Al2O3/ZL101-La合金复合材料凝固组织与溶质偏析的研究

利用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3/ZL101-La复合材料,研究了稀土La对复合材料凝固组织以及基体合金凝固时溶质偏析的影响.结果表明,稀土La可细化基体合金的凝固组织,并且富集在界面附近,有利于改善铝合金液对氧化铝短纤维的润湿性,但是未发现任何富稀土相在界面上形成.稀土La对基体合金中的镁的偏聚没有很明显的影响,镁和稀土La均在界面处富集,且它们的分布位置大致近似.     

锌铝合金溶射膜在食盐水溶液中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀速度

本研究使用旋转电极恒电位法测定了纯锌(99.99%)和纯铝(99.99%)及含有铝分别为5%、13%、15%、22%、30%的锌铝合金溶射膜的腐蚀电位和极化曲线。据根Mansteld法、借助电子计算机处理,求出各试样的腐蚀速度。实验证明锌铝合金有着与纯锌相似的极化行为;合金的腐蚀电位与纯锌接近并随着合金中铝含量的增加向贵的方向移动;锌铝合金有比纯锌更好的耐腐蚀性、含铝15%的合金耐蚀性表现最佳。     

时效处理对7050铝合金组织与性能的影响

对7050铝合金进行硬度测试、腐蚀性能测试和透射电子显微分析(TEM),研究了单级时效处理对合金组织与性能的影响。实验结果表明:7050铝合金具有较强的时效硬化效应。单级时效温度由120℃升高到160℃时,合金时效硬化速度显著加快,合金进入峰时效状态所需时间显著缩短,但合金的峰值点的硬度降低。时效处理后合金晶内析出了大量的尺寸细小的η'相,弥散分布在基体中。合金晶界处析出了粗大的平衡相,成分为MgZn_2,PFZ出现。随着时效温度的升高,合金晶间析出相连续且粗大,PFZ宽化,合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能持续下降。对于剥落腐蚀来说,合金的腐蚀程度不仅与晶界结构有关,还与晶界数量有关,温度上升,合金晶粒尺寸迅速增大,晶界数目显著减少,二者相互作用最终导致了合金的抗剥落腐蚀性能的提高。     

LD2CS腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率可靠性评估

LD2CS铝合金广泛应用于飞机结构中,在腐蚀与疲劳环境共同作用下,材料的使用寿命会大大降低。通过对预腐蚀LD2CS合金的研究,获得了一种基于可靠性的腐蚀裂纹扩展速率表达式,为预测铝合金构件的安全寿命提供依据。该表达式表明,即便在腐蚀条件下,铝合金裂纹扩展仍然存在门槛值,而且该门槛值会随着腐蚀损伤变化。     

铸造铝镁合金的应力腐蚀

用恒伸长速率试验和电镜,研究了不同镁含量的铝镁铸造合金在３．０％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,研究结果表明,镁含量增加,合金的强度增加,应力腐蚀敏性增大,低镁且添加一定的硅的铝镁合金经Ｔ４处理,具有较高的机械性能及较好的抗应力腐蚀能。ｍ（Ｍｇ）：ｍ（Ｓｉ）〉１．７３时,合金中过剩Ｍｇ在晶界上偏聚,加速应力腐蚀过程。     

镁基储氢合金寿命改善方法研究概况

镁基储氢合金是一种很有发展前景的储氢合金材料,但其在碱性电解液中极易腐蚀,循环性能较差,这限制了它在镍氢电池中的实际应用.因此,采用不同方法对镁基储氢合金的性能进行改进研究成为近年来的一个研究热点.主要针对几种改善镁基储氢合金循环性能的方法进行了综述.     

Ho对AZ91镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用重力铸造方法制备了3种Ho改性AZ91镁合金。通过腐蚀实验对改性合金的自腐蚀和电偶腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,随着Ho含量的增加,改性合金的自腐蚀性能和电偶腐蚀性能逐步提高,当Ho的质量分数为1.10%和2.16%时,合金的耐蚀性能较佳。此外,阴极的特性对改性合金的腐蚀性能有明显影响,4种材料的阴极作用由弱到强依次为:铝硅合金,纯铝,45#钢和球墨铸铁。Ho通过抑制β相的阴极作用,增加自腐蚀电位,提高了合金的腐蚀性能。     

合金元素Er对AZ63镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

研究了AZ63和AZ63-Er镁合金的微观组织、腐蚀行为.采用静态析氢腐蚀速率、失重腐蚀速率、塔菲尔曲线、交流阻抗、金相显微等实验技术,表征了AZ63和AZ63-Er镁合金材料的显微组织和腐蚀性能.结果表明:在AZ63镁合金中添加合金化元素Er,显微组织由胞状晶组织转变为树枝晶组织,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相主要沿晶界分布,但随着Er元素的增加,网状连续分布的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,转变成颗粒状、细小的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,均匀分布于α-Mg基体上,晶粒明显细化;静态析氢腐蚀速率和失重腐蚀速率降低,腐蚀电流密度减小,极化电阻增大,表明添加合金化元素Er的AZ63-Er镁合金腐蚀速率明显降低,耐腐蚀性显著提高.     

镁锂合金表面磷酸盐转化膜研究

针对镁锂合金耐腐蚀性差的问题,采用无铬磷酸盐转化技术在室温条件下在镁锂合金表面形成磷酸盐转化膜,以改善镁锂合金的耐腐蚀性.利用极化曲线、析氢实验、SEM、EDS对磷酸盐转化膜的耐腐蚀性和结构进行研究.结果表明,室温成膜的最佳时间是9 min;磷酸盐转化膜使镁锂合金的腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀电流降低,并显著降低了镁锂合金的析氢速度,提高了镁锂合金的耐腐蚀能力;磷酸盐转化膜由花形团簇组成,主要成分为Mg、O、P以及少量的C、Mn、K、Na、Al.硬度与结合力分析表明,磷酸盐转化膜硬度明显高于镁锂合金,并与镁锂合金基体结合力良好,能够起到保护镁锂合金的作用.     

涂敷Na2SO4盐膜的Ni基合金在900℃空气中的热腐蚀

采用涂盐法,在纯Ni、Ni-10Cr、Ni-20Cr和Ni-10Cr-5Al合金上涂敷40～ 45 g/m2厚度Na2SO4盐膜,研究其在900℃空气中的热腐蚀行为.结果表明：纯Ni和3种Ni基合金的抗热腐蚀性能依纯Ni、Ni-10Cr-5Al、Ni-10Cr、Ni-20Cr的次序递增.3种Ni基合金形成了相似的腐蚀膜结构,腐蚀膜大体分3层,外层都是NiO.Ni-20Cr合金中间层为连续的Cr2O3层,内部出现极少的硫化物;Ni-10Cr合金腐蚀膜的中间层是相对深色的NiO和Cr2O3混合层,内侧出现硫化物;而Ni-10Cr-5Al合金腐蚀膜的中间层是NiO、Cr2 O3和Al2O3的混合氧化物,内层是Cr和Al的硫化物,分布在腐蚀膜和基体的界面上,有的分布在合金基体上.在Ni的基础上添加Cr并增加Cr含量均提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能,但在Ni-10Cr的基础上增加质量分数5％Al却使抗热腐蚀性能下降.     

Relationships between the precipitation of α2 ordered phase and alloying elements／electron concentration in α＋α2 titanium alloys

Some experimental α α2 alloys were prepared by the addition of tin or aluminum elements into Ti-55 alloy. These alloys were designed with varied electron concentration values and named as Sn-rich alloys and Al-rich alloys, respectively. The precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phase in the tested alloys under various heat treatment conditions were investigated. Some comparisons among the experimental results were performed and discussed in detail. Stronger precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phasewere caused in Al-rich alloys but relatively weak change in Sn-rich alloys with increasing the electron concentration. The precipitation of α2 ordered phase in Al-rich alloys is stronger than that in Sn-rich alloys when the electron concentration value is the same for the two alloys.     

Relationships between the precipitation of α2 ordered phase and alloying elements/electron concentration in α+α2 titanium alloys

Some experimental α α2 alloys were prepared by the addition of tin or aluminum elements into Ti-55 alloy. These alloys were designed with varied electron concentration values and named as Sn-rich alloys and Al-rich alloys, respectively. The precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phase in the tested alloys under various heat treatment conditions were investigated. Some comparisons among the experimental results were performed and discussed in detail. Stronger precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phase were caused in Al-rich alloys but relatively weak change in Sn-rich alloys with increasing the electron concentration. The precipitation of α2 ordered phase in Al-rich alloys is stronger than that in Sn-rich alloys when the electron concentration value is the same for the two alloys.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics analysis of in-situ synthesizing AIN

AIN powders were prepared by in-situ synthesis technique. It is a reaction of binary molten Al−Mg alloys with highly pure nitrogen. It was confirmed through thermodynamics calculation that Mg element in Al−Mg alloys can decrease oxygen content in the reacting system. Thus, nitridation reaction can be performed to form AIN. Moreover, an analysis of kinetics shows that the nitridation reaction of Al−Mg alloys can be accelerated and transferred rapidly with the increment of Mg content.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics analysis of in-situ synthesizing AlN

AlN powders were prepared by in-situ synthesis technique. It is a reaction of binary molten Al-Mg alloys with highly pure nitrogen. It was confirmed through thermodynamics calculation that Mg element in Al-Mg alloys can decrease oxygen content in the reacting system. Thus, nitridation reaction can be performed to form AlN. Moreover, an analysis of kinetics shows that the nitridation reaction of Al-Mg alloys can be accelerated and transferred rapidly with the increment of Mg content.     

稀土对铸态铝合金中元素分布及化合物量的影响

本文研究了微量稀土对工业纯铝中杂质元素的固溶量、Al-Cu及Al-Cu-Li合金中Cu的固溶量和Al-Zn—Mg合金中Zn、Mg固溶量及其化合物量的影响。     

微量Ni对MgNi合金组织与性能的影响

在铸态情况下,研究了添加微量Ni对MgNi合金的微观组织、力学性能、硬度及断裂方式的影响.结果表明,纯Mg的组织主要为α相,MgNi系列合金MgNi0.28,MgNi0.99,MgNi1.54合金除了α固溶体外,还存在γ相和Ni相.纯Mg的晶粒粗大,加入Ni后,晶粒得到细化,大小趋向均匀.当添加少量Ni时,合金的抗拉强度显著增加;但当Ni含量超过0.28%时,抗拉强度增加不明显.随Ni含量的增加,MgNi合金的延伸率、硬度先增大后减小;MgNi合金的断裂方式由解理断裂向沿晶断裂方向发展.     

Corrosion Behavior of Mg65Cu25-xZnxGd10 (x=0, 5) Metallic Glass

The effect of substitutional element Zn on corrosion behavior of Mg65Cu25Gd10 glass was investigated. The amorphous structure of Mg65Cu25-xZnxGd10(x=0, 5) alloys were examined by X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dissolution rates of Mg65Cu25-xZnxGd10(x=0,5) metallic glasses in a 5 wt% NaCl solution with pH value of 7 were determined by a hydrogen evolution testing method. The corrosion behavior of these alloys was characterized using dipping tests with 5 wt% NaCl, in combination with electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the anti-corrosion ability of Mg65Cu25Gd10 alloy is significantly improved due to the addition of Zn. Possible mechanism responsible for the improvement is discussed.     

Electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum-magnesium alloys at room temperature

Electrodeposition of aluminum from benzene-tetrahydrofuran-Al Cl3-Li Al H4 was studied at room temperature. Galvanostatic electrolysis was used to investigate the effect of various parameters on deposit morphology and crystal size, including current density, temperature, molar ratio of benzene/tetrahydrofuran and stirring speed. The deposit microstructure was adjusted by changing the parameters, and the optimum operating conditions were determined. Dense, bright and adherent aluminum coatings were obtained over a wide range of current densities(10-25 m A/cm2), molar ratio of benzene and tetrahydrofuran(4:1 to 7:8) and stirring speeds(200-500 r/min). Smaller grain sizes and well-adhered deposits were obtained at lower temperatures. Aluminum-magnesium alloys could potentially be used as hydrogen storage materials. A novel method for Al-Mg deposition was proposed by using pure Mg anodes in the organic solvents system benzene-tetrahydrofuran-Al Cl3-Li Al H4. XRD shows that the aluminum-magnesium alloys are mainly Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17.     

Co部分替代Ni对La_(0.4)Er_(0.4)Mg_(0.2)Ni_(3.3-x)Co_xAl_(0.2)(0.1≤x≤0.4)储氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

为了改善储氢合金La0.4Er0.4Mg0.2Ni3.3-xCoxAl0.2(0.1≤x≤0.4)的结构和综合电化学性能,采用Co部分替代Ni的方法,实验采用高频感应炉制备La0.4Er0.4Mg0.2Ni3.3-xCoxAl0.2(0.1≤x≤0.4)储氢合金。通过X射线衍射技术和电化学测量方法研究储氢合金的晶体结构和电化学性能。XRD图谱显示样品储氢合金主要由LaNi5和La2Ni7相组成,电化学实验表明,随着Co含量的增高,储氢合金电极的最大放电容量和50次循环后的容量保持率S50基本呈现增加状态,放电容量从x=0.1时的225mA·h/g升高到x=0.4时的254.9mA·h/g,容量保持率S50从57.11%(x=0.1)增加到66.10%(x=0.4),但高倍率性能不断下降。通过交流阻抗(EIS)和线性扫描(LS)对Co替代Ni的合金动力学性能分析发现,Co替代Ni后合金的表面电荷转移能力先降低后升高。     

镁及镁合金等通道转角挤压研究进展及发展趋势

镁及镁合金属于HCP结构,织构和晶粒尺寸是影响其性能的主要因素.本文对近年来镁及镁合金等通道转角挤压（Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP）的研究状况进行了综述,介绍了ECAP过程中影响镁及镁合金织构的主要因素.根据晶粒细化机制的不同,从两方面介绍了ECAP工艺制备镁及镁合金超细晶、纳米晶的进展,即＂Bottom-up＂和＂Top-down＂法。最后,提出了镁及镁合金ECAP具有发展潜力的研究方向.