连铸机和轧钢机的现代自动化系统

新型轧机模拟化技术正越来越多地被采用，通过对轧机部件的模拟来实现对动态特性和控制功能的最佳化已处于设计阶段。到目前为止，最新的方法是在模拟计算机上对控制和调节回路的预设定，以及（或者）对工艺控制电路软件的试验进行实时模拟。本文叙述了连铸机以及热轧和冷轧带钢轧机的实例。     

16Mn钢控轧控冷模拟实验研究

对微钛16Mn钢用压力膨胀仪和实验轧机研究控制轧制和控制冷却,以模拟适合大生产轧机的工艺条件。     

CVC轧机冷轧宽带材板形控制特性的数值模拟

以六次偶函数拟合宽带材出口横向厚度分布，计算了ＣＶＣ轧机冷轧宽带材前张应力横向分布，首次以张应力横向分布的形式，模拟了ＣＶＣ轧机冷轧宽带材板形控制特性，模拟结果证明：ＣＶＣ轧机冷轧宽带材时具有很强的板形控制能力。     

进口轧机数字化改造

本文论述广州铜材厂对德国轧机构成及电气控制系统的改造,把轧机原有的模拟控制系统改为全数字电气控制系统的改造过程。     

Φ80mm热轧圆钢精轧过程有限元模拟

唐钢长材部大型钢车间采用BD1、BD2、F1二辊可逆式轧机轧制Φ80 mm圆钢,通过热拉伸试验得出Q275B钢在不同温度、应变速率下的应力-应变曲线。为验证孔型系统及轧制规程的合理性,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS模拟Φ80 mm圆钢精轧机各道次轧制过程,基于模拟结果中孔型充满情况改变成品孔型辊缝设置,消除成品缺陷,提高成品表面质量和尺寸精度,模拟轧制力低于轧机最大轧制力,轧机不会由于过载而跳闸。基于此模拟结果开发的Φ80 mm圆钢,成品表面质量良好,尺寸、弯曲度均符合国家标准。     

轧机的计算机自动控制系统改造

对老轧机的模拟控制系统进行了升级改造,采用了计算机自动控制系统,提高了轧机的自动化程度、快速性、可靠性以及精度,减轻了工人的劳动强度,满足了轧钢工艺的各种要求,提高了轧机的生产质量和效率。     

轧机的计算机自动控制系统改造

对老轧机的模拟控制系统进行了升级改造,采用了计算机自动控制系统,提高了轧机的自动化程度、快速性、可靠性以及精度,减轻了工人的劳动强度,满足了轧钢工艺的各种要求,提高了轧机的生产质量和效率。     

万能轧机轧制电极扁钢工艺实践

采用万能轧机组开发扁钢生产工艺,生产的扁钢尺寸精度显著优于传统两辊轧制模式,尺寸精度可以达到±0.1 mm;并采用DEFORM软件对轧制过程展开三维有限元模拟。通过有限元模拟,合理设计开坯机和万能轧机机组孔型参数、各轧制道次压下量与延伸系数,保证了产品质量。     

复合管连轧变形过程有限元模拟

以铜/铝双金属管的轧制复合为例,对双金属管的连轧变形过程进行数值模拟。轧制工艺采用冷轧复合工艺,轧机采用三辊Y型轧机,结合金属塑性变形理论、管棒材连轧技术、张力减径理论,利用有限元模拟软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对其轧制过程进行了数值模拟,对双金属管在轧制复合过程中的金属流动、温度场分布和应力、应变情况做了分析研究。     

热轧带钢板形不规则与工作辊热凸度之间的关系

通过模拟热轧带钢轧机精轧机架工作辊的热条件，可以看出轧辊冷却模式和与轧机中心线的偏差会造成热轧带钢板形不规则。本文评述了证明这些发现的实验数据。     

Activity Object-Oriented Simulation Strategy for Modeling Construction Operations

The application of an object-oriented (OO) approach including the OO modeling concept and the OO programming mechanisms to develop an activity object-oriented (AOO) simulation strategy for modeling construction operations is introduced. After discussing simulation strategies generally used for construction simulation and analyzing the problems related to the simulation strategies, the AOO simulation strategy that guides modeling or controls simulation experiments for construction simulation is introduced. The AOO simulation strategy considers activities to be objects and is able to overcome some pitfalls that result from other general simulation strategies. In addition, the AOO graphical modeling interface associated with the AOO simulation strategy is described. Finally, comparisons of the graphical model or the simulation results of the AOO simulation system with other simulation tools are illustrated.     

Materials Handling System Simulation in Precast Viaduct Construction: Modeling, Analysis, and Implementation

The interactive, complicated system environment of a construction site renders conventional site layout planning and scheduling techniques to be inadequate in coping with materials handling system design in construction. In this paper, we present a university-industry joint endeavor for improving the effectiveness of the materials handling system on a precast viaduct construction project in Hong Kong by implementing the simplified discrete-event simulation approach (SDESA) along with its computer platform resulting from recent research. How to apply the simulation methodology of SDESA is elaborated step by step. Particular emphasis is placed on procedures of establishing a simulation model, validation of the simulation model, design of simulation experiments, and analysis of simulation results. With process flowchart, site layout plan, and process animation produced in a view-centric simulation environment, it is straightforward to establish, validate, and communicate the operations simulation. The research team convinced the project director, as well as field managers, of the functionality and effectiveness of operations simulation. The knowledge derived from simulation added to experiences of site managers in materials handling system design. With the aid of simulation, even junior engineers would be capable and confident to draw up an actionable construction plan that would lead to enhancement of cost effectiveness and productivity in the field.     

Research in Modeling and Simulation for Improving Construction Engineering Operations

Construction simulation, a fast-growing field, is the science of developing and experimenting with computer-based representations of construction systems to understand their underlying behavior. This paper provides a history of construction simulation theory, explores the CYCLONE modeling methodology and its major subsequent developments, examines the development of the Simphony.NET and COSYE modeling environments and their functionality as more generic simulation platforms, and reviews effective strategies for applying simulation in construction. A construction simulation case study is presented that illustrates one successful approach for adopting simulation technology in the industry and outlines the benefits to industry of integrating these technologies. The paper provides an overview of long-term simulation initiatives leading to the next generation of computer modeling systems for construction, where simulation plays an integral role in a futuristic vision of automated project planning and control.     

钢铁生产流程的物质流仿真研究

 在现代工业智能化发展的要求下,钢铁等工业流程的整体性研究越演越烈,物流仿真技术在工业流程研究中的应用也越来越广泛。目前,对于钢铁生产流程的物质流仿真研究方法还不普遍,研究者还未认识到物流仿真方法对流程整体性研究带来的实际益处。介绍了目前为止应用广泛的物流仿真工具,重点概述它们在钢铁生产流程上的相关应用,并从钢铁生产流程的设计与优化、问题分析与优化两个方面详细介绍了钢铁生产流程物质流仿真的研究思路。最后对物流仿真技术在钢铁生产流程研究中的应用提出了展望,指出了进一步研究要提高仿真模型的通用性、制定并完善钢铁生产流程的物质流仿真的相关评价指标、以及深入挖掘并推广钢铁生产流程的物质流仿真研究。     

Framework for Building Intelligent Simulation Models of Construction Operations

Modeling and analyzing construction operations using simulation techniques allows researchers to capture the uncertainty and randomness usually associated with these operations and can thus be an effective tool for analysis and improvement. However, the effort and knowledge required to build simulation models and experiment with them tend to limit the use of simulation in construction. A common recommendation for removing this obstacle found in the literature leans towards developing simulation tools that reduce model development and experimentation time on the construction engineer’s side by packaging most of the knowledge required into the tool itself. Such “intelligent” simulation modeling tools may significantly impact the way construction engineers use simulation techniques in day-to-day decision?making. This paper presents a framework that extends and formalizes this recommendation by providing the foundation for building intelligence into simulation objects. The proposed framework provides the structure necessary for building intelligence and autonomy into simulation objects and permits a further reduction in the knowledge required to experiment with simulation models. This approach also automates model modification, not only through changes in numeric parameters, but through topological model changes as well, which may assist the model user in making many decisions throughout the different phases of simulation experimentation.     

Microcomputer-based cardiac field simulation model

Cardiac field simulation is one of the frontier subjects in electrocardiogram theory study. The paper describes a complete cardiac simulation model implemented on an IBM-PC/AT microcomputer. This model uses a new algorithm for excitation propagation simulation. In comparison with the previous rule-based algorithms, the new algorithm shows better in simulation speed and simulation accuracy.     

炼钢电弧炉工艺过程的仿真,预测,诊断与优化

介绍了以计算机为工具，对炼钢电弧炉工艺过程进行仿真与优化的一些应用，包括：炼钢电弧炉工艺指标预测，诊断和优化，竖式电弧炉废钢预热过程仿真，钢液中磷，硫浓度的预测，直流电弧炉电磁偏弧和控制弧仿真以及电弧炉操作监控仿真等。     

One Modified FE‐model to Simulate the Process Chain of Forming and Welding

This paper presents a possibility of creating a virtual process chain consisting of forming and welding. Independent of any manufacturing process, a variable Finite Element model is introduced. This model can be an input for more than one simulation by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The process chain forming and welding is chosen to demonstrate the need and the importance to simulate a process chain in comparison to a single process simulation. Each simulation has its own specifications and intentions. Therefore, an FE‐model for a forming simulation is different from a model for a welding simulation. In this paper a way is shown how to keep the model and the results of a forming simulation for the succeeding simulation of welding. The results of the forming simulation remain as an initial state in the welding simulation. Thereby, a spring‐back behaviour can be modelled. A few adjustments have to be done to satisfy the specifications of the welding simulation. The used material for the integrated simulation is a DC 04 steel. Therefore, metallurgical phases must be considered to achieve sufficient results. For reasons of further industrial applications commercial FE‐solvers are used for calculations. The method of integration is applied to different examples. The verified results are presented and discussed. The simulated transient distortional behaviour of a formed and welded part is presented and compared to a mere welding simulation. A significant improvement of the distortion as a result of the welding simulation is reached by consideration of a previous forming simulation.     

变形金属再结晶过程计算机模拟

通过有限元方法和计算机模拟技术可有效模拟金属热加工和变形金属退火时的再结晶过程，计算金属组织演化和预报材料性能。介绍了目前再结晶计算机模拟的方法和模型-Monte Carlo(MC)法，Cellular Automation(CA)法，纯几何模型模拟，分组模型模拟和杂化模型模拟，重点分析了MC模拟法在均质和非均质形核，二相粒子对再结晶的影响，动态再结晶等方面的研究进展。指出用MC法模拟存在的问题，应用有限元法计算基本变形储存能和织构；建立含速率的再结晶形核和生长模型及耦合温度场模型的研究途径。     

减压炉模拟计算中需要考虑的因素

火焰加热炉模拟软件FRNC5的计算功能强大,提供了不同输入参数的设置,不同的输入会得到不同的模拟结果。本文通过了解减压炉工艺条件中不同参数的实际意义,确定了减压炉模拟计算中需要考虑的因素。模拟过程中考虑减压炉出口温度、压力,输入转油线、注入蒸汽,使输入尽可能地接近实际生产运行状况,从而使模拟结果更准确、更接近实际运行情况。