Minerals, haem and non-haem iron contents of rhea meat

Mineral contents, haem and non-haem iron of rhea (Rhea americana) muscles Obturatorius medialis (OM), Iliotibialis lateralis (IL) and Iliofibularis (I) were determined. No differences between the three muscles were observed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. There is more potassium, zinc and copper in IL muscle than in OM and I muscles. For Manganese, OM and IL muscles show a higher content in comparison with I muscle. For selenium, IL and I muscles show the highest content compared to OM muscle. For total, haem and non-haem iron, the IL muscle shows the highest content respect to the other muscles. When compared to other meats, the minerals content of rhea meat show an elevated level in phosphorus, selenium and total and haem iron. The human health concern due to the deficient diet in selenium and iron, and their high contents in rhea meat will be of great importance in the promotion of this meat.     

Mineral Element Composition of Bovine Spleen and Separated Spleen Components

The content of 15 essential elements in whole beef spleens and in mechanically separated spleen pulp (MSS) and its connective tissue residue was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There were greater amounts of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, and magnesium in MSS than in the whole spleen. Zinc was more concentrated in the residue. Upon cooking, larger quantities of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, magnesium, and tin were noted in MSS than in the raw samples. Content of potassium, phosphorus, sodium, tin and zinc also increased in cooked whole spleen samples as compared to uncooked samples. Silicon content decreased with cooking in both the MSS and whole spleen samples.     

The influence of cooking and fat trimming on the actual nutrient intake from meat

The effects of cooking and trimming of visible fatty tissue on the content of fat, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was studied in six meat cuts (beef rib-eye and brisket, pork neck steak and belly, veal chop and rolled breast) in order to improve the estimates of the actual nutrient intake from meat. Cooking decreased the absolute fat content by about 17.9-44.4% and therefore concomitantly influenced the content of different fatty acids. The trimming of visible fatty tissue additionally decreased the fat content by about 23.8-59.1%. Calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus decreased during cooking in all cuts and cooking processes, while iron and zinc were found to increase in beef. All vitamins decreased during cooking, with thiamine showing the highest losses, from 73% up to 100%. In conclusion, the cooking and trimming of meat cuts considerably affected the nutrients in various ways and to different degrees, which should be taken into account when the nutrient intakes of meat are estimated.     

Bioavailability of nutrients in rats fed on edible seaweeds,Nori (Porphyra tenera) and Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), as a source of dietary fibre

A comparative study of the influence of two edible seaweeds, Nori (Porphyra tenera) and Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), on dietary nutritive utilization was performed. Male adult Wistar rats were fed, for 2 weeks, diets containing Nori, Wakame or cellulose as source of dietary fibre. All diets contained similar amounts of dietary fibre (5%), protein (14%) and ash (5%). Intake, body weight gain, food efficiency (weight gain/food intake), apparent digestibility and retention coefficients for protein, fat, and minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, sodium, and potassium) were evaluated. The addition of Wakame or Nori did not affect the gain in body weight of rats or food efficiency. Fresh and dry stool weights were higher in rats fed seaweeds than in the control group. Seaweed-fed animals showed significantly lower apparent digestibilities of protein and fat but absorbed nitrogen was more effectively used by animals. Apparent digestibility and retention coefficients for calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, sodium and potassium were lower for seaweed-fed rats, and showed lower values for Wakame than Nori. The seaweeds could be a good source of dietary fibre in diet but they may modify digestibility of dietary protein and minerals.     

Chemical Composition of Saskatoon Berries (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)

Saskatoon berries, Amelanchier alnifolia, have been analyzed for moisture, soluble solids, protein, fat, fiber, Ca, P, S, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ba, Mo, Al, and carotene content. The composition of saskatoon berries was compared to that of blueberries (Vaccinium sp.). There were significantly higher amounts of protein, fat, fiber, calcium, magnesium, manganese, barium, and aluminum, and lower contents of phosphorus and sulfur in Saskatoon berries than in blueberries. No significant difference in iron, zinc, sodium and carotene content was found between saskatoons and the other fruit. On a dry weight basis, saskatoons contained less sugars than blueberries. Although bioavailability of the minerals was not determined, saskatoons appear to be an excellent source of manganese, magnesium and iron and a relatively good source of calcium, potassium, copper, and carotene.     

Contribution of beef consumption to nutrient intake, diet quality, and food patterns in the diets of the US population

This study examined the association between the nutrient contribution of beef, in its lowest and highest fat forms, and diet quality and food patterns in individuals 4+ years of age. Beef consumers were categorized into three groups (lowest lean/highest fat [LLHF]; middle lean/middle fat content; and highest lean/lowest fat [HLLF]) based on the lean and fat content of beef consumed. Compared to non-beef consumers, HLLF consumers had higher intakes of vitamins B₆ and B₁₂, iron, zinc, and potassium. Non-beef consumers had higher intakes of thiamin, folate, calcium, and magnesium than HLLF beef consumers. The HLLF group had significantly higher intakes of vitamins A, C, B₆, and B₁₂; niacin; phosphorus; magnesium; iron; zinc; and potassium, protein and lower intakes of total energy; total fat; SFA; MUFA; total carbohydrates. There was no difference in diet quality between HLLF beef consumers and non-beef consumers. Moderate consumption of lean beef contributes to intakes of selected nutrients and diet quality was similar to non-beef consumers.     

Variation in the Levels of Sodium and Other Minerals of Nutritional Importance in Louisiana Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

The concentrations of nine individual minerals were determined in oysters harvested over a 10-month period. Significant (p > 0.01) monthly variations were observed in the levels of all the minerals determined. Salinity of the growing waters was significantly (p > 0.01) correlated to levels of sodium, magnesium, iron, chromium, and nickel in the oysters. Levels of potassium, copper and chromium were related to pH. Zinc and iron levels were correlated (p > 0.05) to water temperature. In this study, variations in the mineral content of oysters were often directly influenced by the growing water. This variation must be taken into consideration, should sodium labeling be required for fresh oysters.     

Effect of pH and Heat on the Binding of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc and the Loss of Phytic Acid in Soy Flour

The effect of pH and heat treatments on the binding of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc and the loss of phytic acid in defatted soy flour was investigated. The soy flour was found to bind more iron, calcium, and magnesium at pH 6.8 than at pH 5.0, but the reverse situation occurred with zinc. Boiling caused a significant increase in binding of zinc and magnesium at both pH values, but was pH dependent for iron and calcium. Toasting caused a significant increase in binding of zinc and calcium at both pH values and a pH variable effect on iron and magnesium. Phytic acid analysis under the same conditions suggested that the degree of binding of these minerals did not correlate with the presence of phytic acid.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定雄蚕蛾中8种元素

目的 建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)法同时测定雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌8种元素的含量的方法。方法 样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后, 通过在线加入内标溶液校正, 以72Ge为内标, 采用ICP-MS测定雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌8种元素的含量。结果 8种元素线性良好, 相关系数为0.9995~0.9999; 钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌的检出限分别为0.04、0.0004、0.003、0.003、0.01、0.004、0.0005、0.006 mg/kg; 8种元素的回收率在91.3%~98.6%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)≤3.7%(n=6)。结论 该方法灵敏度高、稳定性好, 可以满足雄蚕蛾中钠、锰、镁、铜、钙、铁、硒和锌的同时测定。     

Biological variability and accuracy in determining macro- and microelements in fish

The statistical analysis of 911 personal observations and literature findings on the mean content of ash, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese in different species of fish has brought to the conclusion on the absence of any reliable interspecies differences in the content of macro- and trace elements in fish muscle tissue (except for sodium and zinc). The evaluation of the analytical accuracy in the assessment and biological variability of the mineral composition of the fish muscles has shown that the values of both these components are comparable and should be taken into account in the development of new tables on the chemical composition of food products.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定马鹿皮中9种元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法同时测定马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌9种元素的含量的方法。方法样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后,通过在线加入内标溶液校正,以72Ge为内标,采用ICP-MS测定马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌9种元素的含量。结果 9种元素线性良好,相关系数为0.9995~1.0000;钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌的检出限分别为4、0.007、0.2、1、1、0.3、0.004、0.009、0.05 mg/kg;9种元素的回收率在86%~116%之间;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)≤7.2%(n=6)。结论该方法灵敏度高、稳定性好,可以满足马鹿皮中钠、锰、镁、钾、钙、铁、硒、铜和锌的测定。     

Effect of processing treatments (frozen,frying) on contents of minerals in tissues of ‘frutti di mare’

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thermal treatment (frying) of frozen seafood on the content of minerals and heavy metals. An analysis was conducted to compare concentration of sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, as well as lead, cadmium and mercury in the analysed tissues of invertebrates (shellfish – blue mussel, Japanese squid, white shrimp and octopus). Thermal processing (in this case, frying) applied to the frozen invertebrates was found to affect significantly the content of macro‐ and microelements as well as the content of heavy metals, except for potassium and manganese content in mussels and shrimps, respectively. Frozen and thermally treated (frying) mussels are characterised by significantly higher concentrations of the analysed minerals (except Na⁺, Ca⁺², Cu⁺²), as well as higher concentrations of cadmium and mercury. In turn, shrimps and squids are invertebrates with lower content of both macro‐ and microelements.     

京西稻糙米及精米中9种微量矿物质元素含量对比分析

目的 比较京西稻糙米和精米中9种微量矿物质元素的含量差异。方法 20份京西稻稻谷样品脱壳而成的糙米和进一步加工得到的精米经微波消解法前处理后, 由电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定样品中钙、铜、铁、钾、镁、锰、钠、磷、锌9种微量矿物质元素的含量, 并对数据进行分析。结果 分析20份样品各元素的平均含量, 糙米中的镁、磷、钾、锰、钙、钠、铁、锌、铜元素含量分别的是精米的174.5%、147.1%、143.0%、138.2%、115.7%、113.2%、106.7%、96.6%、95.8%。结论 京西稻糙米中镁、磷、钾、锰的含量远高于精米, 糙米中钙、钠、铁的含量略高于精米, 而糙米中锌和铜的含量略低于精米。     

Improving the sensory and nutritional value of gluten-free bread

Bakery products, especially breads, are important part of everyday diet. Home-made breads are all the more crucial on the gluten-free diet, as commercially available breads without gluten are often unattractive. The study presents the recipe, nutritional characteristics (fat, protein, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese), costs and consumer acceptance of four easy to make home-made gluten-free breads. Partial substitution of bread-mix based on corn and rice (control bread) with teff flour, amaranth flour or quinoa flour significantly changed the content of the most of analysed nutrients, while their price was comparable. The highest nutritional benefits were found for protein, magnesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron and manganese in bread with teff and for magnesium, potassium, zinc and manganese in bread with amaranth. The highest consumer acceptance of people on gluten-free diet was noticed for breads with quinoa and teff.     

Minerals in whey and whey fractions

Liquid and dried acid and sweet wheys and the concentrates and permeates obtained from ultrafiltration of whey were analyzed for major and trace minerals. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were determined by atomic absorption and phosphorus by a colorimetric method. Zinc, iron, copper, and manganese were determined by flameless atomic absorption. The composition of all wheys and their fractions differed in nutritionally important minerals. Calcium was three times as great and zinc twenty times as great in acid whey as in sweet whey.     

Nutrient composition of Najdi-camel meat

The proximate composition, amino-acid composition, and inorganic nutrients of different wholesale cuts and organs of 18 (six each at eight, 16, and 26 months) Najdi male camels have been determined. Skeletal muscles contained 68·8-76% moisture; 19·4-20·5% protein; 4·1-10·6% fat, and 1·0-1·1% ash. In proximate composition, camel meat is generally similar to beef. Significant differences (p < 0·05) in moisture, fat, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were found between samples. The meat protein tended to have a higher percentage of the amino acid proline than literature values for other red meats, and lower values for tryptophan, aspartic acid, and tyrosine. Differences were observed between skeletal muscles and organs in nutrient content. Organs have higher percentages of ash, sodium, and iron than skeletal muscles. Among organs, kidneys contained higher quantities of moisture, calcium, and sodium but lower values of protein, magnesium, and potassium than liver and heart meats.     

Interaction of mineral salts with the skin: a literature survey

There is growing scientific evidence that the health, well-being and the attractiveness of the skin are strongly influenced by nutrition. Consumers recognize this and have supported the creation of a global cosmeceuticals market estimated in 2010 at $27.2 billion. Early in 2011, the US Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Agriculture issued the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. Twelve vitamins and nine minerals were recognized as essential. The minerals include calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, potassium and sodium. Although the topical benefits of several minerals such as zinc, magnesium and iron are recognized and, in some cases, approved by the FDA, the topical benefits of the others to the skin are largely unexplored and unexploited. This review attempts to summarize what has been published in the literature on the interactions of the eight of the nine essential elements with the skin.     

饲喂磺胺间甲氧嘧啶对肉鸡肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质的影响

探讨饲喂磺胺间甲氧嘧啶对鸡体质量以及鸡肉中水分、蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质元素含量变化的影响规律。本实验通过对160 只健康大骨鸡进行磺胺间甲氧嘧啶对照（仅饲喂基础日粮）、低、中、高剂量（0、25、200、500 mg/（kg·d））连续7 d给药,停药后16 d内采6 次样,取样前对鸡进行称质量,并检测鸡肉中水分、蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质元素（铁、铜、镁、锌和钙）的含量。结果表明：停药后16 d内,低剂量组鸡体质量显著增加,蛋白质和镁元素的含量升高;中剂量组鸡体内水分、脂肪和钙元素含量显著升高,铁元素含量显著降低;高剂量组鸡体质量增加缓慢且显著低于对照组,鸡肉中蛋白质、脂肪和铁元素的含量均显著降低。     

复合替代盐对调理牛肉品质的影响

为科学降低调理牛肉制品中的钠盐含量,选用乳酸钾、抗坏血酸钙、氯化镁作为氯化钠的复合替代盐,研究复配比例对调理牛肉理化指标和感官特性的影响,并通过主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明：相比于对照组（100%氯化钠）,以20%乳酸钾、10%抗坏血酸钙和10%氯化镁替代40%氯化钠腌制后的牛肉硬度、咀嚼性和剪切力显著降低（P＜0.05）,亮度值、红度值和黄度值显著升高（P＜0.05）,且2 组间具有相似的感官特性;通过主成分分析也发现,该处理组牛肉的综合得分与对照组最为接近。该复合替代盐配方及品质评价方法可在降低调理牛肉钠含量的同时有效保证其原有品质。     

Effect of diet on serum macroelement levels in patients with alcoholic lesions of the liver]

The content of seven main biometals: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron was studied in the blood serum of patients with alcoholic affection of the liver verified clinically and morphologically. In contrast to literature data, it has been established that the levels of the main elements in the blood serum of patients with alcoholic affections of the liver may be normal, and concentrations of zinc, copper and iron are even elevated. The initial body mass of patients significantly influences the mineral spectrum of the blood serum: the levels of zinc and copper in patients with excessive body mass and obesity were significantly higher than in those with normal body mass. The content of the main elements in the blood serum was not changed in relation to the degree of the liver affection and alimentary therapy.