微污染湘江原水强化混凝处理工艺试验研究

针对株洲市自来水公司湘江水源水和出厂水水质 ,进行强化混凝试验研究。试验表明 ,采用高锰酸钾 粉末活性炭联用组合工艺 ,对老水厂改造 ,提高除污去浊效率 ,确实是一种经济有效的手段。高锰酸钾作为强氧化剂 ,降解有机物效果较理想 ,粉末活性炭对水中的小分子有机物有很好的吸附作用 ,有利于去色除味。两者组合同时用于常规净水工艺流程 ,使之协同作用 ,效果更为显著。当原水CODMn为 4 0 3mg/L ,浊度为 30NTU ,UV2 54为0 33,NH3 -N为 0 4 6mg/L时 ,投加聚合氯化铝 2 0mg/L ,沉淀水相应水质参数分别为 :2 72mg/L ,1 86NTU ,0 0 88,0 2 8mg/L ,去除率分别为 32 5 % ,93 8% ,73 3% ,39 1% ;采用高锰酸钾 粉末活性炭联用组合工艺 ,高锰酸钾投加量0 2mg/L ,聚合氯化铝投加量 2 0mg/L ,粉末活性炭投加量10mg/L ,沉淀水相应水质参数分别为 :1 87mg/L ,1 4 3NTU ,0 0 3,0 2 0mg/L ,而滤后水相应水质参数为 :0 93mg/L ,0 81NTU ,0 0 3,0 19mg/L ,去除率为 76 5 % ,97 3% ,90 9% ,5 8 7%。强化混凝正交试验表明 :助凝剂、混凝剂投加顺序即投加点以及高锰酸钾投加量 ,对UV2 54,NH3 -N及浊度去除均有显著影响。高锰酸钾与聚合氯化铝同时投加 ,30s后再投加粉末活性炭 ,效果最好。     

电凝聚对厨房废水处理的试验研究

采用电凝聚对厨房废水进行处理。通过改变电流密度、电解时间、沉淀时间等条件 ,进行了对废水中的COD ,浊度 ,NH3-N ,油 ,TP去除率的试验研究。当COD为 2 2 6 4mg/L ,油 15 5 4mg/L ,浊度 330 3NTU ,NH3-N 4 5mg/L ,TP 2 1 36mg/L时 ,在电流密度 2 0A/m2 ,沉淀时间 15min ,电解时间 10min的条件下 ,COD和氨氮去除率接近 70 % ,油的去除率达 90 %以上 ;对TP和浊度也有较好的去除效果     

活性炭+陶粒复合滤料的再生水深度处理试验研究

针对济南某水厂出水,采用混凝沉淀+臭氧+复合滤料生物滤池组合工艺,对城市再生水进行深度处理。在臭氧消耗量和反应时间分别为5 mg/L和10 min,空床停留时间(EBCT)为15 min的条件下,臭氧/复合填料生物滤池对浊度、CODMn、UV254、NH3-N、NO2--N的平均去除率分别为75.1%、48%、54.6%、83.1%、76.6%,出水水质分别降为:0.56NTU、3.1 mg/L、0.052 cm-1、0.37 mg/L、0.04 mg/L。     

SBR法处理制药废水的试验研究

采用SBR法处理制药废水。当进水CODCr为 2 4 0～ 110 0mg/L ,NH3-N为 14～ 55mg/L时 ,出水CODCr≤ 10 0mg/L ,NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ;CODCr的去除率 >90 % ,NH3-N的去除率 >70 %。     

粉末活牲炭回流技术去除原水中氨氮的研究

将含粉末活性炭(PAC)的沉淀池排泥水回流至原水进水处,延长PAC在系统中的停留时间,考察系统对氨氮、有机物和浊度的去除效果及去除氨氮的影响因素.结果表明,在温度为21～25℃,投炭量为50 mg/L条件下,系统第7～8天运行稳定,对氨氮、UV254和CODMn的去除率分别为40%、45%和60%左右,出水浊度在1 NTU左右,活性炭泥的生物量为130 nmolP/g左右.当活性炭泥回流比为6%,原水CODMn不超过10 mg/L,Ph为7～8,浊度不超过180 NTU时,对氨氮去除效果最好,为40%～50%,可应对原水氨氮浓度小于1 mg/L的情况.     

生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究

以小试规模研究了生物曝气滤池处理生活污水时对COD ,NH3-N的去除 ,在最佳工艺条件 (HRT =1 5 9h ,气水比 =7∶1)下 ,NH3-N的平均去除率为 74 2 % ,出水NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ,COD≤ 6 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,SS≤ 2 0mg/L。探讨了COD负荷、NH3-N负荷、反冲洗和气水比对生物曝气滤池运行效果的影响     

抚顺污水处理厂活性污泥培养驯化与启动调试

抚顺污水处理厂是目前国内外已经投产、规模最大的采用DAT -IAT工艺的城市污水处理厂。在活性污泥培养驯化和启动调试过程中 ,有效地解决了低气温、低水温、进水营养源不足、污泥上浮和设备故障等问题。采用流态连续形方法 ,在平均气温为 6 5℃ ,反应器中水温 11～ 13℃的低温不利条件下 ,成功地进行了DAT -IAT工艺污水处理厂的活性污泥培养驯化和启动调试。培养驯化周期 30d左右 ,活性污泥絮体基本形成。出水BOD为 5 4～ 12 8mg/L ,去除率为 77 6 %～95 2 % ;COD为 39～ 94 5mg/L ,去除率为 2 9 5 %～ 86 3% ;SS为 9～ 19mg/L ,去除率为 6 4 7%～91 5 % ;NH3-N为 2 5～ 3 3mg/L ,去除率为 90 % ;TP为 1 1～ 1 2mg/L ,去除率为 6 4 7%～6 7 6 %。各项出水水质和能耗等指标达到了或优于设计目标。     

生物陶粒-微絮凝活性滤池工艺处理微污染原水的试验研究

采用生物陶粒 微絮凝活性滤池工艺对天津引滦水进行中试处理研究。结果表明 ,在水温为 7～ 2 5℃的条件下 ,该工艺对浊度 ,氨氮 ,CODMn,UV2 54 和叶绿素的平均去除率分别为 93 5 % ,6 2 5 % ,6 5 8% ,5 8 5 %和 77 0 %。该工艺在试验期间处理效果稳定 ,出水水质好 ,是一种经济有效、简单实用、具有很好发展前景的饮用水处理工艺     

高锰酸钾预氧化技术在宾川二水厂的应用

目前西部小城镇供水设施比较落后,水源水常出现季节性微污染,造成出厂水水质难以达到<生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006).宾川二水厂在常规处理工艺的基础上增加了高锰酸钾预氧化.生产试验结果表明高锰酸钾预氧化对原水的浊度、CODMn、UV254、氨氮、藻类有较好的去除效果.连续运行高锰酸钾预氧化对COI)Mn去除率保持在43%左右,对NH3-N去除率保持在40%左右.出厂水水质达到<生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006).     

载粉末活性炭过滤处理微污染原水的试验研究

载粉末活性炭(PAC)过滤集PAC吸附与过滤于一体,能够应用于微污染原水处理。配水试验结果表明:粒径为1.25-2.5mm,厚度为1000mm的聚苯乙烯滤料层能够用于载PAC过滤。影响过滤效果的主要因素为PAC载量和混凝剂投加量,当混凝剂T3010和聚氯化铝的投加量分别为0.09mg/L和2.5mg/L,PAC载量为2-3g/L滤料时,载PAC过滤处理浊度为20-40NTU的微污染原水的效果达到最佳,对CODMn和浊度都具有很好的去除效果。Z河水作为原水的试验结果表明:载PAC过滤对河水浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除率分别为97%-97.9%、50.9%-63.4%、68.5%-71.4%。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

泥石流危害与防治

泥石流介于流水与滑坡之间的一种地质现象,其具有突然爆发、阵性、能量大的特点,来势凶猛,破坏力极强,给人民生命财产造成极大的损失和破坏。掌握其发生规律和特点,进行预报和防治是非常必要的。