温变形行为研究

在非晶合金中添加第二相制备非晶合金复合材料能够有效地解决非晶合金室温脆性的问题,但第二相的引入对非晶基体高温变形行为造成的影响尚不明确。本研究在Zr₅₅Cu₃₀Al₁₀Ni₅非晶合金中添加两种不同的陶瓷颗粒Al₂O₃和Si₃N₄,通过放电等离子烧结法制备了一系列不同体积分数的陶瓷颗粒增强Zr基非晶合金复合材料。通过进行高温压缩试验,并建立多颗粒随机分布模型进行数值模拟,对其高温变形行为进行了系统性研究。结果表明,在421℃时,两种复合材料都表现为应力过冲后应变硬化;在441℃时,Al₂O₃增强的复合材料表现为屈服后应变硬化,对于Si₃N₄增强复合材料,当第二相体积分数小于25%时表现为屈服后应变硬化,当第二相体积分数大于25%时材料却表现为应力过冲后应变硬化。两种非晶合金复合材料的高温变形行为差异与增强相形貌以及增强相颗粒团聚...     

Characterisation of proton irradiated Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3/P(VDF-TrFE) ceramic–polymer composites

Barium strontium titanate/poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)70/30 (Ba_0.65Sr_0.35TiO₃/P(VDF-TrFE) 70/30) composite with high dielectric permittivity was developed by integrating high dielectric permittivity ceramic powder with proton irradiated polymer matrix. The composite after irradiation behaves as a relaxor ferroelectric material and this behaviour is similar to that of irradiated P(VDF-TrFE) 70/30 co-polymer. Due to the irradiation, dielectric peaks broadened and moved towards the lower temperature, creating high relative permittivity values in a broad temperature range. Ba_0.65Sr_0.35TiO₃/P(VDF-TrFE) composite with 0.5 ceramic volume fraction with a dosage of 80 Mrad can reach a relative permittivity of 160 at room temperature (at 1 kHz), which is about 14 times higher than that of pure copolymer. Polarization-electric field hysteresis loops of composites are strongly depended on the ceramic powder volume fraction and the effects of irradiation is less apparent in composites with higher ceramic powder volume fraction.     

Piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3/P(VDF-TrFE) 0–3 composites

Bismuth sodium barium titanate [(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_0.94Ba_0.06TiO₃ or BNBT] ceramic powder have been incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE) 70/30 mol%] copolymer matrix to form 0–3 composites. With the composition near the MPB region, BNBT has relatively high piezoelectric and dielectric properties. P(VDF-TrFE) ferroelectric copolymer films can be poled to give piezoelectric and pyroelectric performance without prior mechanical stretching. The composites were prepared using solvent casting to disperse the ceramic powder homogeneously in the copolymer matrix. Composites with BNBT volume fraction ϕ ranging from 0.05 to 0.30 were fabricated using a hot-press method. The piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients of the composites were studied as a function of ϕ under different poling conditions. As BNBT has a low relative permittivity, so it is relatively easy to pole the BNBT ceramic inclusion. Hence, the BNBT 0–3 composites were found to have better pyroelectric properties than that of the lead zirconate titante PZT/P(VDF-TrFE) 0–3 composites.     

铌酸钠钾基压电陶瓷的结构与性能研究

采用传统的固相反应合成法制备了结构较为致密的0.9(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.1LiSbO3(KNN-LS)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了其相结构、压电、介电、损耗以及铁电性质.常温下的压电陶瓷具备四方钙钛矿结构,具有较高的压电系数d33=131pC/N和低的介电损耗tanδ=0.09(10kHz)等优点.另外,常温下的KNN-LS陶瓷存在着较为饱满的电滞回线,其剩余极化率Pr为16.1μC/cm2,矫顽场为EC=14.8kV/cm.性能较KNN压电陶瓷有了较大的提高.     

成型压力对0-3型锆钛酸铅/水泥压电复合材料的影响

以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥为基体,以锆钛酸铅(PZT)为功能相,用压制成型法制备出0-3型PZT/水泥基压电复合材料。分析成型压力对PZT/水泥基压电复合材料的压电性和介电性的影响,结果表明:不同粒径PZT颗粒作为功能相的水泥基压电复合材料,成型压力对其压电性和介电性有不同的影响。在30~90 MPa压力范围内,成型压力越大,PZT/水泥压电复合材料的压电应变常数d33和相对介电常数εr均显著提高,这是由于气孔率随压力增大而减少,而压电电压常数g33的变化则与功能相的粒径有关。机电耦合系数也有着不同的变化趋势,对于6μm和126μm PZT/水泥压电复合材料,其机电耦合系数Kt和Kp随压力增大缓慢下降,而对于430μm PZT/水泥压电复合材料则呈上升趋势。当压力达到150 MPa时,其压电性和介电性均急剧减小。     

陶瓷型铁电复合物厚片介电系数的电场依赖性

建立起高压介电测试装置和相应的数据处理方法。研究了PZT/P (VDF-T rFE) 和PT/P (VDF- rFE) 0-3型铁电复合物厚片介电系数的电场依赖性。对于陶瓷体积分数U> 0.3 的复合物, 介电系数随测试场强的升高明显增大。在U< 0.1 时, 可用M axw ell-Garnet t 方程拟合试验结果。B ruggeman 方程适合于低电场(< 1MV/m ) 下复合物介电系数的预测。通过L z 的变化, 用Yamada 模型可拟合复合物介电系数随电场变化的关系, 说明L z 是由复合物的组分维数、粒子形状以及粒子间静电相互作用所决定的参数。      

改性PZT/PVDF体系压电复合材料的介电和压电性能

采用复合材料模压工艺,制备了体积分数不同的改性PZT(含铌的钛锆酸铅)/PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)压电复合材料。采用扫描电镜对材料的形貌进行了分析,并利用HP4294A,Z-3A型准静态测试仪等系统地研究了改性PZT体积分数对材料介电、压电性能的影响。结果显示,在改性PZT体积分数为70%时,获得了性能优良的压电复合材料。在压电陶瓷高含量区(>0.5),部分压电陶瓷颗粒相互联接,形成了类似0-3(3-3)型复合连通形式,是复合材料获得优良压电、介电性能的主要原因。     

Nonlinear behavior of 0-3 type ferroelectric composites with polymer matrices

The nonlinear electric and mechanical behavior of 0-3 type (particle-reinforced) ferroelectric composites with different viscoelastic and dielectric relaxation polymer-matrixes was observed experimentally. The analysis of the experimental results was carried out in the present study by examining the effects of the viscoelasticity and dielectric relaxation of the polymer matrices, the loading rate and the volume fraction of the PZT particles on the nonlinear behavior of the composites. The composite sample was isolated from the test frame to prevent high voltage arcing in the setup, which was employed to make precise measurement to systematically provide experimental results. Using a high voltage amplifier and a servo-hydraulic test frame, the hysteresis loops of electric displacement versus electric field at different loading amplitudes and rates, and the piezoelectric curves of the ferroelectric composites were measured. The results show that the effects of viscoelasticity and dielectric relaxation of the matrices on the electric and mechanical behavior of the ferroelectric composites are significant. The nonlinear behavior of ferroelectric composites with a viscoelastic and dielectric relaxation matrix is also related to the frequency of the applied loads.     

An investigation into the influence of electrically conductive particle size on electromechanical coupling and effective dielectric strain coefficients in three phase composite piezoelectric polymers

Three phase epoxy/piezoelectric/conductive filler composites were fabricated. The volume fraction of the conductive filler, aluminum, was held constant at 20%, while the volume fraction of the piezoelectric material, PZT was varied from 0.10 to 0.70. Three sets of composites were examined, wherein, the size of the aluminum constituent was varied from micron in size (200 mesh) to nano -in size (～18 nm). Both sets of composites presented enhanced loss factor (tan δ) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) values for volume fractions of PZT above 0.30 volume fraction. Composites having micron size aluminum particles exhibited higher loss factor and strain coefficients than those that incorporated nano-size aluminum particles, which could be due to several factors: agglomeration, contact resistance between particles, and excess air voids in the samples.     

Enhanced ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the P(VDF-TrFE)/Ag nanoparticles composite thin films

The scope of the present work was the synthesis of homogeneously dispersed silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) in P(VDF-TrFE) polymer by N,N-dimethylformamide’s reducing reaction on silver nitrate and the study on the surface micromorphology, crystalline phases, electrical and optical properties of the P(VDF-TrFE)/Ag NPs composite thin films. The results demonstrate that incorporating appropriate concentration of Ag NPs improve the ferroelectric and dielectric properties with an increase of 38 % in the remanent polarization and 47 % in dielectric constant respectively compared with the pristine P(VDF-TrFE) films. The reasons for the improved properties are explained by the effective compensation to the bounding charges provided by the appropriate amount of the Ag NPs fillers and Ag NPs’ acting as micro capacitors in P(VDF-TrFE) matrix. Furthermore, the surface plasmon resonance absorption in the composite films thin films is observed at the wavelength of ~415 nm, whose intensity is dependent on the density of the Ag NPs.