不同柱截面尺寸全再生钢管混凝土框架抗震性能试验及抗侧刚度计算

为探究不同抗侧刚度全再生钢管混凝土框架抗震性能,进行了2榀不同柱截面尺寸全再生钢管混凝土框架的低周反复加载试验,观察了试件的破坏过程及形态,并获取其抗震性能指标。结果表明:全再生钢管混凝土框架滞回曲线饱满,当达峰值及破坏点时,其等效黏滞阻尼系数h_e明显大于钢筋混凝土及钢筋再生混凝土框架,表现出良好的弹塑性耗能性能;随着柱截面尺寸增加,试件承载能力、耗能性能及抗侧刚度均呈现出上升变化走势;随着加载位移增加,试件损伤程度逐渐增大,并且正向损伤程度要大于负向;正向加载时,试件损伤指标d随着柱截面尺寸增大而增大,而负向加载时,试件d随着柱截面尺寸增大而减小;最后,基于D值法计算模型及不同规程,对试件抗侧刚度的计算与试验值进行了比较。对全再生钢管混凝土框架,其在开裂荷载时的抗侧刚度可基于D值法计算模型,并按规程CECS的规定来进行计算。     

结构尺寸对方钢管混凝土短柱抗震性能影响的试验研究

为了研究在低周往复荷载作用下结构尺寸对方钢管混凝土短柱抗震性能的影响,对6根方钢管混凝土短柱开展了水平往复加载试验,分析了截面尺寸对柱破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线以及不同抗震性能指标(如刚度退化、耗能能力、延性等)的影响,阐明了不同截面尺寸对柱名义抗剪强度的影响规律和机制,研究结果表明：不同截面尺寸的试件破坏形态基本相同,表现为柱底部钢管鼓曲、核心混凝土被压碎的破坏形态;当截面尺寸由200 mm增至600 mm时,在不同加载方向上,方钢管混凝土短柱名义抗剪强度分别下降了63.1%(59.8%),表现出显著的尺寸效应;随着截面尺寸增大,相对名义刚度与平均耗能系数呈降低趋势;JIN等提出的考虑尺寸效应的抗剪强度公式计算值与试验值吻合良好,说明考虑尺寸效应的方钢管混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算公式能够较为准确的预测其抗剪承载力。     

型钢再生混凝土柱正截面承载力试验及数值模拟

为研究型钢再生混凝土柱的正截面承载力,对7个试件进行低周反复加载试验,观察了试件的受力过程和破坏形态,获得了试件的承载力和弯矩-转角滞回曲线,分析了再生粗骨料取代率、轴压比和体积配箍率对试件正截面承载力的影响。在试验研究的基础上,利用数值积分法编写型钢再生混凝土柱的正截面承载力分析程序,得到构件的N-M相关曲线及正截面极限承载力,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。利用数值模拟程序对构件的N-M相关曲线进行参数分析,获得了混凝土强度等级、型钢强度、配钢率和加载角度的影响规律。     

SHPB试验岩石试件应力平衡时间预估分析

运用一维应力波理论,对分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)试验中弹性应力波的传播过程进行了分析,得到了试件应力分布相关计算公式,讨论了试件应力平衡时间的影响因素和变化规律。以变截面杆SHPB试验装置对煤矿岩石试件加载为例,计算分析了3种岩石试件在光滑的试验入射波和与其升时相同的理论梯形入射波加载情况下试件应力均匀性和应力平衡时间。发现采用变截面入射杆进行加载,能够实现岩石试件在应力峰值之前达到应力平衡,满足应力均匀性假定要求的有效条件。结果表明,采用理论梯形入射波可以近似代替与其升时相同的试验入射波,预估岩石试件应力均匀性和应力平衡时间,对类似脆性材料的SHPB试验设计具有一定的参考价值。     

PEC柱-异形钢梁框架中节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究PEC柱（partially encased concrete composite column）-型钢梁框架中节点破坏特征及抗震性能,完成了3个PEC柱-型钢梁中节点及1个钢框架梁柱中节点对比试件的低周往复加载试验。分析了试件中节点的破坏形态、滞回耗能、承载能力、延性性能、强度退化、刚度退化、节点域力学机理,研究了轴压比及梁截面变化对该类中节点抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:PEC柱-型钢梁中节点滞回曲线呈纺锤形,具有钢框架节点的力学特性;型钢柱内部填充混凝土后试件初始刚度、承载力分别提升约40%、31.1%,且试件仍具有较好的延性性能及耗能能力;当轴压比试验值为0.25~0.35时,随着轴压比增加,试件承载力显著增加,延性性能有所下降,耗能能力则有所提升;试件均为梁弯曲破坏,损伤程度无明显变化。改变柱一侧梁的截面尺寸后,试件的承载能力、延性性能有一定提升,耗能能力、强度及刚度退化规律无明显影响,但PEC柱-变截面型钢梁中节点发生节点核心区剪切破坏,主要原因为改变柱一侧梁截面高度后,造成节点域输入剪力增大所致。按常规节点设计的变截面梁中节点不能满足"强节点弱构件"的抗震设计要求,在进行工程设计时应予以重视。     

强约束大尺寸钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究箍筋强约束钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能,完成了6个配箍特征值0.34~0.44、截面尺寸450mm#x000d7;450mm的大尺寸钢筋混凝土柱试件的拟静力试验研究。结果表明,试件的破坏形态为压弯破坏,纵筋压曲甚至断裂,部分试件箍筋拉断,底部1倍柱截面高度范围内混凝土保护层剥落,箍筋约束核心区混凝土局部压碎。试件水平力-位移滞回曲线饱满,极限位移角达到1/39~1/33,延性系数均大于3.0。对于箍筋强约束柱,改变箍筋形式或改变箍筋肢距,对其正截面承载力及极限变形能力影响不大;相同位移往复加载由3次增加至5次,对其正截面承载力及峰值位移影响不大,但变形能力降低约15%。     

实腹式型钢混凝土T形柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究实腹式型钢混凝土T形柱的抗震性能,进行了10个试件的水平加载试验,考虑了加载制度、轴压比和配钢率的影响,观察了试件的受力过程和破坏形态,分析了荷载-位移曲线、侧移角、延性、强度、刚度及耗能等力学性能。结果表明,试件均发生弯曲破坏,但不同加载制度下试件的破坏形态不同;试件的滞回曲线饱满,极限侧移角介于1/36~1/9,位移延性系数介于3.97~12.11,破坏时等效粘滞阻尼系数介于0.319~0.374,体现出良好的变形和耗能能力;随着加载循环次数的增多和轴压比的增大,试件的延性降低,强度衰减和刚度退化加快;随着配钢率的增大,试件的延性提高,强度衰减和刚度退化变缓。     

传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁节点受力性能试验研究与承载力计算

为研究传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁节点受力性能,对传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁中节点和边节点进行低周反复加载试验,分析了双梁-柱节点的破坏特征及影响因素。研究结果表明:传统风格建筑圆钢管柱-箱形截面双梁节点的破坏模式主要是下梁与大柱形成的核心区（3区）发生剪切屈服,上梁、下梁与大柱所形成的区域（2区）发生压弯破坏,部分焊缝及其热影响区的母材开裂;轴压比为0.3试件的极限承载力均高于轴压比为0.6的节点试件;相同轴压比下中节点试件的承载力高于边节点试件。给出了节点核心区2区压弯承载力验算公式并推导了节点核心区3区抗剪承载力计算公式,经与试验结果相比较,吻合较好。     

锈蚀钢框架柱抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析

为深入研究锈蚀钢框架柱的抗震性能,通过改变加载制度和轴压比,对6榀相同锈蚀程度的钢框架柱进行了低周往复加载试验,观察其受力过程和破坏形态,分析了不同加载制度和轴压比对锈蚀钢框架柱的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、强度和刚度退化、耗能能力等抗震性能的影响。并采用通用软件ABAQUS对试验框架柱进行了非线性有限元分析。结果表明:有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,试件均发生延性较好的破坏,其滞回曲线也较为饱满,表现出良好的耗能能力和延性;加载路径对试件的塑性发展与耗能能力有较大影响;随着轴压比的增大,试件极限承载力和耗能能力降低,强度和刚度退化加快。     

轴压加载下高强钢筋混凝土柱尺寸效应试验研究

钢筋混凝土构件的尺寸效应主要是:1）混凝土材料本身的非均质性和力学非线性;2）钢筋/混凝土相互作用的高度复杂性共同导致的。随着建筑结构尺寸不断变大,高强混凝土的应用越来越广泛,其高脆性使得其尺寸效应行为更加明显。此外,钢筋混凝土构件大多处于复杂加载条件下,进而使得其尺寸效应问题变得尤为复杂。该文设计了最大截面尺寸为800 mm×800 mm的16组几何相似高强钢筋混凝土柱,对其在轴向受压单调加载及循环重复加载下的力学行为进行了试验研究,并对其名义轴压强度的尺寸效应进行了分析。结果表明:1）高强钢筋混凝土柱的破坏模式受到加载模式的显著影响;2）随试件尺寸变大,高强钢筋混凝土柱耗能能力减弱;3）较单调加载情况,轴向受压循环重复加载下高强钢筋混凝土柱的破坏表现出更强的脆性,且名义轴压强度减小,尺寸效应更显著;4）Ba?ant提出的“尺寸效应律”能够较好地描述大尺寸高强钢筋混凝土柱名义轴压强度的尺寸效应规律。     

Young Arctic frazil sea ice: Field and laboratory strength tests

Methods of conducting and analysing uniaxial compressive strength and deformation measurements in the field and in the laboratory by means of conventional and closed-loop controlled test machines, respectively, are described, plus procedures for sampling, shipping, storing specimens and microstructural studies. Reliable measurements of the rate sensitivity of strength and deformation modulus of young congealed frazil sea ice can be obtained irrespective of location. Observations of Poisson's ratio, its variation during the tests, and its dependence on rate of loading are discussed.     

非均布载荷下瓦楞纸箱的承载性能

目的研究非均布载荷下瓦楞纸箱变形与抗压强度的变化规律。方法对2种不同类型的纸箱进行局部抗压试验。首先对纸箱的不同箱面位置进行局部抗压试验,然后对纸箱的同一箱面位置进行变加载面积的抗压试验,最后分析试验数据。结果在确定加载面积的情况下,纸箱中心位置抗压强度最差,周边位置抗压强度最高;对于长方形纸箱面,其短边位置的抗压强度大于长边位置的抗压强度。在确定纸箱加载位置的情况下,加载面积越大,纸箱抗压强度越大;随着加载面积的增大,纸箱的抗压强度呈指数型增加。结论非均布载荷对纸箱抗压强度影响较大。当纸箱箱面中部承受非均布载荷时,纸箱垂直方向上会产生较大的变形,因此在瓦楞纸箱的转运过程中应尽量避免承受因局部或交错堆码产生的非均布载荷。     

Experimental study on dynamic damage evolution of concrete under multi-axial stresses

The effect of stress state on the dynamic compressive strength and the dynamic damage evolution process of concretes are investigated by use of a Spilt Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) and the ultrasonic technique. The columned concrete specimen is encircled by a steel sleeve. The multi-axial loading includes the axial and the radial loadings. The axial loading is supplied by the incidence bar, and the radial ones are produced by the steel sleeve. Analysis of the dynamic damage evolution of the samples is based on the measurement of the changes of ultrasonic wave velocities before and after the impact tests. The waveforms in the test bars, the stress strain curves, the confining pressure of the specimen, the dynamic compressive strength and other information about the samples are obtained during the SHPB experiments. The results of the tests show that the loading rate and stress states of the specimen apparently influence the damage evolution process in concretes. The dynamic damage evolutions are accelerated with the increase of the strain rate and are delayed significantly under the confined pressure.     

Size effect of concrete members applied with flexural compressive stresses

In this study, two types of special experiments are carried out to understand flexural compressive strength size effect of concrete members. The first type is an ordinary cylindrical specimen (CS) with a fully penetrated and vertically standing plate type notch at the mid-height of the specimen, which is loaded in compression at the top surface (e.g., in the parallel direction to the notch length). The second type is a general double cantilever beam (DCB), which is compression loaded in axial direction (e.g., in the parallel direction of the notch). For CS, an adequate notch length is taken from the experimental results obtained from the compressive strength experiment of various initial notch lengths. The trial tests to select the effective initial notch length show that CS with an initial notch length approximately greater than four times the maximum aggregate size fails without an additional increased load and in stable manner under Mode I failure mechanism. Therefore, the initial notch length to the maximum aggregate size ratio of 4.0 is used for all size specimens. For DCB, the eccentricity of loading points with respect to the axial axis of each cantilever and the initial notch length are varied. In both specimens, the compressive loads apply flexural compressive stresses on the crack tip region of the specimens. These two types of specimens fail by Mode I crack opening mechanism. By testing 3 geometrically proportional size specimens for CS and DCB, the experimental datum for flexural compression size effect of concrete are obtained. Using the obtained flexural compressive strength size effect datum, regression analyses are performed using Levenberg-Marquardt's least square method (LSM) to suggest new parameters for the modified size effect law (MSEL). The analysis results show that size effect is apparent for flexural compressive strength of specimens with an initial notch. For CS, the effect of initial notch length on flexural compressive strength size effect is apparent. For DCB, flexural compressive size effect is dependent on the eccentricity of loading points with respect to the axial axis of the cantilever beam. In other words, if DCB specimen is applied with greater tensile stress at the crack tip, the size effect of concrete becomes more distinct. The results show that the flexural compressive strength size effect of initial notch length variation of DCB exists but directly dependent on the loading location. This is due to the fact that the sizes of fracture process zone (FPZ) of all DCB specimens are similar regardless of the differences in the specimen slenderness ratio, but the flexural compressive and tensile stress combinations resulting in stress concentration at the crack tip region has direct effect on size effect of concrete members.     

Validation of microparameters in discrete element modeling of sea ice failure process

A GPU-based discrete element method (DEM) with bonded particles is investigated to simulate the mechanical properties of sea ice in uniaxial compressive and three-point bending tests. Both the uniaxial compressive strength and flexural strength of sea ice are related to the microparameters in DEM simulation including particle size, sample size, bonding strength, and interparticle friction coefficient. These parameters are analyzed to build the relationship between the material macrostrengths of sea ice and the microparameters of the numerical model in DEM simulations. Based on this relationship, the reasonable microparameters can be calculated by given macrostrengths in the applications of simulating the failure processes of sea ice. In this simulation, both uniaxial compressive strength and flexural strength of ice increase with the increasing ratio of sample size and particle size. The interparticle friction coefficient is directly related to the compressive strength but has little effect on the flexural strength. In addition, numerical simulations are compared with experimental data to show the performance of the proposed model, and a satisfactory agreement is achieved. Therefore, this microparameter validation approach based on macrostrengths can be applied to simulate the complicated failure process of sea ice interacting with offshore platform structures.     

Compressive strength of ice at impact strain rates

The compressive strength of ice was measured at high strain rates of 10³ s⁻¹ order of magnitude. Since ice compressive strength is known to be strongly dependent on strain rate, properties corresponding to high strain rates are needed for engineering predictions of the behavior of ice under dynamic crushing scenarios. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was used to successfully measure compressive strength over a strain rate range of 400–2,600 s⁻¹. Strain rate variation was achieved by adjusting the specimen length and the velocity of the SHPB striker bar; increased velocity and reduced specimen length produced higher strain rates. Since the compressive strength was found to be nearly uniform over the measured strain rate range, an average value of 19.7 MPa is reported. However, when comparing the present results with data in the existing literature spanning several orders of magnitude in strain rate, a trend of continuously increasing strength for strain rates beyond 10¹ s⁻¹ can be observed.     

5A03铝合金管轴向压缩失稳形式及影响因素分析

目的研究管材在承受轴向压缩时的力学行为、失稳形式及其影响因素。方法在航空航天用5A03铝合金管准静态轴向拉伸和压缩实验的基础上,进行了管压缩过程的有限元分析。结果5A03圆管拉伸与压缩力学性能有较大差异,具有拉、压双模量倾向,拉伸屈服强度略低于压缩屈服强度,抗拉强度略低于抗压强度,且拉伸与压缩均呈现锯齿波屈服特性;高径比影响管压缩失稳形式,小于1时管试样形成单鼓,大于1时将出现双鼓,且鼓凸在管材端面摩擦较大一端优先出现。结论管材失稳鼓凸后表现为一种具有一定规律性的非轴对称屈曲压溃。     

不同循环上限荷载下泥质石英粉砂岩力学特性试验研究

通过开展循环加卸载转单调加载试验和疲劳破坏试验,揭示循环荷载下泥质石英粉砂岩的变形和力学响应特征。试验与研究结果表明,当循环上限荷载位于疲劳强度前后,试件的轴向和横向累计残余应变由单调递增凸曲线向凹曲线延伸,滞回环间距由“疏-密”向“疏-密-疏”发展,残余应变率和滞回环相对面积由L形向U形转化;弹性模量由初始快速上升、下降、缓慢稳定发展3个阶段向单调递减凹曲线转凸曲线衰减;而横向-轴向应变比则由单调递减凹曲线,转变为单调递增凸曲线,然后向凹曲线延伸;随上限荷载的增加,循环加卸载3000次后泥质石英粉砂岩抗压强度先增大后减小,最大增幅较单轴抗压强度高13.62%,而当上限荷载小于单轴压缩弹性上限时,循环荷载作用后的岩石抗压强度略小于单轴抗压强度;当试件发生疲劳破坏时,疲劳寿命与上限荷载呈幂函数分布,疲劳强度约为单轴抗压强度的80%~89%。试件弹性模量整体随着循环上限荷载先增大后减小,而横向-轴向应变比则随上限荷载的增加而增大;提出了循环荷载的“薄弱结构断裂效应”和“压密嵌固效应”,探讨了循环加卸载过程中多孔弱胶结岩石的强度变化特征和力学参数演化机制。     

Application of size effect to compressive strength of concrete members

It is important to consider the effect of size when estimating the ultimate strength of a concrete member under various loading conditions. Well known as the size effect, the strength of a member tends to decrease when its size increases. Therefore, in view of recent increased interest in the size effect of concrete this research focuses on the size effect of two main classes of compressive strength of concrete: pure axial compressive strength and flexural compressive strength. First, fracture mechanics type size effect on the compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens was studied, with the diameter, and the height/diameter ratio considered as the main parameters. Theoretical and statistical analyses were conducted, and a size effect equation was proposed to predict the compressive strength specimens. The proposed equation showed good agreement with the existing test results for concrete cylinders. Second, the size, length, and depth variations of a flexural compressive member have been studied experimentally. A series of C-shaped specimens subjected to axial compressive load and bending moment were tested. The shape of specimens and the test procedures used were similar to those by Hognestad and others. The test results are curve-fitted using Levenberg-Marquardt’s least squares method (LSM) to obtain parameters for the modified size effect law (MSEL) by Kim and co workers. The results of the analysis show that the effect of specimen size, length, and depth on ultimate strength is significant. Finally, more general parameters for MSEL are suggested.     

Composite-to-metal tubular lap joints: strength and fatigue resistance

The axial strength and fatigue resistance of thick-walled, adhesively bonded E-glass composite-to-aluminum tubular lap joints have been measured for tensile and compressive loadings. The joint specimen bonds a 63 mm OD aluminium tube within each end of a 300 mm long, 6 mm thick E-glass/epoxy tube. Untapered, 12.5 mm thick aluminium adherends were used in all but four of the joint specimens. The aluminum adherends in the remaining four specimens were tapered to a thickness of 1 mm at the inner bond end (the bond end where the aluminum adherend terminates). For all loadings, joint failure initiates at the inner bond end as a crack grows in the adhesive adjacent to the interface. Test results for a tension-tension fatigue loading indicate that fatigue can severely degrade joint performance. Interestingly, measured tensile strength and fatigue resistance for joints with untapered adherends is substantially greater than compressive strength and fatigue resistance.The joint specimen has been analyzed in two different ways: one approach models the adhesive as an uncracked, elastic-perfectly plastic material, while the other approach uses a linear elastic fracture mechanics methodology. Results for the uncracked, elastic-plastic adhesive model indicate that observed bond failure occurs in the region of highest calculated stresses, extensive bond yielding occurs at load levels well below that required to fail the joint, and a tensile peel stress is generated by a compressive joint loading when the aluminum adherends are untapered. This latter result is consistent with the observed joint tensile-compressive strength differential. Results of the linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis of a joint with untapered aluminum adherends are also consistent with the observed differential strength effect since a mode I crack loading is predicted for a compressive joint loading. Calculations and a limited number of tests suggest that it may be possible to selectively control the differential strength effect by tapering the aluminum adherends. The effect of adherend material and thickness on fracture mechanics parameters is also investigated. The paper concludes by examining the applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics to the joints tested.