Al-20% Sn-4.5% Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结中的组织

利用机械合金化方法制备Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金粉末,将之压制成型后进行烧结.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结过程中的组织变化.结果表明,该合金粉末经40 h球磨后,可以获得纳米级Sn颗粒均匀弥散分布在Al基体上的组织,并且形成了Al(Cu)过饱和固溶体;在随后的烧结过程中,Sn相尺寸仍保持在200 mm左右,Al(Cu)过饱和固溶体则以CuAl2相的形式脱溶析出.     

退火处理提高气雾化过共晶Al-Si合金粉末的变形能力（英文）

气雾化纯金属或合金粉末是粉末冶金方法(压制和烧结)制备高性能材料的常用原料。然而,由于细小的Si相和过饱和基体导致强度较高,气雾化Al-Si合金粉末的压制性能受到很大限制。研究退火处理对提高Al-Si合金粉末压制性能的作用。采用Heckel压制方程研究退火粉末的致密化行为并分析其变形能力。通过分析压坯的显微组织和抗弯断口,研究压制过程中粉末颗粒的变形行为。结果表明,粉末经过400°C退火获得96.1%的最高相对密度。由于Al基体软化、过饱和Si相析出、针状共晶相溶解以及Si相球化,退火处理可以明显提高Al-Si粉末的变形能力。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化制备的非互溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末的凝固特征

采用超音速电弧喷射气雾化制粉设备制备了难固溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末。研究了粉末粒度分布、形貌及凝固组特征，并对雾化熔滴的冷却速率及过冷度、凝固组织的凝固次序、形成机制进行了分析。结果表明：粉末分散性好、粒度主要集中在20pm～45μm、平均粒度32μm、形貌主要为球形和近球形；粉末颗粒凝固组织为富Ag基体＋弥散分布于基体中的细Ni相＋位于芯部的大直径初晶富Ni相，在大直径初晶富Ni相中弥散分布析出Ag相；富Ag基体的凝固组织为树枝晶组织，小颗粒粉末（〈20μm）枝晶间距小于0．2μm。     

机械合金化方法制备银镍触头合金的研究

采用机械合金化和热压方法制备Ag90Ni10及Ag70Ni30触头合金。机械合金化过程中形成Ni固溶于Ag基体的过饱和固溶体，热压时从银固溶体基体上析出弥散细小的镍强化相。与传统粉末冶金相比，组织更为弥散、细小、均匀。     

气相沉积制备Ni-Al合金纳米粉末的相生成规律

以直流电弧作为加热源,在高纯氩气氛下蒸发了Ni-Al母合金,制备出粒度小于60 nm的合金纳米粉末,并研究了纳米粉末中的相生成规律。结果表明:纳米粉末中合金相的形成规律与Ni-Al相图一致;蒸发高Ni含量的母合金容易得到以金属间化合物相-εAlNi3和-δAlNi为主的纳米粉末;而蒸发Al含量较高的母合金时,容易得到-γAl3Ni2相,且粉末中化合物相的相对含量显著减少;改变放电电流的大小可以改变粉末中析出相的种类和相对含量;而只改变惰性气体的压力时,粉末中的析出相种类不变,只是相对含量改变。实验发现所制备的纳米粉末中未出现-βAl3Ni5和Al3Ni低温相。     

结晶过程中合金粉末的加入对Al-Cu合金凝固组织的影响

在固液混合铸造工艺中,将Al-20Cu合金粉末分别加入到Al-20Cu和Al-40Cu合金熔体中制备了合金坯料。采用JSM-6700F扫描电子显微镜对合金坯料的显微组织进行观测。研究结果表明:Al-20Cu粉末加入对粉末周围的Al-20Cu合金基体初生相、共晶组织和二次析出相有明显的细化作用,越靠近未熔粉末,基体中的初生相越细小,共晶组织的片间距越小。固液混合铸造Al-40Cu合金坯料中未熔Al-20Cu合金粉末与基体界面结合良好,表明固液混合铸造工艺中加入的金属粉末的成分范围可以进行扩展。     

快速凝固法制备的铍青铜微观形貌研究

利用单辊急冷法制备了铍青铜QBe2.0合金带材,X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)及场发射环境扫描电镜(ESEM)观察分析表明,合金相组成主要为过饱和相α及高温β相,其中β相为细小岛状结构,分布均匀.透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究发现,快速凝固所得合金内部微观结构均匀,晶粒为等轴晶,大小为1～2μm.α基体内部有大量的纳米级的γ过渡相颗粒析出.     

镍基高温合金Al-Cr涂层的恒温氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀沉积Cr和粉末包埋法渗Al的联合工艺制备了Al-Cr涂层,并利用粉末包埋法制备了渗Al涂层,分析了2种涂层的组织结构和成分,研究了镍基高温合金DSM11基体、渗Al涂层和Al-Cr涂层在1000和1100℃下的恒温氧化行为.结果表明:渗Al涂层和Al-Cr涂层组织致密,与基体结合良好且成分分布均匀.2种涂层都明显分为2个区域:外层和互扩散区.渗Al涂层外层由b-NiAl相和Ni2Al3相组成,Al-Cr涂层外层由b-NiAl相、Ni2Al3相、a-Cr相和AlCr2相组成.AlCr涂层可以显著改善基体合金的抗氧化性能,且明显优于渗Al涂层.Al-Cr涂层优良的抗氧化性能源于在氧化过程中出现了Cr(W)析出带,能够一定程度阻碍涂层中的Al元素向基体扩散,降低了涂层退化速度,而Cr的存在可以促进Al的选择性氧化,提高涂层的自修复能力.     

快速凝固法制备的铍青铜微观形貌研究

利用单辊急冷法制备了铍青铜QBe2．0合金带材，X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）及场发射环境扫描电镜（ES-EM）观察分析表明，合金相组成主要为过饱和相α及高温β相，其中β相为细小岛状结构，分布均匀。透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究发现，快速凝固所得合金内部微观结构均匀，晶粒为等轴晶，大小为1～2μm。α基体内部有大量的纳米级的γ过渡相颗粒析出。     

氧含量及过热度对铸态Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5大体积玻璃合金微观组织结构及力学性能的影响

利用射流成型法制备了厚度为2mm的Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5金属玻璃薄板,通过控制氧含量和过热度来改变玻璃薄板中淬态结晶相的体积分数。研究表明：低的氧含量水平和高的过热度有利于提高该合金的 玻璃形成能力,形成完全非晶的合金;完全非晶的2mmZr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5大体积金属玻璃薄板其断裂应力为1710MPa,弹性模量为80GPa,弹塑性为2.2%,提高合金中的氧含量水平或者降低熔体过热度都有利于结晶相析出,基体中出现2%和6%的结晶相时,断裂应力分别降为1580MPa和1220MPa。淬态结晶相的析出改变了Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5大体积金属玻璃剪切流变的变形方式,使材料脆断。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.