Ce1−xCuxO2−x/Al2O3/FeCrAl catalysts for catalytic combustion of methane

A series of the Ce_1−xCu_xO_2−x/Al₂O₃/FeCrAl catalysts (x = 0–1) were prepared. The structure of the catalysts was characterized using XRD, SEM and H₂-TPR. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for the combustion of methane was evaluated. The results indicated that in the Ce_1−xCu_xO_2−x/Al₂O₃/FeCrAl catalysts the surface phase structure were the Ce_1−xCu_xO_2−x solid solution, -Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃. The surface particle shape and size were different with the variety of the molar ratio of Ce to Cu in the Ce_1−xCu_xO_2−x solid solution. The Cu component of the Ce_1−xCu_xO_2−x/Al₂O₃/FeCrAl catalysts played an important role to the catalytic activity for the methane combustion. There were the stronger interaction among the Ce_1−xCu_xO_2−x solid solution and the Al₂O₃ washcoats and the FeCrAl support.     

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity for NO–CO reaction of Pd–(La, Sr)2MnO4 system

La_xSr_2−xMnO₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) oxides were synthesized and single-phase K₂NiF₄-type oxides were obtained in the range of 0.1 ≤ x < 0.5. The catalytic activity of La_xSr_2−xMnO₄ for NO–CO reaction increased with increasing x in the range of solubility limit of La. La_0.5Sr_1.5MnO₄ showed the highest activity among La_xSr_2−xMnO₄ prepared in this study, but its activity was inferior to perovskite-type La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃. Among the Pd-loaded catalysts, however, Pd/La_0.8Sr_1.2MnO₄ showed the higher activity and the selectivity to N₂ than Pd/La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ and Pd/γ-Al₂O₃. The excellent catalytic performance of Pd/La_0.2Sr_1.2MnO₄ could be ascribable to the formation of SrPd₃O₄ which was detected by XRD in the catalyst but not in the other two catalysts.     

Application of Ce0.33Zr0.63Pr0.04O2-supported noble metal catalysts in the catalytic wet air oxidation of 2-chlorophenol: Influence of the reaction conditions

In this work, different procedures, namely carbonate coprecipitation and modified solid–solid diffusion, were used to prepare hexaaluminate samples, unsupported or supported onto θ-Al₂O₃. These samples were used as catalyst for the methane total oxidation as synthesized or after impregnation of 1 wt% Pd. It was observed that the modified solid–solid diffusion procedure is an efficient method to obtain the hexaaluminate structure. At a theoretical ratio x of hexaaluminate onto Al₂O₃ less than 0.6 (xLa_0.2Sr_0.3Ba_0.5MnAl₁₁O₁₉ + (1−x)·Al₂O₃, with x = 0.25, 0.60), samples with high specific surface area and θ-Al₂O₃ structure are then obtained. Large differences in catalytic activity can be observed among the series of sample synthesized. All the pure oxide samples (i.e. without palladium) present low catalytic activity for methane total oxidation compared to a reference Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The highest activity was obtained for the samples presenting a θ-Al₂O₃ structure (with x = 0.60) and a high surface area. Impregnation of 1 wt% palladium resulted in an increase in catalytic activity, for all the solids synthesized in this work. Even if the lowest light-off temperature was obtained on the reference sample, similar methane conversions at high temperature (700 °C) were obtained on the stabilized θ-Al₂O₃ solids (x = 0.25, 0.60). Moreover, the reference sample is found to strongly deactivate with reaction time at the temperature of test (700 °C), due to a progressive reduction of the PdO_x active phase into the less active Pd° phase, whereas excellent stabilities in reaction were obtained on the pure and palladium-doped hexaaluminate and supported θ-Al₂O₃ samples. This clearly showed the beneficial effect of the support for the stabilization of the PdO_x active phase at high reaction temperature. These properties are discussed in term of oxygen transfer from the support to the palladium particle. Oxygen transfer is directly related to the Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ redox properties (in the case of the hexaaluminate and stabilized θ-Al₂O₃ samples), that allows a fast reoxidation of the metal palladium sites since palladium sites reoxidation cannot occur directly by gaseous dioxygen adsorption and dissociation on the surface.     

Development of new catalysts for N2O-decomposition from adipic acid plant

Direct decomposition of N₂O was investigated using simulated and real industrial gas stream coming from an adipic acid plant. Two different kinds of catalysts were studied: (i) LaB_1−xB′_xO₃ and CaB_1−xCu_xO₃ (B = Mn, Fe and B′ = Cu, Ni) perovskites (PVKs) and (ii) supported PVKs (10 or 20 wt.%) on γ-Al₂O₃ and CeO₂–ZrO₂. The structural modifications induced by the composition of PVK samples affect the catalytic performances: mixed oxide formation in CaMn_0.7Cu_0.3O₃ samples allows to reach the highest values of N₂O conversion while the effect of PVK phases is more controversial. The importance of copper on catalytic activities is confirmed by the investigation on CaMn_1−xCu_xO₃ samples. The best results were obtained with a CaMn_0.6Cu_0.4O₃ catalyst calcined at 700 °C for 5 h, in which the presence of copper maximises the Ca₃CuMnO₆ phase formation. The increase in Cu-content produces a large segregation of CuO despite PVK formation. The best catalyst was tested using industrial gas stream, showing good stability also in the presence of H₂O and O₂ (8% v/v ) after 1400 h on-stream. To increase surface area, Cu-containing PVKs were deposed on γ-Al₂O₃ and CeO₂–ZrO₂, and this latter has been recognised as the best support. Indeed, the activity of the PVKs supported on ceria–zirconia is comparable to and even better than that of the bulk catalysts. A possible explanation regards the support contribution in terms of activity and/or promotion of O₂ mobility which enhances the overall activity of the catalyst.     

Solid catalysts for wet oxidation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds

Several solid catalysts (Co₃O₄/γ-Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, Mn₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, Zn–Fe–Mn–Al–O, Pt/γ-Al₂O₃, Ru/CeO₂, Ru/C) have been prepared and used to remove N-containing organic contaminants while processing toxic and hazardous industrial waste waters using wet oxidation by air (WAO). The autoclave tests of catalysts were done to reveal the main advantages of catalysts in water presence at high pressures and temperatures. Catalyst activity was determined with regard to oxygen interaction with model mixtures (water–organic contaminant: acetonitrile, carbamide, dimethyl formamide, or multi-component mixture of aliphatic alcohols). Activity tests were done in a static reactor under ideal mixing regime. Reagents and products were monitored using gas chromatograph Cvet-560, Millichrom-1 HPLC, and routine chemical analysis. Optimum process conditions for the best catalyst (Ru/graphite-like carbon) are as follows: partial oxygen pressure – 1.0 MPa, temperature – 473–513 K. At 0.5–5.0 MPa total pressure and 433–523 K catalysts show high water-resistance and high activity level (residual content of toxic compounds is less than 1%, and no NO_x and NH₃ are detected). There are no legal restrictions on catalysts operation, since they are harmless to environment.     

Methane combustion on Mg-doped LaMnO3 perovskite catalysts

LaMn_1−xMg_xO₃ perovskite catalysts (x=0–0.5) were synthesised by the so-called “citrates method”, characterised (chemical analysis, TEM, BET, XRD, temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen) and tested for their activity towards the catalytic combustion of methane. The role of MgO as a textural promoter, which hinders the sintering of the catalyst crystals by geometrical interposition, has also been assessed. Finally, a kinetics study was performed on the most promising catalysts prepared (LaMnO₃ and LaMn_0.8Mg_0.2O₃). The major results obtained are: (i) Mg substitution in the basic LaMnO₃ perovskite has a positive effect on the catalytic activity only at low x values (x≤0.2); (ii) as opposed to the results of previous studies on the LaCr_1−xMg_xO₃ system, the role of MgO as a textural promoter is not always significant and depends strongly on the calcination temperature of the samples (800–1200°C) and on the value of x; (iii) an Eley–Rideal mechanism could satisfactorily fit the experimental kinetics results for both catalysts, even though, as opposed to LaMnO₃, the catalytic combustion over LaMn_0.8Mg_0.2O₃ seems to involve two different types of adsorbed oxygen species, depending on the operating temperature.     

Regeneration of thermally aged Pt-Rh/CexZr1−xO2-Al2O3 model three-way catalysts by oxychlorination treatments

Pt-Rh/Ce_xZr_1−xO₂-Al₂O₃ with 0.6 and 1.0 wt.% noble metal loadings were prepared and characterized for their metal dispersion with respect to Ce_xZr_1−xO₂-free Pt-Rh/Al₂O₃ in fresh, thermally aged and oxychlorinated states. Thermal ageing at 973 K led to loss of metal dispersion in all cases but to negligible effect on the dispersion of the Ce_xZr_1−xO₂ component where present. Oxychlorination was able to fully recover metal dispersion in all cases but led to different effects on the redox properties of Ce_xZr_1−xO₂ which appeared to be related to the metal loadings. Despite showing improved dispersion following regeneration, higher loaded catalyst showed no improvement in light-off performance for either NO reduction or CO oxidation and showed poorer oxygen storage (OSC) ability, particularly at higher temperatures. Lower loaded catalyst showed improved dispersion, improved OSC and reduced light-off temperatures for NO reduction and CO oxidation after oxychlorination compared to that in the thermally aged state.     

Performance of La1−xSrxAl1−y−y′FeyMgy′O3−δ perovskites in methane combustion: effect of aluminum and magnesium content

Perovskites of different La_1−xSr_xAl_1−y−y′Fe_yMg_y′O_3−δ compositions (x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and y=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8) were prepared from a reactive precursor slurry of hydrated oxides. Each sample was aged between 16 and 26 h up to 1473 K. Activity in methane combustion (1%/air) was determined in a plug-flow reactor, with 1 g catalyst and 24 l/h flowrate. Gradual decrease in activity due to thermal aging was observed, the degree of activity loss being composition dependent. Nevertheless, activity of samples aged at 1370 K was nearly independent of composition. The best thermal stability showed LaAl_0.65Fe_0.15Mg_0.2O₃ perovskite. None of the magnesium substituted perovskites performed better than a La_0.85Sr_0.15Al_0.87Fe_0.13O₃ reference sample.     

Influence of support acid pretreatment on the behaviour of CoOx/γ-alumina monolithic catalysts in the CH4-SCR reaction

The effect of treatment with different mineral acids (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃ and HCl) on the activity of monolithic CoO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts in the reduction of nitric oxide with methane in the presence of oxygen (CH₄-SCR of NO_x) was studied. Their behaviour in the methane oxidation reaction in both the presence and absence of NO_x was determined in order to interpret the results in terms of intrinsic activity and competition between both processes. Depending on the nature of the acid used, significant differences were observed in the catalytic activities which were related to the textural states, surface acidities and the nature of the detected species. The best results were obtained after treatment with H₂SO₄, which increased the activity towards NO_x elimination compared to the other catalysts. This behaviour was attributed not only to an increase in surface acidity but also to the stabilisation of the active Co²⁺ species, thus avoiding the formation of Co₃O₄ spinel that is responsible for the strongly adsorbed NO_x species that lead to NO₂ formation which increase the rate of the undesired methane oxidation reaction at high temperatures.     

High temperature catalytic combustion of methane and propane over hexaaluminate catalysts: NOx emission characteristics

Several hexaaluminate-related materials were prepared via hydrolysis of alkoxide and powder mixing method for high temperature combustion of CH₄ and C₃H₈, in order to investigate the effect of the concentration of the fuels, O₂ and H₂O on NO_x emission and combustion characteristics. Among the hexaaluminate catalysts, Sr_0.8La_0.2MnAl₁₁O₁₉₋ prepared by the alkoxide method exhibited the highest activity for methane combustion and low NO_x emission capability. NO_x emission at 1500 °C was increased linearly with O₂ concentration, whereas water vapor addition decreased NO_x emission in CH₄ combustion over the Sr_0.8La_0.2MnAl₁₁O₁₉₋ catalyst. In the catalytic combustion of C₃H₈ over the Sr_0.8La_0.2MnAl₁₁O₁₉₋ catalyst, the amount of NO_x emitted was raised in the temperature range between 1000 and 1500 °C when the C₃H₈ concentration increased from 1 to 2 vol.%. It was found that NO_x emission in this temperature range was reduced effectively by adding water vapor.     

Palladium-substituted lanthanum cuprates: application to automotive exhaust purification

A series of palladium-substituted La₂CuO₄, corresponding to the formula La₂Cu_{1 −x}Pd_xO₄ (x = 0−0.2) were prepared by metal nitrate decomposition in a polyacrylamide gel. This method allows an easy incorporation of palladium in the mixed-oxides, which are formed at moderate temperature with rather high specific areas (13–17 m²/g). The partial substitution of copper for palladium allows a strong improvement of the three-way catalytic activity, in particular for NO reduction. The light-off temperatures for the conversions of CO, NO and C₃H₆ decreased markedly when increasing the palladium content, the activity of catalysts La₂Cu_0.9Pd_0.1O₄ and La₂Cu_0.8Pd_0.2O₄ being comparable to that of a Pt-Rh/CeO₂–Al₂O₃ catalyst for NO reduction, and higher for CO and C₃H₆ oxidation.

All the La₂Cu_{1 − x} Pd_xO₄ catalysts are activated under reacting conditions. This activation corresponds to the destruction of the mixed-oxide structure, with formation of reduced Pd⁰ ions atomically dispersed, surrounded by Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ species on a lanthanum oxycarbonate matrix. This high dispersion state of the two transition metals in various oxidation states is supposed to originate from the initial La₂Cu_{1 −x}Pd_xO₄ structure.     

Co3O4 based catalysts for NO oxidation and NOx reduction in fast SCR process

Reaction activities of several developed catalysts for NO oxidation and NO_x (NO + NO₂) reduction have been determined in a fixed bed differential reactor. Among all the catalysts tested, Co₃O₄ based catalysts are the most active ones for both NO oxidation and NO_x reduction reactions even at high space velocity (SV) and low temperature in the fast selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process. Over Co₃O₄ catalyst, the effects of calcination temperatures, SO₂ concentration, optimum SV for 50% conversion of NO to NO₂ were determined. Also, Co₃O₄ based catalysts (Co₃O₄-WO₃) exhibit significantly higher conversion than all the developed DeNO_x catalysts (supported/unsupported) having maximum conversion of NO_x even at lower temperature and higher SV since the mixed oxide Co-W nanocomposite is formed. In case of the fast SCR, N₂O formation over Co₃O₄-WO₃ catalyst is far less than that over the other catalysts but the standard SCR produces high concentration of N₂O over all the catalysts. The effect of SO₂ concentration on NO_x reduction is found to be almost negligible may be due to the presence of WO₃ that resists SO₂ oxidation.     

Deactivation studies over NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

Two types of NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts prepared by the impregnation and the sol–gel method were used for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas at 850°C (GHSV1.8×10⁵ lkg⁻¹ h⁻¹). The effects of the carbon deposition, the loss and sintering of nickel and the phase transformation of γ-Al₂O₃ support on the catalytic performance during 80 h POM reaction were investigated with a series of characterization such as XRD, BET, AAS, TG, and XPS. The results indicated that the carbon deposition and the loss and sintering of nickel could not cause the serious decrease of catalytic performance over NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst during the short-time reaction. However, the slow process of the support γ-Al₂O₃ phase transforming into -Al₂O₃ could slowly decrease the performance of NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts. Aimed at the reasons of the deactivation, an improved catalyst was obtained by the complexing agent-assisted sol–gel method.     

Palladium–vanadium interaction in binary supported catalysts

We have studied the activity and selectivity of Pd/γ-Al₂O₃, VO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pd–VO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts for the decomposition of NO and the reduction of NO with CO. Pd–VO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by anchoring Pd(AcAc)₂ on VO_x/γ-Al₂O₃. Characterization of the binary samples by hydrogen chemisorption and TPR measurements indicated that the reduction of VO_x is enhanced by a close contact with palladium and that partially reduced vanadia decorate noble metal particles. This palladium–vanadium interaction alters the catalytic properties of palladium: the activity for NO decomposition is higher for the binary sample and, for the NO–CO reaction, both the activity and the selectivity to N₂ increase when vanadium is in contact with palladium.     

Transient behaviour of catalytic monolith with NOx storage capacity

Transient behaviour of catalytic monolith converter with NO_x storage is studied under conditions typical for automobiles with lean-burn engines (i.e., diesel and advanced gasoline ones). Periodical alternation of inlet concentrations is applied—NO_x are adsorbed on the catalyst surface during a long reductant-lean phase (2–3 min) and then reduced to N₂ within a short reductant-rich phase (2–6 s). Samples of industrial NO_x storage and reduction catalyst of NM/Ba/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ type (NM = noble metal), washcoated on 400 cpsi cordierite substrate, are used in the study. Effects of the rich-phase length and composition on the overall NO_x conversions are examined experimentally. Reduction of NO_x by CO, H₂ and unburned hydrocarbons (represented by C₃H₆) in the presence of CO₂ and H₂O is considered.

Effective, spatially 1D, heterogeneous mathematical model of catalytic monolith with NO_x and oxygen storage capacity is described. The minimum set of experiments needed for the evaluation of relevant reaction kinetic parameters is discussed: (i) CO, H₂ and HC oxidation light-off under both lean and rich conditions, including inhibition effects, (ii) NO/NO₂ transformation, (iii) NO_x storage, including temperature dependence of effective NO_x storage capacity, (iv) water gas shift and steam reforming under rich conditions, i.e., in situ production of hydrogen, (v) oxygen storage and reduction, including temperature dependence of effective oxygen storage capacity, and (vi) NO_x desorption and reduction under rich conditions. The experimental data are compared with the simulation results.     

Kinetics of the water–gas shift reaction over nanostructured copper–ceria catalysts

Water–gas shift reaction was studied over two nanostructured Cu_xCe_1−xO_2−y catalysts: a Cu_0.1Ce_0.9O_2−y catalyst prepared by a sol–gel method and a Cu_0.2Ce_0.8O_2−y catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method. A commercial low temperature water–gas shift CuO–ZnO–Al₂O₃ catalyst was used as reference. The kinetics was studied in a plug flow micro reactor at an atmospheric pressure in the temperature interval between 298 and 673 K at two different space velocities: 5.000 and 30.000 h⁻¹, respectively. Experimentally estimated activation energy, E_af, of the forward water–gas shift reaction at CO/H₂O = 1/3 was 51 kJ/mol over the Cu_0.1Ce_0.9O_2−y, 34 kJ/mol over the Cu_0.2Ce_0.8O_2−y and 47 kJ/mol over the CuO–ZnO–Al₂O₃ catalyst. A simple rate expression approximating the water–gas shift process as a single reversible surface reaction was used to fit the experimental data in order to evaluate the rate constants of the forward and backward reactions and of the activation energy for the backward reaction.     

Pt/Pt-Ce/γ-Al2O3催化氧化甲苯研究

通过等体积浸渍法制备单贵金属Pt/γ-Al₂O₃和双金属Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察Ce对催化剂活性的影响,确定催化剂最优配比。结果表明,当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.5%时,Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化活性最高;当Pt的负载量为质量分数0.2%,Ce的负载量为质量分数1.0%时,Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性最高。Pt-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的甲苯转化率高于Pt/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。随着Pt负载量增大,催化剂孔容、孔径减小。粉体式催化剂性能优于整体式催化剂,但差别不大;Ce的添加有助于催化剂活性的提升。     

Mechanistic differences in the selective reduction of NO by propene over cobalt- and silver-promoted alumina catalysts: kinetic and in situ DRIFTS study

The distribution of gaseous products and the nature of the surface species generated during the selective catalytic reduction of NO with C₃H₆ in the presence of excess O₂ (i.e. C₃H₆-SCR) were studied over both a 0.4% Co/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst and a sulphated 1.2% Ag/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The results were compared with those previously reported for the C₃H₆-SCR over 1.2% Ag/γ-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃. High concentrations of NO₂ were observed in the product stream of the SCR reaction over the 0.4% Co/γ-Al₂O₃ and sulphated 1.2% Ag/γ-Al₂O₃ materials. The results show that (as in the case of the γ-Al₂O₃ and also probably that of the 1.2% Ag/γ-Al₂O₃) the NO₂ was formed via an alternative route to the direct oxidation of NO with O₂. The yields of NO₂ were higher over the Co/γ-Al₂O₃ than over the other materials and in contrast to the other materials, no NH₃ was produced over the Co/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Based on these results and those of in situ DRIFTS experiments, a global reaction scheme incorporating organo-nitrogen species as key intermediates is proposed. In this scheme, NO, propene and oxygen react to form organo-nitro and/or organo-nitrito adsorbed species, the reaction products of which combine to yield N₂. The results reported here suggest that Co preferentially promotes the formation of nitrito-compounds which can readily decompose to NO₂, whereas Ag preferentially promotes the formation of nitro-compounds (from reaction of strongly bound ad-NO_x species) which can decompose to isocyanates and ammonia. The sulphation of the 1.2% Ag/γ-Al₂O₃ reduced the surface concentration of strongly bound ad-NO_x species which were thought to react with the reductant or derived species to yield the organo-nitrogen species.     

AFeO3 (A=La, Nd, Sm) and LaFe1−xMgxO3 perovskites as methane combustion and CO oxidation catalysts: structural, redox and catalytic properties

Catalytic methane combustion and CO oxidation were investigated over AFeO₃ (A=La, Nd, Sm) and LaFe_1−xMg_xO₃ (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) perovskites prepared by citrate method and calcined at 1073 K. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Redox properties and the content of Fe⁴⁺ were derived from temperature programmed reduction (TPR). Specific surface areas (SA) of perovskites were in 2.3–9.7 m² g⁻¹ range. XRD analysis showed that LaFeO₃, NdFeO₃, SmFeO₃ and LaFe_1−xMg_xO₃ (x·0.3) are single phase perovskite-type oxides. Traces of La₂O₃, in addition to the perovskite phase, were detected in the LaFe_1−xMg_xO₃ catalysts with x=0.4 and 0.5. TPR gave evidence of the presence in AFeO₃ of a very small fraction of Fe⁴⁺ which reduces to Fe³⁺. The fraction of Fe⁴⁺ in the LaFe_1−xMg_xO₃ samples increased with increasing magnesium content up to x=0.2, then it remained nearly constant. Catalytic activity tests showed that all samples gave methane and CO complete conversion with 100% selectivity to CO₂ below 973 and 773 K, respectively. For the AFeO₃ materials the order of activity towards methane combustion is La>Nd>Sm, whereas the activity, per unit SA, of the LaFe_1−xMg_xO₃ catalysts decreases with the amount of Mg at least for the catalysts showing a single perovskite phase (x=0.3). Concerning the CO oxidation, the order of activity for the AFeO₃ materials is Nd>La>Sm, while the activity (per unit SA) of the LaFe_1−xMg_xO₃ catalysts decreases at high magnesium content.     

M/γ-Al2O3催化剂对煤油水重整制氢的影响

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,采用等体积分步浸渍法制备了以Ni为活性组分,La、Ce、Fe、Cr、Co为助剂的催化剂M/γ-Al₂O₃,在固定床管式反应器中研究了M/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的性能,考察了反应温度、水碳比和空速对氢产率的影响,并对催化剂进行XRD、SEM和BET表征。结果表明,NiLaCeFeCrCo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较好的催化性能,在反应温度700 ℃、水碳物质的量比10和空速6 min^-1的条件下,氢产率达到27.335 mol·mol^-1,并在300 min内表现出较好的活性,平均氢产率为21.966 mol·mol^-1。