7075铝合金半固态浆料制备及流变压铸工艺研究

目的研究搅拌速度和搅拌时间对ACSR工艺制备的7075铝合金半固态浆料组织的影响,研究和比较传统压铸与流变压铸7075铝合金的组织与性能。方法通过改变搅拌速度和搅拌时间制备7075铝合金半固态浆料,取料水淬获得半固态坯料,将剩余浆料进行流变压铸,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机等研究了试样的微观组织、拉伸性能与断口形貌,探究搅拌速度和搅拌时间对7075合金半固态浆料组织的影响,同时研究与比较传统压铸与流变压铸7075铝合金的组织性能。结果在一定范围内提高搅拌速度和搅拌时间有利于α1-Al的细化与球化,与传统压铸7075铝合金相比,流变压铸合金具有更优异的力学性能,T6热处理后,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为547 MPa、494 MPa和3.2%。结论 ACSR工艺可制备出组织细小圆整的7075铝合金半固态浆料,且流变压铸可改善7075铝合金力学性能。     

蛇形通道制备半固态浆料均热后的流变压铸

为了研究蛇形通道制备半固态浆料并经过均热后的流变压铸性能,以A356铝合金为材料进行实验研究.结果表明:当浇注温度为680℃、均热功率为1.6～2.5 kW时,半固态浆料的微观组织可以达到均一,而且初生α(Al)的形貌更加圆整;该浆料经过流变压铸成形后,在铸态下拉伸试样的抗拉强度可达245～260 MPa,伸长率可达8.5%～13%;经过T6热处理后,拉伸试样的抗拉强度可达295～320 MPa,伸长率可达7%～11%.均热可以对浆料的整个温度进行调整来满足不同铸件的流变压铸.     

大体积流变浆料制备与压铸成形一体化工艺及其应用

目的研究气体流量对ACSR流变压铸Al-Si-Fe合金组织的影响,同时研究与对比流变压铸与传统压铸合金的组织性能。方法通过改变气体流量制备流变压铸Al-Si-Fe合金,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、万能试验机等研究了合金的微观组织与拉伸性能。结果随着气体流量由0提高至6 L/s,流变压铸合金中α1-Al平均尺寸由35.6μm下降到23.9μm,形状因子由0.71上升到0.82;与传统压铸合金相比,流变压铸合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了15%和75%。结论 ACSR流变压铸工艺可以制备出组织细小圆整且力学性能高的铸件。     

双螺杆机械搅拌半固态镁合金的组织与性能

采用双螺杆机械搅拌制浆机和半固态流变压铸成形工艺制备AZ91D镁合金半固态浆料,研究了材料性能与微观组织之间的关系．结果表明,随着镁液的浇注温度或搅拌机简体温度的降低,半固态浆料的固相率越高,初生α-Mg相晶粒变得更细小和圆整,简体温度比镁液浇注温度的影响更显著．当浆料固相率控制在30％-45％时,半固态流变压铸成形镁合金铸件具有较高的抗拉强度和延伸率;随着晶粒平均尺寸的增加,材料的力学性能逐渐降低．提出了高剪切速率下流变压铸成形非枝晶组织的形成机理．     

ZL201合金半固态压铸成形过程数值模拟

为了解半固态压铸过程中浆料充型规律及其流动特点，本文采用AnyCasting铸造仿真软件特有的半固态触变功能模块(Bingham粘度模型)对半固态ZL201铝合金的触变充型过程进行数值模拟，研究慢、快压射速度及切换时间对半固态触变压铸充型过程的影响，对最优充型条件下的铸件微观组织及力学性能进行模拟研究，并进行试验对比.数值模拟结果显示，ZL201合金半固态触变压铸成形在浆料温度600 ℃、模具温度240 ℃时、低速压射速度0.1 m/s、且在1.5 s后进行速度切换、高速压射速度为1 m/s时，所得铸件维氏硬度最大可达72HV，平均抗拉强度为208 MPa.按照该工艺条件成型的成形件显微组织致密，测得其平均抗拉强度为212.5 MPa、平均硬度值为70.8HV, 性能较高，与模拟结果符合较好.     

ZL201合金的半固态成形组织和力学性能

制备ZL201合金半固态坯料、将其二次加热、触变模锻成形以及成形件热处理,研究了工艺条件对成形件的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:采用近液相线半连续铸造技术制备的ZL201合金半固态坯料微观组织为大量细小的等轴晶和少量短程枝晶;在适当的工艺条件(在640℃保温5 min,模具温度250～300℃,留模时间10～15 s)下可触变成形出表面光洁的ZL201合金成形件;经过T5处理后,ZL201合金的抗拉强度达到278 MPa,延伸率达到9%,大大高于压铸成形件的性能,其强化相为CuAl2和TiAl3.由于成形速度高,溶体高速充型,造成成形件气孔率高,使ZL201合金半固态压铸成形的组织致密度不如半固态模锻成形件,这是半固态压铸件强度低、模锻件强度高的主要原因.     

半固态A356铝合金浆料的充填行为及组织分布

采用流变压铸方法研究了低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌制备的半固态A356铝合金浆料的充填行为和组织分布,结果表明：采用该技术制备的半固态A356铝合金浆料,其组织形态优良,经过感应均热后,浆料内部的温度场分布均匀,初生α—Al晶粒更圆整．半固态A356铝合金的浆料温度、压射比压和冲头速度对浆料的充填行为有较大的影响．较高的浆料温度、压射比压和冲头速度都有利于半固态铝合金浆料的充填．在本文的实验条件下,合适的浆料温度为585-595℃,压射比压为15-25MPa,冲头速度为0．072-0．12m／s．得到的流变压铸件的组织分布均匀,无明显的固液相偏析．     

半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金的新型流变成形

采用新型流变成形技术,研究了压射比压与压射速度对半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金流变压铸过程的影响．结果表明：将低过热度浇注与短时弱电磁搅拌相结合,能制备出均匀的半固态AlSi7Mg铝合金浆料,适合流变压铸,流变成型参数范围较宽,有利于提高压铸件的质量．试片的壁厚、压射比压和压射速度都对半固态AlSi7Mg合金浆料的充填性有较大的影响．对于10mm的试片,压射比压应〉15MPa,压射速度应≥0．384m／s;而对于5mm的试片,压射比压应≥20MPa,压射速度应≥1．152m／s．     

A357铝合金半固态流变压铸成形组织工艺研究

介绍了一种实验室自行研制的半固态浆料制备及流变成形设备,该设备主要由熔炼炉、剪切制浆装置、温度控制系统、气体保护装置、连接装置及压铸系统组成.研究了在不同工艺条件下通过该流变成形设备制备A357铝合成形件的组织特点.探讨了半固态流变压铸过程中的凝固行为.实验结果表明:通过该实验设备能有效的消除普通铸造中出现的粗大树枝晶,制备出细小、圆整且均匀分布的半固态组织,而且能消除铸件中的气孔和显微疏松.剪切速率的增大有利于半固态A357铝合金初生α1-Al晶粒的形成及球化.在半固态浆料制备过程中,以初生α1-Al晶粒的形成为主;在随后的压铸过程中,则以较为细小的二次凝固α2-Al晶粒的形成为主.     

铝合金压铸工艺数值模拟分析

采用压铸工艺成形铝合金薄壁长轴类零件。首先根据压铸模具浇注系统的设计原则,对铝合金件压铸模的浇注系统进行了设计计算;其次运用procast软件对铝合金压铸成形工艺进行数值模拟,根据压铸过程中的温度场云图,进行了压铸模具的热平衡分析和压铸件的充型凝固分析;最后针对模拟的结果进行了压铸模具的设计。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.