燃气管道应力计算方法与应用

针对钢铁企业燃气管道的特点，设计中碰到的问题和困难，对燃气管道特别是大直径薄壁管道的应力计算理论、计算方法进行了研究和分析，提出大直径管道应力计算的方法和步骤以及如何利用现有的软件来进行分析，对管道的应力计算分析具有一定的参考意义。     

对热力管道热损失问题的探讨

本文对目前厂、矿自备热电站热力管道热损失问题的原因及防护措施进行了分析和研究探讨,并对控制热损失在设计、施工方面提出了一些合理性建议。     

管道接管设计中应注意的问题

通过大量图例和有限元模型分析计算结果,介绍了冶金工程管道系统中管道与接管的相交角度对管道应力、变形的影响和接管的大小与管道应力、变形几者间的关系,提出了工程管道接管设计中应注意的一些问题。     

应力分析在冶金企业管道设计中的应用

介绍了管道应力分析的重要性及应力分析的主要内容;针对具体工程实例,借助应力分析软件进行了管道布置优化。     

热力管道设计中遇到的问题及其解决办法

结合在热力管道设计中,常遇到固定管道热胀冷缩问题,从理论上进行推导求证,并提出解决办法及补偿器选择方案。     

燃气埋地聚乙烯管道修补的应力研究

为了有助于判断城镇燃气聚乙烯管道工作能力和使用年限,对埋地聚乙烯管道修复的应力分布进行了分析。考虑了管道温度变化、荷载和土壤-管道相互作用等因素,选择了4种修补方式来修复圆形和缝隙型缺陷的管道。基于有限元模拟分析表明,管道峰值应力随管道圆形缺陷范围的增加而增大,30℃时管道缺陷直径高于12.5mm时,峰值应力超出许用应力;不同形状的修补中,鞍形修补对管道和修补处应力的效果最佳;管道裂缝缺陷的形状对管道应力影响较大,当a/b比率低于0.3时,4种修复方式均无法达到修补效果。     

管道应力分析与管道设计

在使用管道应力分析软件的过程中，会遇到各种多管道应力分析与管道设计的疑难问题，这些问题在规程规范中也没详细说明或者定义。将具有共性的问题，加以考证和整理，以资从事管道应力分析、管道设计，以资管道施工安装的人员参考、借鉴。     

球形补偿器的节能分析

球形补偿器作为热力管道的新型补偿装置,其补偿能力大,流体阻力、变形应力小、节省管材、节约投资,占地少、安装方便.通过与Ⅱ形补偿器的对比分析,其节能效果非常显著,是一种理想的新型节能补偿装置.     

论压力管道应力分析的内容及特点

随着科学技术的进步,工业生产不断的发展,实际应用的管道种类越来越多,压力管道应力分析也因此而显得更为重要。但压力管道应力分析究竟涉及到哪些内容,其应力具有哪些特征,都是管道应力分析工程师一直要探讨的课题,着重探讨了压力管道应力分析的内容、特点及所遵循的规范。     

“L”形与“Z"形自然补偿在配管中的应用分析

通过利用CAESERⅡ法和图表法对热力管道的“L”形与“Z”形自然补偿进行分析对比,得出哪种补偿方法更优.     

蒸汽管道新型保温的应用分析

蒸汽管道及其附件保温,是影响蒸汽热量损耗的主要因素。蒸汽管道常年运行会造成保温破损及腐蚀严重,原保温材料保温性能降低,导致蒸汽管网输送损耗居高不下。本文对蒸汽管道采用新型保温技术和材料重新保温后的效果进行分析。     

Tactile Pressure Sensors for Soil-Structure Interaction Assessment

This paper provides an assessment of tactile pressure sensors for geotechnical applications. A tactile pressure sensor is an array of small sensing units, called sensels, embedded in a polymeric sheet or pad that measures the magnitude and distribution of stresses normal to the sheet surface. Methods for minimizing the effects of shear on sensor measurements are discussed and the efficacy of these methods are demonstrated by laboratory experiments. The time-dependent characteristics of the sensors are evaluated and recommendations are provided for measurements that account for time-dependent effects. Tactile pressure sensor measurements in response to vertical loading and unloading and to lateral loads on full-scale pipelines affected by large horizontal ground movements are compared with independent measurements of the loads. Sensor measurements are used to show the distribution of normal stress on pipelines subject to large lateral soil movement.     

Stress Concentration Solution for a 2D Dent in an Internally Pressurized Cylinder

Dent imperfections in internally pressurized shells have a stress concentration effect. In cylindrical shells under internal pressure, such as pipelines, stress concentrations associated with dent imperfections can degrade in-service performance. A new semianalytical solution is developed for the stress concentration distribution present along the two-dimensional circumferential cross section of a cylinder under internal pressure containing a local dent-like imperfection. An equivalent load approach is used. Results are compared against finite-element results. For practical application, the stress concentration factor (SCF) present at the outer surface of the dent center is derived. Parametric studies with this expression show that long dent stress concentrations are primarily influenced by the dent depth-pipe thickness and the dent depth-pipe diameter ratios. Example cases show that SCF values between 10.0 and 20.0 are possible and that even shallow dent SCFs can be above 2.0.     

Feasibility study for recovering waste heat in reduction system of Kroll process: Energy analysis and economic valuation

The feasibility of developing a waste heat recovery system from waste hot air generated by the reduction system in Kroll process to pre-heat water is studied in this paper, in order to reduce energy loss. In the proposed system, the hot air from reduction reactor was first collected by pipelines with insulating material, and then supplies to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to heat up water. And the energy, exergy analysis of the whole waste heat recovery system have been carried out firstly on the basis of material, energy and exergy balance. Then, the thermo-economic analysis and economic analysis of the waste heat recovery system are also discussed. The results show that the waste heat recovery system presented in this paper could be applied not only for restricted category of reduction system in Kroll process, although the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the waste heat recovery system are as low as 26.84% and 11.09%, respectively. And more than two times equivalent energy could be obtained from the waste heat recovery system. The payback period of a waste heat recovery system is about 4.39 years.     

供热管路的保温与节能

文章通过传热学和流体力学的理论分析和计算，并附以实例阐述热力管道保温的节能效果，以及保温材料品种与厚度的选择方法，提出了管路保温的经济厚度和其计算方法。     

Mechanical properties and reactive stresses of Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloys

The effects of the strain, the strain rate, the deformation temperature, the type of heat treatment, and the chemical composition on the mechanical properties of Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloys and the development of reactive stresses in them have been studied. The chemical composition and deformation temperature are shown to affect the mechanical properties of the alloys. The temperature-deformation conditions of reaching the maximum level of reactive stresses in the alloys are determined. The maximum reactive stress is found to depend on the mechanical properties of austenite, namely, on its yield strength. The best Ti-Ni-Nb alloy compositions are chosen for use in thermomechanical joints in pipelines.     

焊接钢管高频感应加热的残余应力和组织演变

 随着中国钢铁、冶金与电磁等交叉学科的快速发展，焊接钢管产量及质量日益提升。高频感应加热是生产焊接钢管的核心工序，获取更加精确的焊管高频加热过程的应力分布和微观组织演化规律，是进一步提升焊管品质的关键要素和学者们关切的问题。综合考虑热传导和微观组织转变对应力的影响，针对高频焊管特有的沙漏形热源形貌，定量分析了焊接热影响区微观组织演变过程和残余应力的分布规律，获得了考虑热应力和组织应力的残余应力分布。发现该应力特点为在焊缝附近轴向残余应力较大，最大等效残余应力出现在距焊缝中心1/2壁厚处的热影响区，在壁厚方向管材内部的中间层的残余应力较大，且应力分布与反映高频焊接热源形貌特征的加热温度峰值和加热温度宽度相关。而在焊缝中心处，未考虑组织变化的等效残余应力值是考虑组织变化的1.3倍。掌握焊管高频焊接应力和组织演变的特点和规律，可为优化高频焊接工艺提供理论依据，对提升高频焊管质量具有重要意义。     

高效长寿型高炉热风管道的研究

目前,国内很多高炉热风管道设计水平低、热量损失大、使用寿命短,不能适应高风温（1200～1250℃）、高风压（0．3～0．5MPa）和高风速（一般可达40m／s）的要求。介绍了鞍钢高炉热风管道的现状,在对高炉热风管道传热理论进行计算和研究的基础上,提出了建设高效长寿型高炉热风管道的相关措施。     

高炉铜冷却壁热力耦合的有限元分析

为评估高炉铜冷却壁工作时的热应力分布,先对铜材料进行高温拉伸试验,获得不同温度下铜的弹性模量,为铜冷却壁热力耦合数值分析提供了基础数据。通过对高炉的整体分析,得到各段铜冷却壁的位移。在此基础上计算自由膨胀时各段联络管的位移,考虑相互连接情况,最终计算得到实际工作时铜冷却壁的温度及应力分布。热膨胀导致铜冷却壁产生的热应力小于材料屈服强度,但挤压造成水管根部平均应力上升会导致疲劳失效。     

首钢大型高炉布袋除尘系统煤气温度的控制

介绍了在炼铁高炉煤气布袋除尘系统中,调节荒煤气温度来适应布袋除尘器布袋材质的许用温度的一项新技术。该技术采用热管做传热元件,并用水做降温介质,用管网蒸汽做升温介质,利用水的相变调节煤气温度。