Fe60Co8Zr10Mo5W2B15块体非晶合金的形成及热处理对性能的影响研究

用铜模吸铸法获得直径为2mm的Fe60Co8Zr10Mo5W2B15和Fe60Co8Zr10Mo5W2B15块体非晶合金。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、示差扫描量热分析（DSC）、显微硬度及压缩实验等研究了非晶合金的结构、热稳定性及热处理前后的显微硬度与压缩性能。结果表明Nb的引入不利于非晶合金的形成；Fe60Co8Zr10Mo5W2B15非晶合金的显微硬度为1343HV0．2，抗压强度σbe为972．6MPa；在低于晶化起始温度的热处理，硬度稍有下降；但在高于晶化峰值温度的热处理，硬度值随时间变化先升高，后下降；在热处理时间相同的条件下，随着热处理温度的升高，合金的硬度升高，但压缩强度会明显下降。     

真空熔结镍基合金的界面组织研究

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、显微硬度计等研究了真空熔结镍基合金涂层的微观组织、相结构以及显微硬度的分布特征。结果表明，在真空烧结镍基合金Ni60与45钢的界面处出现薄白亮的熔合带，涂层的相由Ni基固溶体及Cr7C3、Ni3B、Ni3Si、CrB等组成。涂层显微硬度最高为935HV。     

86% TMR at 4.2 K for Amorphous Magnetic-Tunnel-Junctions with Co60Fe20B20 as Free and Pinned Layers

Single barrier magnetic-tunnel-junctions (MTJs) with the layer structure of Ta(5)/Cu(30)/Ta(5)/Ni79Fe21(5)/Ir22 Mn78(12)/Co60Fe20B20(4)/Al(0.8)-oxide/Co60Fe20B20(4)/Cu(30)/Ta(5) [thickness unit: nm] using the amorphous Co60Fe20B20 alloy as free and pinned layers were micro-fabricated. The experimental investigations showed that the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio and the resistance decrease with increasing dc bias voltage from 0 to 500 mV or with increasing temperature from 4.2 K to RT. A high TMR ratio of 86.2% at 4.2 K, which corresponds to the high spin polarization of Co60Fe20B20, 55%, was observed in the MTJs after annealing at 270℃for 1 h. High TMR ratio of 53.1%, low junction resistance-area product RS of 3.56 kΩμm2, small coercivity HC of ≤4 Oe, and relatively large bias-voltage-at-half-maximum TMR with the value V1/2 of greater than 570 mV at RT have been achieved in such Co-Fe-B MTJs.     

TMR at 4.2 K for Amorphous Magnetic-Tunnel-Junctions with Co60Fe20B20 as Free and Pinned Layers

Single barrier magnetic-tunnel-junctions (MTJs) with the layer structure of Ta(5)/Cu(30)/Ta(5)/Ni79Fe21(5)/Ir22Mn78(12)/Co60Fe20B20(4)/Al(0.8)-oxide/Co60Fe20B20(4)/Cu(30)/Ta(5) [thickness unit: nm] using the amorphous Co60Fe20B20 alloy as free and pinned layers were micro-fabricated. The experimental investigations showed that the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio and the resistance decrease with increasing dc bias voltage from 0 to 500~mV or with increasing temperature from 4.2 K to RT. A high TMR ratio of 86.2% at 4.2 K, which corresponds to the high spin polarization of Co60Fe20B20 55%, was observed in the MTJs after annealing at 270℃ for 1 h. High TMR ratio of 53.1%, low junction resistance-area product RS of 3.56 kΩμm2, small coercivity Hc of ≤4 Oe, and relatively large bias-voltage-at-half-maximum TMR with the value V1/2 of greater than 570 mV at RT have been achieved in such Co-Fe-B MTJs.     

Fe元素对Nb 16Si原位复合材料显微组织及室温力学性能的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼方法制备了Nb-16Si-xFe原位复合材料(x = 2, 4, 6, 原子分数(%), 分别简称为2Fe、4Fe、6Fe合金), 研究了Fe含量对Nb-16Si合金的显微组织与室温力学性能的影响。结果表明: 铸态及热处理态(1350 ℃真空退火100 h) 2Fe和4Fe合金主要由Nb基固溶体(Nb_SS)、Nb₃Si和Nb₄FeSi三相组成, 随着Fe含量的增多, Nb₃Si含量减少, 而Nb₄FeSi含量增加, 6Fe合金仅由Nb_SS和Nb₄FeSi两相组成; 热处理后Nb_SS上有细小的硅化物析出; Nb-16Si合金中加入Fe元素后所生成的新相Nb₄FeSi是一个硬脆的硅化物相, 其显微硬度和室温断裂韧性 分别为HV 1110和1.22 MPa·m1/2; 随着Fe含量由2%提高到6%, 热处理态Nb-16Si-xFe合金的室温 断裂韧性呈略微下降趋势, 而硬度和压缩强度呈上升趋势。      

铁钴镍基非晶态软磁材料的研究

研究了１０钟以铁钴镍为基的非昌态软磁材料，对非晶态合金的成分，熔点，晶化温度，居里温度及一些磁性能作了分析比较、将将材料制成元件装到电子镇流器上试验，研究结果表明，铁磁元素铁钴镍的含量比例，是影响非晶态磁性的主要因素；类金属元素对软磁材料的磁性能也有一定的影响，含磷的非晶态合金的熔点，晶化温度及居里温度比含碳的较高。     

A study of microstructure and performance of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy

The effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy containing 0.3 wt% C, 2.0 wt% B, 8.0 wt% Cr, 0.6 wt% Si, and 0.8 wt% Mn were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers microhardness testers. The experimental results indicate that the as‐cast microstructure of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy consists of M₂B (M = Fe, Cr), M₇(C, B)₃, α‐Fe, and γ‐Fe. The dendritic matrix composed of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite, and the netlike boride M₂B distribute in the grain boundary. After quenching between 950 °C and 1100 °C, the netlike eutectic boride are broken up and a new phase‐M₂₃(C, B)₆ which is distributed in the shape of sphere or short rod‐like are precipitated from the matrix. Both the macrohardness and microhardness of specimens increase with the increasing quenching temperature. At about 1050 °C, the hardness reaches the maximum value. However, when the temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the hardness will decrease slightly. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C decreases gradually and its impact toughness increases slightly. Crusher hammer made of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C and tempering from 300 °C has good application effect, and its service life improves by 150–180% than that of high manganese steel hammer.     

Glass Formation and Thermal Stability in Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe-V-Si Alloy with Misch Metal Additions

A new amorphous Al87.3Fe4.3V0.7Si1.7Mm6.0(Mm: misch metal) was prepared by using melt-spinning technique. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD). transmis-sion electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) have been used to investigatethe crystallization behaviour of thi5 amorphous alloy It is found that the crystallization processcan be concluded as follows: amorphous→ amorphous plus fcc-Al→ fcc-Al plus AI11(La,Ce)3plus i-phase (icosahedral)→ fcc-Al plus Al11(La,Ce)3 plus i-phase plus ic-phase (icosahedralcompounds). The results of microhardness measurement show that HV values are higher thanthose in Al-Fe-V-Si based alloy and the maximum HV value corresponds to the coexisting ofnanoscale Al particles and i-phase.     

脉冲宽度对激光熔覆FeSiB涂层组织与硬度的影响

以FeSiB非晶带材为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆在低碳钢表面制备高致密度涂层,利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度仪等研究不同脉冲宽度对激光熔覆涂层成形、组织特征及硬度的影响。结果表明:随脉冲宽度增大,涂层稀释率升高;裂纹倾向增加,裂纹源萌生由表面到界面处;晶化程度升高,结晶相为α-Fe,Fe_2B和Fe_3Si;熔合区宽度增大,柱状晶沿外延生长趋势更大;显微硬度先增加后减小。当脉冲宽度为3.2ms时,涂层结构致密,无孔洞缺陷,界面呈良好的冶金结合,稀释率低,为23.2%,涂层平均显微硬度达1192HV,约为基材的10倍。     

Laser and GTAW torch processing of Fe–Cr–B coatings on steel

A comparison has been made of the relationship between microstructure and microhardness developed by surface melting Nanosteel SHS 7170 Fe–Cr–B alloy powder onto a plain carbon steel surface. This powder was initially developed as a high velocity oxyfuel sprayed coating, giving a strength 10 times that of mild steel, and is particularly suitable for surface protection against wear and corrosion. In the present study, the alloy powder was injected into the laser melted surface, while a preplaced powder was melted using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) technique. The laser track consisted of fine dendrites and needle-like microstructures, which produced a maximum hardness value of over 800 HV, while the GTAW track produced a mixture of equiaxed and columnar grain microstructures with a maximum hardness value of 670 HV. The lower hardness values are considered to be associated with dilution and grain size.     

Fe61Co10Zr5W4B20块体非晶合金的形成及其力学性能

采用铜模吸铸法获得直径为2 mm的Fe61Co10Zr5W4B20块体非晶合金.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、示差扫描量热仪、微显硬度及压缩实验等研究了非晶合金的结构、热稳定性、显微硬度与压缩性能.结果表明:Mo的引入不利于非晶合金的形成;Fe61Co10Zr5W4B20块体非晶合金表现为二级晶化,玻璃转变温度为561.1℃,晶化起始温度为619.0℃,第一晶化峰值温度为632.6℃,第二晶化峰值温度为747.0℃,过冷液相区为57.9℃;该非晶合金的显微硬度为1207HV0.2,抗压强度σbc为1707.6 MPa.     

Microstructure of Differently Annealed NanocrystallineFe_(72.7)Cu_1Nb_(1.8)Mo_2Si_(13)B_(9.5) Alloy

The microstructure of differently annealed nanocrystalline Fe72.7Cu1Nb1.8Mo2Si13B9.5 alloy was investigated by using Mssbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. The specimens were isochronally annealed at temperatures between 480℃ and 600℃ for 0.5 h. The experimental results show that the microstructure mainly consists of the nanoscale bcc α-Fe(Si) grains and the residual amorphous matrix phase. A trace paramagnetic phase was found for annealing about above 500℃. The volume fraction of cr-Fe(Si) grain increases with increasing annealing temperature, whereas the average size of grain is almost unchanged above 480℃ up to 580℃. The calculated thickness of the intergranular layer of the residual amorphous matrix clearly decreases with increasing annealing temperature.     

Fe基非晶合金涂层的等离子喷涂制备工艺研究

一种Fe基非晶合金粉末（含Si,B，Cr,Ni等）被用于大气等离子喷涂试验，结果表明，采用等离子喷涂工艺成功地制备出了一种高非晶含量的Fe基非晶合金涂层，涂层各区域的组织均匀一致，涂层由变形良好的带状粒子相互塔接堆积而成，涂层致密度高，孔隙率低，氧化物含量较少，并具有很高的硬度，显微硬度在530～790Hv0.1范围内，涂层与基材结合良好，结合强度可达27MPa以上，能够满足实际使用要求。     

不同温度下Sn-0.7Cu钎料在非晶Fe84.3Si10.3B5.4合金上的润湿行为及界面特征

采用座滴法及利用SEM-EDS分别对Sn、Sn-37Pb、Sn-58Bi和Sn-0.7Cu四种钎料在非晶Fe_(84.3)Si_(10.3)B_(5.4)合金上的静态润湿及界面特征进行了对比研究,优选出Sn-0.7Cu钎料作为适用于非晶Fe_(84.3)Si_(10.3)B_(5.4)合金的焊接钎料。进而采用座滴法研究了不同温度下Sn-0.7Cu钎料在非晶Fe_(84.3)Si_(10.3)B_(5.4)合金上的动态润湿行为,并利用SEM-EDS观察分析了其在非晶Fe_(84.3)Si_(10.3)B_(5.4)合金表面润湿后的界面微观组织形貌及成分。结果表明,Sn-0.7Cu钎料在非晶Fe_(84.3)Si_(10.3)B_(5.4)合金上的最终平衡润湿角随着温度的升高而变小,润湿性越来越好;同时Sn-0.7Cu与非晶Fe_(84.3)Si_(10.3)B_(5.4)合金界面上形成的FeSn_2金属间化合物由间断分布变为连续分布,且其厚度逐渐增加,界面反应逐渐增强。     

Ni、Si元素配比对Cu-Cr-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

在Cu-Cr-Zr合金中添加Ni、Si元素,制备Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr、Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si-0.6Cr-0.15Zr(w(Ni)/w(Si)=4∶1)、Cu-2.8Ni-0.9Si-0.6Cr-0.15Zr(w(Ni)/w(Si)4∶1)、Cu-2.8Ni-0.56Si-0.6Cr-0.15Zr(w(Ni)/w(Si)4∶1)共4种合金。研究了Ni、Si元素及其配比对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:Ni、Si元素细化了合金组织,增强了合金高温力学性能。合金时效初期先析出CrSi2化合物,时效后期析出相颗粒主要有CrSi2、Ni2Si、ZrCrSi2,形态为长条形、椭圆形及圆盘状。时效处理后,与Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr合金相比,加入Ni、Si元素后合金硬度从131HV上升到240HV以上;导电率从88%IACS左右降到40%IACS左右。Ni、Si元素配比对导电率的峰值影响有限,在4%IACS~9%IACS;对硬度峰值的影响在20HV~30HV之间。     

Preparation and Characterization of Multilayered Al/Fe-Mo-Si-B Alloy with Nanostructure

The bulk multilayered Al/Fe-Mo-Si-B alloy with nanostructure was prepared by annealing the alternate layers consisting of metal Al and amorphous (Fe0.99,Mo0.01)78 Si9B13 alloy ribbons for 30 min at 873 K under pressure of 3~5.5 GPa. The structures and grain sizes of the Fe-MoSi-B nanocrystalline alloy were measured and analyzed. It was found that the pressure could restrain the growth of the grains and influence the formation of phases. The dependence of grain sizes for α-Fe(Mo,Si) and Fe2B on pressure was given. The morphologies of Al/Fe-Mo-SiB nanocrystalline alloy intedeces were observed by SEM. Two intedecial phases formed at various pressures were established by TEM and EDAX, and an unknown Fe-rich one with nanostructure was also observed. The dependence of the intedecial phases on pressure and its formation and growth mechanism were discussed     

Co47.6Fe20.4B21.9Si5.1Nb5-xZrx(x=0~5)合金的非晶形成能力和磁性能

采用铜模吸铸法制备了直径d为2~5mm的Co_(47.6)Fe_(20.4)B_(21.9)Si_(5.1)Nb_(5-x)Zr_x(x=0~5)合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和显微硬度计分析合金的非晶形成能力(GFA)、磁性能及显微硬度。结果表明:该合金体系具有较好的GFA,随着Zr含量的增加,其GFA呈逐渐降低的趋势。Zr含量为0~2%(原子分数)时,能制得d为3mm的非晶合金;Zr含量为0~3%(原子分数)时,可制得d为2mm的非晶合金。直径2mm的棒状非晶合金(Zr含量为0~3%(原子分数))表现为明显的软磁性,饱和磁化强度Ms趋于一定值。该体系非晶合金均具有很高的显微硬度,Zr含量为3%(原子分数)时达到1420HV。     

Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and hardness of bulk AlCrFeNiMo0.2 eutectic high-entropy alloy

Bulk AlCrFeNiMo_0.2 (in molar ratio) alloy ingot was prepared by vacuum induction melting and casting methods. The effects of annealing temperature variations (550–1050 °C) on the crystal structure, microstructure, and hardness were investigated. The hardness of the as-cast alloy was HV467, and the alloy exhibited a typical eutectic cell microstructure consisting of FeCrMo-rich solid solution (BCC structure) and NiAl-rich intermetallic compound (B2 structure). After annealing at 750–950 °C, a Mo-rich σ phase precipitated from the FeCrMo-rich solid solution, and apparent annealing hardening appeared. The hardness increased from HV479 to HV542. The hardening of this alloy was attributed to the transformation of the BCC phase to the σ phase. The σ phase changed back to the BCC phase at 1050 °C and the hardness decreased to HV478 which was nearly equal to that of the as-cast alloy. Overall, the AlCrFeNiMo_0.2 alloy exhibited excellent annealing softening resistance.     

Ordering of the α-Fe(Si) Crystallization Phase in Annealed Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Mo_3Si_(13.5)B_9 Alloy

The ordering of the α-Fe(Si) crystallization phase in annealed Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5B9 alloy has been studied using XRD method. The α-Fe(Si) phase in Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5B9 alloy annealed at 460℃ for 1 h consists of the DO3-type ordered region with spherical shape and disordered region. The size of DO3 ordered region increases with the annealing temperature. When the annealing temperature is 560℃, the size of the ordered region in the α-Fe(Si) grain is 14.0nm,which is nearly as large as that of the α-Fe(Si) grain (14.2 nm) and the degree of order of the α-Fe(Si) phase is about 0.78. When Fe73.5Cu1 Mo3Si13.5B9 amorphous alloy is annealed at 520℃, with the increment of the annealing time, the shape of the DO3 ordered region in the α-Fe(Si) phase is spheroidal at the beginning of the annealing and becomes spherical and has asize of 12.8 nm when the annealing time is 60 min. In addition, the DO3 superlattice lines of the α-Fe(Si) phase will vanish if Fe73.5Cu1Mo3Si13.5 B9 amorphous alloy is annealed for 1 h at 750℃.     

热处理对(Fe_(0.52)Co_(0.30)Ni_(0.18))_(73)Cr_(17)Zr_(10)非晶合金的组织结构及磁性能的影响

采用单辊急冷法制备(Fe_(0.52)Co_(0.30)Ni_(0.18))_(73)Cr_(17)Zr_(10)非晶薄带,并对该合金进行等温退火。采用XRD,AFM,VSM研究退火温度对(Fe_(0.52)Co_(0.30)Ni_(0.18))_(73)Cr_(17)Zr_(10)非晶合金的组织结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明:非晶合金晶化过程为Am→α-Fe(Co)+Am′→α-Fe(Co)+Cr_2Ni_3+Fe_3Ni_2+Cr_2Zr+未知相。当退火温度Ti玻璃转变温度Tg时,由于结构弛豫、内应力的释放,合金的饱和磁化强度Ms有所提高;当晶化起始温度TxTi第一晶化峰值温度Tp1时,由于铁磁性α-Fe(Co)相的析出,Ms显著提升;当TiTp1时,由于晶粒长大和第二相的析出,Ms急剧恶化,565℃退火能够获得最好磁性能(Ms=106.8A·m~2·kg~(-1))。490℃和565℃退火后薄带表面的AFM观察表明,AFM图片所呈现的颗粒尺寸要比用Scherrer法测得的α-Fe(Co)纳米晶尺寸大得多,这是典型的包裹晶粒现象。