玻纤增强ABS复合材料的制备及性能研究

本文主要以玻璃纤维为改性填料,对通用ABS进行共混改性。实验从配方研究入手,着重探讨了玻璃纤维含量对玻纤/ABS复合材料的力学性能、流动性能以及耐热性的影响。结果表明:玻纤/ABS复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、硬度以及热变形温度都随共混体系中玻纤含量的增加而显著提高,而材料的冲击强度、熔体流动速率、断裂伸长率却随之下降。此外,还研究了共混挤出温度对材料的各项性能的影响。     

ABS/HIPS共混材料的改性研究

研究了(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)与高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)质量比对ABS/HIPS共混材料力学性能和加工流动性的影响,并着重对质量比分别为80/20和70/30的两种ABS/HIPS共混材料进行了改性研究。结果表明,氯化聚乙烯(PE-C)、(苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物(SBS)和K树脂对ABS/HIPS共混材料有不同程度的增容增韧改性作用。如采用9份PE-C与3份SBS并用改性的ABS/HIPS(70/30)共混材料的拉伸强度为27.04MPa,冲击强度为32.60kJ/m2,比改性前约提高2.7倍。转矩流变仪分析表明,PE-C、SBS和K树脂改性的ABS/HIPS共混材料加工流动性和稳定性良好。维卡软化温度测试表明,改性后ABS/HIPS共混材料的耐热性能略有降低,但影响不大。扫描电子显微镜照片清晰反映出改性后ABS与HIPS两相的相容性得到了改善。     

ABS增韧PLA生物降解材料的制备与性能研究

采用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)弹性体对聚乳酸(PLA)进行熔融共混改性,制备出具有一定韧性的PLA/ABS生物降解材料,并研究了该共混体系的热性能、力学性能和生物降解性能。结果表明:ABS弹性体的加入降低了PLA/ABS共混材料的玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔点,提高了共混材料的高温分解温度和断裂伸长率,改善了PLA的热稳定性和韧性。土壤掩埋实验表明,纯PLA和ABS含量为10%的PLA/ABS共混薄片具有良好的生物降解性能。     

空心微珠在玻纤改性尼龙(PA6)中的应用研究

通过共混改性的方法，利用空心微珠球型的特性，将其填充于玻纤改性的尼龙树脂中；研究了空心微珠对玻纤改性尼龙力学性能的影响。结果表明，在玻纤改性尼龙中加入空心微珠，材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、硬度及耐热性能都得到提高；当微珠质量分数达到18％时，材料冲击强度达最大值。     

玻纤增强本体法ABS、乳液法ABS复合材料的制备及其性能

利用双螺杆挤出机共混挤出法分别制备了两种玻纤增强本体法(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)复合材料和两种玻纤增强乳液法ABS复合材料,从熔体流动速率、力学性能、耐热性能等方面比较了它们的差别,并研究了(苯乙烯/马来酸酐)共聚物(SMAH)对玻纤增强ABS复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,少量的SMAH可明显提高玻纤增强ABS复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度,玻纤增强本体法ABS复合材料有更好的力学性能.     

六方氮化硼改性ABS材料的制备及性能研究

本文采用微米级六方氮化硼(h-BN)对ABS树脂进行共混改性。通过FT-IR和SEM测试表征h-BN改性ABS材料物性及微观结构,并考察了h-BN对ABS树脂力学、导热和表面摩擦性能的影响。研究发现,随着h-BN增加,改性ABS材料韧性下降,而材料刚性提升。添加4wt%h-BN改性ABS悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为12.2 k J/m2,弯曲模量高达2800 MPa,导热系数为0.312 W/m K,静摩擦系数为0.30,滑动摩擦系数为0.25。因此,h-BN改性ABS材料具有较强的力学强度、亮白的外观、良好的导热和较低的摩擦系数等性能,更适合用于制作家电和电子电器等消费品的外观制件。     

氧化镧和短玻纤填充对ABS热性能与机械性能的影响

研究通过开炼机辊压加工的方法将短玻纤(Glass-Fiber,GF)和氧化镧(La2O3)与原料ABS树脂共混,通过热性能和物理机械性能的测试表征研究了短玻纤所形成的搭接结构对ABS树脂性能的影响。测试结果表明:GF添加量升高,其50%热失重温度(T50%)较纯ABS最大会有8℃的提高,拉伸强度和冲击强度均呈逐步下降的趋势。在ABS/GF共混物中加入La2O3后其热性能和物理性能均有所下降。采用扫描电镜分析了GF在ABS中的分散情况,证明了GF的搭接方式和相容性对力学性能影响较大。     

ABS动态接枝提高玻纤增强性能的研究

用反应加工的方法可在ABS分子链上接枝酸酐基团。断面微观形态的观察和分析表明：接枝改性提高了ABS基体与经硅烷偶联剂表面处理的玻璃纤维的界面粘结强度,可较好地发挥玻纤增强效果,使力学性能得到显著改善。MAH、DCP最佳加入量依赖于具体共混工艺条件。     

PC/改性ABS复合材料的制备与性能

在传统的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)乳液接枝聚合中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),制得了改性ABS,然后与聚碳酸酯(PC)共混挤出，制得了PC/改性ABS复合材料。研究了MMA用量对PC/改性ABS复合材料的熔体流动速率(MFR)、维卡软化温度、力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着MMA用量的增加，PC/改性ABS复合材料的MFR、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度均先升高后降低。当MMA质量分数为20%时，PC/改性ABS复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达到最大，分别为48.9 MPa和63.2 MPa;当MMA质量分数为30%时，PC/改性ABS复合材料的缺口冲击强度为41.0 kJ/m²;当MMA质量分数不高于30%时，与PC/ABS复合材料相比，PC/改性ABS复合材料的维卡软化温度更高。     

池窑法玻璃纤维增强PA66性能研究

以池窑法生产的高强玻璃纤维(短切处理过)为改性填料,对尼龙66进行共混改性。结果表明:尼龙66/玻纤复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、硬度、冲击强度等性能都有了显著提高,其中拉伸强度提高了69%、弯曲强度提高了112%、硬度提高了14%、冲击强度提高了11%,但是材料的断裂伸长率却随玻纤含量的增加而降低。通过分析得出玻纤的最佳含量为30%左右。简要介绍了池窑法生产的玻璃纤维的特点。     

玻璃纤维布/苎麻纤维布混杂增强不饱和聚酯树脂的研究

采用玻璃纤维布与苎麻纤维布混杂增强不饱和聚酯(UP)树脂制备复合材料,研究玻纤布与苎麻布的相对比例及偶联剂处理对复合材料力学性能的影响,研究了不同复合材料的吸水性并与玻璃纤维复合材料和苎麻纤维复合材料二者进行了比较。结果表明,混杂纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量随混杂纤维中苎麻布含量的增加而下降,弯曲强度及弯曲模量在混杂纤维中苎麻布与玻纤布的比例为10∶20和15∶15时分别达到最大值188.09 MPa和1.56 GPa;所有偶联剂处理均可明显改善复合材料的拉伸模量及弯曲模量,硅烷类偶联剂的效果更佳,NDZ401可使复合材料的拉伸强度得到最大幅度(37.66%)的提高,而KH570及NDZ401对改善弯曲强度效果最佳;复合材料吸水后,厚度变化率大于宽度变化率,温度升高,复合材料吸水后尺寸变化率及吸水率均增大,混杂纤维复合材料的吸水率与玻纤布复合材料的吸水率相近,远低于苎麻布复合材料的吸水率。     

Fire reactions of ceramic and polymer moulding composites

Abstract

Abstract

Low cost ceramic dough moulding compounds/composites (CDMC) are composed of inorganic metal silicates and chopped fibre reinforcements. This paper investigates the fire reactions of these materials under severe thermal and heat conditions. This research is targeted to potential applications in the replacement of glass fibre reinforced polymeric insulation materials such as phenolic composites as engine heat shields which experience high temperature and heat transmission. The materials developed can provide good properties, including heat insulation with high thermal stability for engine drafts, where traditional glass/phenolic composites were used and gave a very short life cycle. This work compares the thermal properties of the glass fibre reinforced phenolic composites and metal silicate composites produced under the same processing conditions. The results show that CDMC possesses significantly better thermal stability and heat resistance in comparison with phenolic moulding composite (phenolic dough moulding composites). The indication was that under the testing condition of heat flux of 75?kW?m^?2 intended for materials used for applications in marine, transport and possibly nuclear waste immobilisation, the integration of the CDMC was kept intact and survived as a high temperature insulation material.     

玻纤增强ABS复合材料的制备及性能

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)及玻璃纤维(GF)为原料,以环氧树脂作为界面相容剂,研究了界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强ABS复合材料力学性能及界面粘接的影响.结果表明:加入环氧树脂,玻纤增强ABS复合材料的力学性能明显提高;随着玻纤质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度均逐渐增加;玻纤质量分数为30%时,GF/ABS/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度比未改性的复合材料的拉伸强度提高了30%,弯曲强度提高了25%,冲击强度也提高了50%.     

Synergistic effect of glass fibre and Al powder on the mechanical properties of glass-ceramics

To explore the synergistic effect of glass fibre and Al powder on the mechanical properties of glass-ceramics, blast furnace slag was chosen as the main material, and glass fibre and Al powder as reinforcement materials. The phase compositions, microstructures, compressive properties, and apparent density of the glass-ceramics with varying quantities of glass fibre and Al powder were investigated. The experimental results indicated that Al powder could exist as a simple substance in glass-ceramics and form a dense net coating on the surface of blast furnace slag to improve the plasticity of the glass-ceramic. The glass fibre had better reinforcement effect than Al powder because of its extremely high mechanical strength. The plasticity of glass-ceramics, however, severely decreased; the glass-ceramics exhibited brittle failure during compression. A slight increase in the content of CaSi₂ and SiO₂ in the glass-ceramics was closely related to the addition of glass fibre. Considering safety and economy, glass-ceramics with 6% Al and 14% glass fibre (S4) have the best mechanical properties. The compressive strength, strain at maximum force, and apparent density were 40?MPa, 19% and 1.974?g/cm³, respectively.     

Effects of polyamide 6 incorporation to the short glass fiber reinforced ABS composites: an interfacial approach

The properties of 30 wt% short glass fiber (SGF) reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer and polyamide 6 (PA6) blends prepared with extrusion were studied using the interfacial adhesion approach. Work of adhesion and interlaminar shear strength values were calculated respectively from experimentally determined interfacial tensions and short beam flexural tests. The adhesion capacities of glass fibers with different surface treatments of organosilanes were evaluated. Among the different silanes tested, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) was found to be the best coupling agent for the glass fibers, possibly, because of its chemical compatibility with PA6. Tensile test results indicated that increasing amount of PA6 in the polymer matrix improved the strength and stiffness of the composites due to a strong acid–base interaction at the interface. Incorporation of PA6 to the SGF reinforced ABS reduced the melt viscosity, broadened the fiber length distributions and increased the toughness of the composites. Fractographic analysis showed that the incorporation of PA6 enhanced the interactions between glass fibers and the polymeric matrix.     

玻璃纤维增强PVC/ABS合金材料性能的研究

研究不同玻璃纤维(GF)填充量和不同处理工艺对PVC/ABS合金力学性能以及维卡软化温度的影响.研究结果表明:随着玻璃纤维添加份数的增加,PVC/ABS合金的拉伸性能和维卡软化温度有不同程度的提高,缺口冲击强度有所下降.其中经硅烷偶联剂改性过的玻璃纤维力学性能和维卡软化温度都会好于未改性的玻璃纤维.     

异淀粉酶水解豌豆淀粉及其在玻纤浸润中的应用

该文研究了豌豆淀粉的异淀粉酶水解过程,并将其水解产物用作玻纤浸润剂。结果表明,异淀粉酶对豌豆淀粉的水解采用点蚀和劈裂两种方式进行。水解对淀粉颗粒聚集行为有影响,具体表现为粒度、X射线衍射强度和黏度的波动。当酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间30 h,所得酶解淀粉液表面张力可降至40 mN/m,与玻纤临界表面张力30 mN/m接近。同时,酶解破坏使更多的淀粉羟基被暴露出来,因此,水解产物可以在玻纤表面轻易铺展,并与玻纤表面牢固结合。直接以水解淀粉悬浊液为浸润剂,玻纤拉丝过程可顺利进行,且能在玻纤表面形成均匀的保护膜,所得68 tex玻纤断裂强力平均达到25.0 N。     

玻璃微珠对PVC/ABS合金材料性能的影响

研究了未经表面处理和用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理的玻璃微珠(GB)的填充量对PVC/ABS合金材料力学性能、热性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明:玻璃微珠的加入使PVC/ABS合金材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度大大降低,但是复合材料的加工性能和维卡软化温度得到改善。     

长玻纤增强PET复合材料的力学性能研究

采用自制的浸润装置，以PET浸渍长波纤，经切粒后得到长度为6mm的长纤维增强PET预浸料切片，经一定温度热处理，可得到长纤增强PET复合材料。研究了注塑样条中玻纤含量对其力学性能及玻纤长度分布的影响，并采用SEM观察了长玻纤增强PET注塑样条的断面形貌。结果表明，复合材料力学性能随玻璃纤维含量的提高均有不同程度的提高，当玻纤的质量分数在40％～50％时，力学性能基本达到最佳，且由本方法制备的长玻纤增强PET复合材料的力学性能已达到并超过了国外同类产品的水平。     

Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and characterization

In this study acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS)‐treated short glass fibers (SGFs). The effects of SGF concentration and extrusion process conditions, such as the screw speed and barrel temperature profile, on the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the SGF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 wt% to 30 wt% resulted in improved tensile strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus, but drastically lowered the strain‐at‐break and the impact strength. The average fiber length decreased when the concentration of glass fibers increased. The increase in screw speed decreased the average fiber length, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength were affected negatively and the strain‐at‐break was affected positively. The increase in extrusion temperature decreased the fiber length degradation, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased. At higher temperatures the ABS matrix degraded and the mechanical strength of the composites decreased. To obtain a strong interaction at the interface, polyamide‐6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/30 wt% SGF composite. The incorporation and increasing amount of PA6 in the composites broadened the fiber length distribution (FLD) owing to the low melt viscosity of PA6. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength values increased with an increase in the PA6 content of the ABS/PA6/SGF systems due to the improved adhesion at the interface, which was confirmed by the ratio of tensile strength to flexural strength as an adhesion parameter. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/SGF composites, which exhibited an improved adhesion between the SGFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. 26:745–755, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers