液氨贮罐的不开罐声发射检验

本次声发射检验是在不开贮罐的情况下对贮罐进行在线声发射检验(在平时最大工作压力下加压1.1倍),依据NB/T47013.9-2015《承压设备无损检测》第9部分:声发射检测,确定液氨贮罐本体焊缝可能存在的严重缺陷的部位和声发射源的级别,而后采用超声波等其它无损检测方法确定可能存在的严重缺陷的尺寸和级别。此次对一个100m~3液氨贮罐进行的典型声发射检测,探索液氨贮罐的不开罐声发射检验。     

常减压装置初馏塔改造

以工程实例介绍了对塔设备进行利旧改造设计时的过程：依照现有工况对设备筒体进行强度校核及风载荷地震载荷作用时的验算,计算出简体所需最小壁厚。同时提出改造时必须执行的技术要求,以保证设备改造完成后能长久安全的运行。     

承压设备无损检测与评价技术发展现状

压力管道、锅炉以及压力容器是承压设备主要包括的内容,承压设备的运行安全会对人们的日常生活以及国家的经济运行产生一定影响。在承压设备建设过程中,焊接质量与原材料生产中逐渐应用无损检测与评价技术,通过无损检测与评价技术的有效应用可以及时掌握承压设备运行过程中材料的情况,并根据相应的检测结果科学评价承压设备的安全情况,进而评估承压设备的使用时间。本文将对承压设备进行无损检测与评价的重要意义进行分析,并对承压设备无损检测与评价技术中的多种新技术进行介绍,希望为相关人员提供一定帮助,使承压设备的运行安全得到有效保障。     

浅谈涡流检测技术在承压特种设备检验中的应用

涡流检测技术与射线检测、超声波检测、磁粉检测、渗透检测，同属JB／T4730-2005《承压设备无损检测》标准里的五大常规无损检测技术。受技术条件的制约，涡流检测按术并未在承压特种设备检验中广泛应用。文章通过结合涡流检测按术的特点与承压特种设备检验的实际，探讨涡流检测技术在锅炉、压力容器、压力管道等承压特种设备检验中的应用。     

小管径压力管道超声检测工艺的探讨

本文介绍了承压设备压力管道超声波检测工艺在《承压设备无损检测(第三部分超声检测)》(JB/T4730-2005)标准基础上在实际超声探伤中遇到的一些问题,阐述了与射线检测的对比,超声探伤的优势和技术难点,并提出了相应工艺解决方法,为提高压力管道焊缝超声的检测有一定借鉴的意义。     

管道对接焊接接头超声波探伤漏检

火电站安装过程中,超声波探伤常应用于壁厚大于20mm对接焊接接头的无损检测,在保证探伤系统灵敏度的前提下,由于探头选择的不恰当,管道外表面和内表面不能使声束按预计路径传播,造成焊接缺陷漏检,给设备安全运行带平隐患,希望能引起重视。     

带环形换热管设备的强度计算

为了进行热交换,在有些设备的筒体上焊有环形盘管,这种结构中的管子(图1)同时又是刚性的加强筋,它可以减少简体的壁厚。在对这种设备进行计算时,可以使用环形加强筋加强的圆柱形壳体的计算方法. 研究处于两相邻环形管之间的中间区段,我们假定环形管为具有挠性系数A的弹性支承。在决定支点挠度时,必须考虑到直接作用在管子上的介质压力以及设备壳体与管子间的温度差。由于对称,在管子附近的截面上简体的转角等于0。     

涡流类技术在承压设备带涂层表面检测中的应用分析

受冶炼水平、材料性能及恶劣工作环境等方面影响，承压类特种设备可能会产生缺陷，从而导致失效，甚至发生安全事故。承压设备事故会造成重大经济损失并可能导致人员伤亡，因此需对其进行定期检测。然而，承压设备外常涂有涂层，这导致常规无损检测方法无法对其进行检测。涡流技术检测速度快、自动化程度高、对表面要求低、缺陷检出率高、绿色环保，可用于带涂层承压设备的检测。本文分析了涡流检测原理，总结了各种涡流检测新技术及其特点，可为涡流类检测技术在带涂层承压设备检测中的应用提供技术支持。     

超声波烧碱浓度计的研制

介绍一种通过烧碱浓度温度和声时三者之间的相互关系来进行在线检测的超声波浓烧碱浓度计，通过实验，作者精确地测定了不同浓度和温度的烧碱溶液中的超声波声时，给出个烧碱的声时浓度系数和声时温度系数。     

电熔池壁砖缩孔的超声检测

运用国产超声波探伤仪对电熔池壁砖缩孔进行了检测,通过分析声时,振幅等检测信息,探寻一种判断缩孔形状,尺寸和位置的有效办法。     

圆形纺丝箱与长方形纺丝箱结构设计的比较

从纺丝箱强度计算、箱体焊接结构、纺丝箱内的传热计算、保温层壁厚计算等方面对PET熔体圆形纺丝箱与长方形纺丝箱的结构设计进行了比较。圆形纺丝箱箱体壁厚是长方形纺丝箱箱体壁厚的1/2,箱体质量轻1/2以上。从结构上看,圆形纺丝箱的焊缝要少于长方形纺丝箱焊缝,采用圆形纺丝箱可以节省制造成本。所需加热能源是方形的2/3,可以节约生产成本。     

塑料微管壁厚的在线测量方法

根据几何光学原理,在平行光束透射下,对塑料微管进行了光路分析。从理论上计算出微管的外径和内径与入射光线位置、折射率和偏移量之间的数量关系。并论述了利用点激光光源测量微管壁厚的方法。该方法可以一次测量出多个截面的壁厚数据,具有简单可靠等特点,适用于非接触式的在线测量。     

合成纤维熔融纺丝装置设计基本知识——第一讲 熔融纺丝用纺丝箱的设计计算

纺丝箱的设计主要是确定其结构、尺寸、加热形式和保温问题。本文重点论述纺丝箱内配管原理及计算(以确定管径和管壁厚度)纺丝箱内的传热计算(以估算升温时需要的加热功率);纺丝箱保温层计算(以确定保温层壁厚的设计)。     

Effect of slurry loading and diameter of vermicelli on thickness of PZT microtubes by dip coating process

Abstract

The effect of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder loading in the slurry on wall thickness of PZT microtubes formed by dip coating on vermicelli of diameters about 500 and 1000 μm has been reported. The vermicelli of 1000 μm diameter withstand longer dipping time (8 min) compared to vermicelli of diameter 500 μm (2 min). The wall thickness of the PZT microtubes formed by dip coating increased with both slurry loading and dipping time. The PZT microtubes by dip coating on vermicelli of 1000 μm diameter have thicker walls than that obtained with vermicelli of diameter ～500 μm due to higher water absorption capacity of the former. Microtubes of PZT with wall thickness in the ranges of about 125 to 280 μm and about 220 to 480 μm could be prepared by dip coating of slurries of PZT powder loading in the range of 40·2 to 46·5 vol.-% on vermicelli of diameters 500 and 1000 μm respectively.     

关于几种形式封头特点的比较

压力容器封头的选型和制造一定要兼顾成本和制作的难易程度,一般优选椭圆型封头和蝶形封头。采用标准椭圆形封头,其封头壁厚近似等于筒体壁厚,这样简体和封头就可采用同样厚度的钢板来制造。这不仅可以给选材带来方便,也便于简体和封头的焊接。蝶形封头的主要优点是便于手工加工成型,且可以安装现场制造。它的主要缺点即受力情况不如椭圆形封头好。     

Preparation of binderless honeycomb silicalite-1 monolith by using bundled palm fibers as template

Honeycomb silicalite-1 monolith (HSM) was prepared by first binding 27 palm fibers with two Teflon o-rings to form bundled palm fibers, followed by hydrothermal synthesis in a silicalite-1 synthesis solution and removal of the template by calcination. The effect of pH value of the synthesis solution on dissolution of palm fibers was studied. The results indicated that only the centers of palm fibers were dissolved when the pH value of synthesis solution was less than 11, thus keeping original shape of palm fibers. The influence of synthesis cycles was also examined and it was found that two cycles of syntheses were necessary to maintain concrete structure of the resulting HSM. The prepared HSM, with a diameter of 2.3 mm and a length of 15 mm, contained 27 cells, each with a diameter and wall thickness of 350–400 and 25–35 μm, respectively. The specific surface area of the HSM was about 396 m² g⁻¹. After ultrasonic treatment in water with an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz for 60 min, the HSM had a weight loss of only about 5.5%, indicating the strong mechanic strength.     

外压容器的稳定性模糊可靠性优化设计

考虑到设计参数的随机性和设计边界的模糊性,在外压容器的稳定性设计中应用模糊可靠性优化设计理论,建立了模糊可靠性优化设计的数学模型,给出了优化方法和应用实例。优化后,圆筒有效壁厚减少14%,封头有效壁厚减少14%,加强圈有效横截面积减少46.7%,重量减轻16%左右。     

碳化塔内壁鼓包的测定与修复

报道了对某化肥厂碳化塔内壁鼓包进行检测的过程和结果以及修复方法。首先对塔内外壁进行了检验。随后对塔体每个筒节和每个鼓包用测厚仪进行壁厚测定,并对选定的鼓包进行切片检验。最后对鼓包进行了修复。修复后的碳化塔运行状况良好。由此总结出碳化塔修复的要求和技术措施,并对该设备的安全运行提出了建议。     

Inducing synthesis of CdS nanotubes by PTFE template

Using PTFE membrane as structure-directing template, the CdS nanotubes with the internal diameter of 100–130 nm, the wall thickness of 15–18 nm, and the length of about 1.4 μm were inductively synthesized.     

The Role of Aluminum in the Detonation and Post‐Detonation Expansion of Selected Cast HMX‐Based Explosives

In order to improve understanding of how aluminum contributes in non‐ideal explosive mixtures, cast‐cured formulations have been analyzed in a series of cylinder tests and plate‐pushing experiments. This study describes the contribution of 15 % aluminum (median size of 3.2 μm) vs. lithium fluoride (an inert substitute for aluminum; <5 μm) in cast‐cured HMX formulations in different temporal regimes. Small cylinder tests were performed to analyze the detonation and wall velocities (1–20 μs) for these formulations. Near‐field blast effects of 58 mm diameter spherical charges were measured at 152 mm and 254 mm using steel plate acceleration. Pressure measurements at 1.52 m gave information about free‐field pressure at several milliseconds. While the observed detonation velocities for all formulations were within uncertainty, significantly higher cylinder wall velocities, plate velocities, and pressures were observed for the aluminum formulations at ≥2 μs. Additionally, hydrocode calculations were performed to determine how non‐ideal behavior affected the plate test results. Collectively, this work gives a clearer picture of how aluminum contributes to detonation on timescales from 1 μs to about 2 ms, and how the post‐detonation energy release contributes to wall velocities and blast effects. The experiments indicate that significant aluminum reactions occur after the CJ plane, and continue to contribute to expansion at late times.