对GPS接收机的一种新宽带压制干扰样式分析

针对单频连续波干扰极易通过频域滤波加以抑制,而宽带连续阻塞式干扰又存在干扰效率低下的问题,提出脉冲连续波这种新的宽带梳状拦阻式干扰样式。根据C/A码、P(Y)码和M码信号功率谱特点分别设置脉冲连续波的干扰频率覆盖范围。以码跟踪误差作为干扰效果评估指标,对不同干扰环境下采用窄带非相干延迟锁定环的GPS接收机码跟踪性能进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:脉冲连续波干扰对不同伪随机噪声码(PRN)编号和副载波调制相位下的C/A码和M码信号影响是不同的,在相同干信比(JSR)条件下,脉冲连续波的干扰效果要优于宽带高斯噪声和匹配谱干扰。     

现代化的GPS新民用信号L1C码跟踪性能分析

由于目前L1频段的拥挤性和GPS L1C调制方式MBOC(6,1,1/11)的复杂性,系统内和系统间干扰不可避免,并且这些干扰对码跟踪性能的影响不能简单地等价为白噪声进行分析.针对这一特点,提出一种可用于非白色干扰环境下码跟踪精度分析的方法,并用该方法对比分析了GPS L1C、GPS L1C/A码在无干扰和干扰情况下的跟踪性能.分析结果表明:L1C码跟踪精度可比L1C/A提高50%～150%;最坏情况下,同频带导航信号的干扰可导致L1C跟踪误差增加30%.分析过程和分析结果可为接收机设计和兼容性评估提供参考.     

对GPS M码信号的噪声调频干扰参数优化研究

GPS M码信号采用二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制,实现了频谱分离,带宽更大,原有针对C/A码、P码的干扰参数设置无法对其进行有效干扰。文中采用可形成较大带宽的噪声调频干扰样式,结合GPS软件接收机码跟踪环路工作原理,以接收机码跟踪误差为干扰评价指标,对特定干信比下的干扰频偏和干扰带宽进行参数优化,通过综合比较得出针对M码信号的噪声调频干扰高效干扰参数设置。     

GPS/INS超紧致耦合压制干扰能力分析

采用带限高斯噪声和同速率伪码相关信号对全球定位系统(GPS)/惯导系统(INS)超紧致耦合导航系统GPS军码接收机实施压制干扰。通过分析GPS P(Y)码和M码信号功率谱变化特点,对以上两种压制干扰进行信号参数的优化确定,进而计算出参数优化后的干扰信号造成GPS/INS超紧致耦合GPS军码接收机载波环路失锁时射频前端处所需的最小干扰功率。考虑干扰信号入射角与接收天线增益的关系,仿真得到不同高度干扰源发射功率与有效干扰距离的关系曲线。根据要地目标的防护需求,对不同制导武器所需的连续压制干扰作用距离进行定量分析,并在此基础上对沿来袭制导武器航路附近部署的多干扰源位置坐标和数量设置问题完成建模求解。     

GPS接收机码／载波跟踪环技术及其对伪距测量精度的影响

码／载波跟踪环技术是现代数字GPS接收机普遍采用的技术，它不仅可提高GPS接收机抗干扰能力，而且还可提高GPS接收机伪距测量精度。本文根据以C／N0为基础的伪距测量方差及码／载波跟踪环门限，分析采用码／载波跟踪环技术GPS接收机的伪距测量精度。     

GPS接收机伪码测距方法及误差分析

根据全球定位系统(GPS)的信号特点,介绍了GPS接收机利用L1频段C/A码进行伪码测 距的原理和方法,提出了一种简单、易行的位同步环设计 方法,并与传统设计方案进行了对比。最后,对影响伪距测量值的因素进行了讨论,给出了 误差计算的方法,分析了对测距精度的影响。     

同源多码流直接序列扩频信号性能分析

新一代GPS系统加入了二相偏移载波(BOC)调制信号。相对GPS传统PSK-R信号,BOC信号具有更多的高频分量,在抗干扰性能、码跟踪精度、频谱利用和给定带宽条件下的多信号复用诸方面获得改善和提高。该文分析提出,GPS传统C/A码和P(Y)码信号做为整体时具有与BOC信号相似的特性。该文将其推广到一般化同源多码流信号,分析表明,可以将同源多码流信号作为新信号形式联合处理,以在白噪声和人为干扰具主导作用环境提高码跟踪性能。该文得出两种经典信号谱型条件下,以信号参数表示的码跟踪误差改善的表达式并给出了实现3 dB码跟踪性能改善的参数数值。     

GPS接收机抗干扰性能仿真研究

从压制式干扰对GPS信号捕获的影响和对GPS信号跟踪的影响2个方面分析了对GPS接收机实施干扰的可行性;进行了GPS干扰性能仿真,建立了P码GPS接收机、P码GPS信号和GPS下行信道的数学模型和仿真模型;对单载波干扰信号、阶梯波扫频干扰信号和噪声调频干扰信号下P码GPS接收机的抗干扰容限进行了仿真实验,并给出了实验结果,最后对抗干扰容限仿真实验结果进行了分析。     

GPS接收机Z跟踪技术抗干扰性能分析

Z跟踪技术是民用GPS接收机为消除或减弱AS（Anti—Spoofing）政策影响,实施精密测距和高精度导航定位的一种有效方法。通过分析Z跟踪技术载波相位测量的基本原理,研究了GPS接收机Z跟踪技术的抗压制干扰、抗欺骗干扰性能。结果表明：采用Z跟踪技术的GPS接收机与C／A码接收机的抗压制干扰基本相同;其在信号捕获状态下的抗欺骗干扰能力取决于欺骗干扰信号与GPS信号的相关程度,而在信号跟踪状态下抗欺骗干扰能力则等同于抗伪随机噪声码干扰能力。     

BOC调制伪码跟踪热噪声误差研究

介绍了BOC调制的定义,研究了BOC调制伪码跟踪热噪声误差Cremer-Rao界与调制参数之间的关系,所得结论可为BOC调制信号参数设计提供理论指导。分析了GPS和Galileo接收机伪码跟踪热噪声的理论误差,可为GPS和Galileo接收机伪码跟踪算法性能评价提供参考。     

直扩/跳频测控信号伪码跟踪抗干扰性能分析

研究了直扩/跳频测控信号伪码跟踪的抗干扰性能,通过加权处理使其归结为分析干扰条件下直扩信号伪码跟踪性能。采用鉴相曲线的过零点偏移表示干扰对跟踪的影响,推导了伪码跟踪的最大干扰误差表达式。以单音信号作为输入干扰,对最大干扰误差进行了理论分析,得出了音频干扰对伪码跟踪的影响规律。仿真结果表明,理论分析与仿真结果吻合较好,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Analysis of a coherent frequency-hopped spread-spectrum receiver in the presence of jamming

A digital phase/timing tracking loop for a coherent frequency-hopped spread-spectrum receiver is analyzed. A training period is introduced to aid the system in entering the tracking mode; once in this latter mode, decision-directed measurements are used. The S-curve, the conditional variance of the phase estimator, and the linear model of the loop are derived. Then, under minor assumptions, the phase error is modeled as a homogeneous finite Markov chain. Based on this model, the length of the training period and the approximate probability of entering the tracking range are obtained; in the tracking mode, the steady-state average probability of error and the mean-time to loss-of-lock are obtained. By limiting the maximum output magnitude of the phase estimator, it is shown that the tracking performance is close to that of coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) in the absence of jamming, or that assuming perfect synchronization, in the presence of partial-band jamming. The mean-time to loss-of-lock is shown to be several orders of magnitude larger than the expected length of training period. The effects of a cubic channel phase response and a constant RF phase error are presented     

GPS卫星捕捉及跟踪算法研究

为了能完成卫星定位,需要对卫星信号进行捕获、追踪。文中针对带有C/A码的L1频段的GPS信号进行定位研究,捕获能从接收的信号中粗略地估算出可见卫星的信号参数,用于帮助接收机初始化跟踪环路,并开始跟踪信号。码跟踪和载波跟踪模块则将这些参数细化,跟踪后即可解调出导航数据。仿真结果表明,算法可准确快速地从32颗卫星中捕捉和跟踪预定的卫星信号。     

Performance Analysis of GPS Receivers in Non-Gaussian Noise Incorporating Precorrelation Filter and Sampling Rate

Global positioning system (GPS) receivers find growing applications in indoor and outdoor communication environments, including urban and rural areas. Interference and noise sources for GPS receivers may assume Gaussian or non-Gaussian distributions. The GPS receiver performance under Gaussian additive noise has been studied. Non-Gaussian noise may equally contaminate the GPS satellite signals and disturb the receiver delay lock loops (DLL), producing significant tracking errors. These sources include impulsive noise, ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, and impulse and noise radar signals for target tracking and indoor imaging applications. This paper considers non-Gaussian noise of finite variance and examines its effect on the discriminator outputs for the commercial GPS receiver that uses the coarse acquisition (C/A) code. The correlator noise output components are produced from the correlation between the noise sequence and the early, late, and punctual reference C/A code. Due to the long time averaging, which is characteristic of the GPS correlation loops, these components assume Gaussian distributions. The discriminator tracking error variance is derived, incorporating the effect of noise, the front-end precorrelation filter, and the sampling rate.     

GNSS CODE AND CARRIER TRACKING IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPATH

It is well known that multipath represents a major error source in differential GNSS positioning. Errors produced are unique to each antenna position and so are uncorrelated between the reference station and the mobile receiver. Reduction techniques, such as narrow correlator spacing¹ and the multipath estimating delay lock loop (MEDLL)² have improved the situation. However, reflected signals emanating close to the antenna are not reduced by either technique. Carrier multipath is a particular problem because short delay multipath signals cause maximum carrier errors. This study describes the analysis that has been carried out into code and carrier tracking in the presence of multipath. Code tracking in this situation produces a non-zero mean error,³ and the source of this bias has been investigated. Code and carrier multipath errors of the global orbiting navigation satellite system (GLONASS) have been compared with those of the global positioning system (GPS). The effects of pre-correlation filtering on code and carrier multipath errors have been determined using data from a measured correlation function. The multipath fading bandwidth is also discussed, and fast and slow fading effects are presented. A comparison has been made of the performance of typical coherent and non-coherent code discriminators in the presence of multipath. The performance of the GPS and GLONASS P code signals have been determined with respect to code and carrier multipath errors. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无人机载干扰设备与导航GPS的电磁兼容

介绍了GPS采用的伪随机噪声编码、直接序列扩频等抗干扰功能,分析了GPSP（Y）码和C／A码抗干扰所需干信比。根据GPS卫星信号到达地面的信号强度,给出了干扰设备发射通道和GPS有源天线的概要设计,并对干扰设备发射通道滤波器的阻带抑制进行了计算,综合分析了干扰设备与导航GPS的电磁兼容性。     

GPS/SINS组合的抗干扰性能分析

通过对GPS接收机跟踪环路的抗干扰性能进行深入讨论,分别得出GPS/SINS组合以及C/A码GPS接收机的抗干扰性能以及二者间的差异,并通过C/A码接收机的注入式干扰实验,对理论分析进行了验证。分析结果表明,GPS/SINS组合具有更强的抗干扰能力,其抗干扰能力可达到50dB以上。     

Pseudonoise code tracking loop for a CDMA system with imperfect power control

In this paper, performance of a pseudonoise (PN) code tracking loop is analysed and simulated for a direct‐sequence/code‐division‐multiple‐access (DS/CDMA) system with imperfect power control in a multipath fading channel. A non‐coherent first‐order delay‐locked loop (DLL) is considered as a PN code tracking loop. Power control error is modelled as a log‐normally distributed random variable. The multipath fading channel is modelled as a two‐ray Rayleigh fading model that is typically applied to land mobile communication environments. The tracking performance of DLL is evaluated in terms of tracking jitter and mean‐time‐to‐lose‐lock (MTLL). From the simulation results, it is shown that for smaller discriminator offset, tracking jitter performance is improved while MTLL performance is degraded. It is shown that large power control error and heavy shadowing substantially degrade the PN tracking performance. Therefore, an accurate power control scheme is very essential to compensate for fading and shadowing for a DS/CDMA system. The extension of analysis to higher‐order loop models is very straightforward. The analysis in this paper can be applied to design the PN code tracking loop for a DS/CDMA system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.