层状复合陶瓷材料的研究现状与发展趋势

层状复合陶瓷材料是目前陶瓷增韧的最有效途径之一,有着广泛的应用前景,是陶瓷增韧研究的热点,近年来发展很快。综述了层状复合陶瓷材料的起源、设计及国内外的研究现状,展望了层状复合陶瓷材料未来的发展方向。     

Al2O3基陶瓷材料增韧的研究进展

Al_2O_3基陶瓷材料具有高的化学稳定性,有较好的应用前景,但其脆性限制了它的推广应用,对氧化铝陶瓷进行增韧是解决其脆性问题的一条重要途径。简要介绍了目前氧化铝陶瓷的增韧方法和增韧机理,综述了氧化铝陶瓷增韧的研究现状,分析了氧化铝陶瓷增韧研究中存在的主要问题,展望了氧化铝陶瓷增韧的发展方向,提出了原位生长及复合增韧是高性能Al_2O_3基陶瓷材料的研究重点。     

层状复合陶瓷增韧机理的数值模拟

基于多层梁模型，在考虑材料非均匀性的基础上，采用有限元数值模拟的方法研究了层状复合陶瓷的断裂行为．给出了复合陶瓷模型在三点弯曲的加载条件下，裂纹拐折和扩展的过程，验证了层状复合陶瓷的主要增韧机理：裂纹沿软层界面拐折耗能．在此基础上，研究了不同参数条件下，层状复合陶瓷韧性的变化规律．     

层状复合陶瓷断裂特性

层状复合是一种新型陶瓷增韧构型。本文着重讨论了层状复合陶瓷断裂特性，包括几种主要的增韧机制的分析和影响因素的讨论。     

层状复合陶瓷断裂特性

层状复合是一种新型陶瓷增韧构型。本文着重讨论了层状复合陶瓷断裂特性，包括几种主要的增韧机制的分析和影响因素和讨论。     

纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷在牙科上的应用发展

纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷由于具有良好的相变增韧性能而被作为新型义齿材料。本文介绍了被广泛应用于牙科界的两种纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷及其制备方法：纳米增韧复合陶瓷（ZTA）、四方相氧化锆多晶体（TZP）,以及纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷的增韧机理与机制;概述了氧化锆复合陶瓷在牙科的研究现状以及氧化锆复合陶瓷材料的发展前景及应用限制。     

碳纳米管增强陶瓷材料机理研究现状

碳纳米管作为一维纳米材料,不仅重量轻,还具有强度高、韧性高等优异的力学性能,与工程结构陶瓷材料复合能够强韧化陶瓷材料的力学性能,被认为是现代结构陶瓷复合材料的理想增强体。在综合了近年碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料的理论及实验方面研究结果的基础上,侧重介绍了碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料的强韧化机理,如细化晶粒增韧、短纤维增韧、碳纳米管独特的坍塌增韧、多壁碳纳米管抽出增韧机制,并讨论了采用剪切滞后理论模型对碳纳米管与陶瓷基体的微观界面结合力学性能模拟的研究结果。分析了国内外碳纳米管在陶瓷基体中强韧化机理的实验及模拟研究结果,总结了当前碳纳米管增强陶瓷复合材料的研究困境与存在的问题,并指出了今后理论和实验研究的方向。     

常压烧结ZTM／Al2O3复合陶瓷的力学性能

采用干法成型、常压烧结工艺制得致密的ＺＴＭ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合陶瓷材料。通过引入大颗粒的氧化铝，使ＺＴＭ陶瓷（氧化锆增韧莫来石陶瓷）的力学性能有明显提高。组成２０Ｖｏｌ．％Ａｌ２Ｏ３－２０Ｖｏｌ．％ＺｒＯ２－ｍｕｌｌｉｔｅ陶瓷材料，其断裂韧性为６．０６ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２，抗弯强度为４０３ＭＰａ。实验结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３的弥散强化和ＺｒＯ２的相变增韧及微裂纹增韧是ＺＴＭ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的主要增韧机理。     

SiC陶瓷增韧的研究进展

碳化硅陶瓷以其优异的性能被广泛利用于各种领域，但其脆性限制了其性能的发挥，因此其增韧技术得到广泛研究并取得良好效果。综合评述了碳化硅陶瓷增韧机理和增韧方法的研究进展，包括晶须或纤维增韧、颗粒弥散增韧、表面改性技术增韧、自增韧、层状结构复合增韧的增韧机理和方法进。     

陶瓷晶界应力设计

陶瓷材料的脆性一直是研究者们之为困扰的问题。在改进陶瓷材料的脆性上，经过近２０年的努力，在多相复合陶瓷的强化与增韧以及氧化锆的相变增韧等方面均取得了显著的效果，但是仍然未能在本质上解决陶瓷材料的脆性问题。本文提出对陶瓷材料的晶界应力进行设计，通过在陶瓷体内的应力作用来造成一个可以转移、消耗和吸收外来能量的机制，以达到本质上解决陶瓷材料的脆性问题。     

SiC-BN层状陶瓷复合材料叠层方式优化设计

层状陶瓷复合材料可有效提高纯陶瓷材料的韧性,受到研究者的广泛关注。在材料设计阶段,通过优化叠层方式可显著提高层状陶瓷的力学性能。然而,在现有研究中缺乏叠层方式的优化设计方法。本研究采用基于复合梁模型的遗传算法得到了最优层厚比;针对SiC-BN层状陶瓷复合材料5∶ 1、10∶ 1和梯度体三种铺层形式采用流延成型结合无压烧结法进行材料制备,并进行了完好试件和含缺口试件的三点弯曲试验;基于宏观损伤分析对其增韧机制进行了分析。试验结果表明:通过解析方法计算得到的最优梯度体层状陶瓷的弯曲强度达到434.5 MPa。其力学性能相比于固定层厚比铺层方式有较大提高,同时还保持了较高的缺陷不敏感特性。进一步分析表明:受拉部分分布的较多软层和受压部分分布的较厚硬层是梯度体结构较好性能的重要原因。      

层状复合陶瓷强韧化机制及其优化设计因素

层状复合是一种新型的陶瓷复合构型, 具有提高断裂韧性和强度的优异特性, 对优化陶瓷的显微结构和机械性能十分有效本文从层状复合界面结构出发, 综合评述了层状复合陶瓷的强韧化机制, 讨论基体单层强度、厚度, 界面的厚度和粘接强度等因素对断裂韧性等性能的影响, 探讨层状复合陶瓷的优化设计思路     

增强体含量对SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料强韧性的影响

采用流延-化学气相渗透(TC-CVI)工艺制备SiC晶须(SiC_W)/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料,研究了SiC_W含量对层状陶瓷复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响,探讨了SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料的强韧化机制。结果表明:TC-CVI工艺能够有效提高复合材料中晶须含量(40vol%),减少制备过程对晶须损伤,所制备的SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料具有合适的层内及层间界面结合强度。随着SiC_W含量增加,层状陶瓷复合材料的密度和力学性能均有明显提高。含40vol%晶须的SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料的密度、弯曲强度和断裂韧性均比含25vol%晶须的分别提高了8.4%、30.8%和26.7%。断口形貌中能够观察到层间及层内的裂纹偏转,层内的裂纹桥接和晶须拔出等,这些为主要的增韧机制。高含量SiC_W及合适的层间和层内界面结合强度,对提高SiC_W/SiC层状陶瓷复合材料强韧性有明显作用。     

Composites in context

The large scale social changes which influence the development of new materials are reviewed and the new materials and processing methods being developed in response to these are described and contrasted with some recent advances in composite materials science.The particular technologies described are injection casting and superplastic forming, high temperature reinforcement by in situ composites and mechanical alloying. Aluminium lithium alloys are compared with carbon fibre reinforced plastics and with SiC reinforced aluminium. The reasons for the interest in new ceramic materials are reviewed and methods used to toughen ceramics are explained. Fibretoughening i is the most effective. Finally the properties of the newest composites containing carbon fibres in thermoplastic matrices are reviewed.     

陶瓷基复合材料循环疲劳的研究

本文对陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳研究现状及发展趋势进行了最新述评。主要内容有:非相变增韧陶瓷、相变增韧陶瓷、晶须(或纤维)增强陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳行为和疲劳裂纹扩展机理。最后,还对进一步研究陶瓷基复合材料的循环疲劳特性提出了一些粗浅的看法。     

Polymer Derived Engineering Ceramics

Engineering ceramics in the system Si–O–C–N–B manufactured from preceramic silicon containing polymers gain in significance with increasing availability of advanced precursor materials such as poly(carbosilane), ‐(silazane), ‐(siloxane) or ‐(borosilazane). While high temperature resistant Si–C and Si–N ceramic fibers are already used to reinforce ceramic matrix composites (CMC) in air‐ and spacecraft structures, novel products such as coatings, tapes, foams, and complex shaped components for medium and low temperature applications in the fields of energy, environmental, transportation, and communication technologies become more important in the future. Preceramic polymers offer the possibility of using versatile plastic shaping technologies as well as advanced laminated object manufacturing techniques. Properties can be varied in a wide range by tailoring the molecular structure and composition of the precursor polymer and by loading the polymer with intert or reactive filler powders. Partial conversion of the organic polymer into organic/inorganic hybrid materials yields novel materials which exhibit properties between polymers and ceramics.     

From micro to nano: properties and potential applications of micro- and nano-filled polymer ceramic composites in microsystem technology

In microsystem technology, four important material classes are established either for the generation or the replication of microstructured surfaces: silicon, polymers, metals and ceramics. Composite materials consisting of a polymer matrix and ceramic fillers show improved thermomechanical properties in comparison to polymers and can be introduced as a new additional material class. The substitution of micro-sized ceramic fillers by nano-sized ceramics in composites has a strong influence on the composite's physical properties: the reduction of ceramic particle size down to the nanometre scale results in an improved sinter activity owing to the large surface area. The fabrication of dense ceramics is simplified and can be used for a rapid prototyping of microstructured ceramic parts. The addition of nano-sized ceramics with particle sizes of <40 nm to polymers allows the manufacturing of transparent polymer based composites with modified refractive indices for use in polymer waveguides. The influence of the ceramic particle size, the ceramic content and different dispersion methods on the composite's physical properties are discussed.     

碳模板转化法制备管状SiC/Si复合陶瓷

利用纸作为原材料,通过卷曲、树脂浸渍、碳化预制备出具有层状结构的管状碳模板,之后在1550℃通过原位反应液相渗Si0.5-1h,在常压烧结条件下制备出具有层状结构特征的SiC/Si管状陶瓷复合材料.采用XRD、SEM对碳模板反应前后的物相变化和显微结构进行了研究.结果表明了该材料的最终产物为β-SiC和Si,且两者分布表现出明显的交替成层现象,呈现出层状陶瓷的结构特征.     

Research Progress of Laminated Composite Ceramic Cutting Tools

The design of the lamination structure based on bionic shell pearl layer is a successful method for toughening ceramics. Lamination with strong bonding interfaces is used to improve the mechanical property and low fracture toughness of ceramic cutting tools. Based on the idea of demand–design–preparation–analysis–failure, the development and research progress of laminated ceramic tools are reviewed herein. The research status of design, interlayer diffusion reaction, residual stress, toughening mechanism, and crack propagation path of the biomimetic laminated ceramic composite tool materials is mainly introduced. The major topics of current research include the creation of material systems, the evolution of microstructure, and the assessment of macroscopic mechanical properties. The entire mechanical properties of laminated ceramic tools are significantly influenced by the multicomposition design of the ceramic material system and the optimization design of structural parameters of layer number and layer thickness ratio. However, the research on the practical cutting application of laminated ceramic tools is limited. Cutting tool wear characteristics vary between laminated and homogeneous ceramic tools. The development of useful laminated ceramic cutting tools can greatly benefit from the study on failure mechanisms of laminated ceramic tools.     

Characterization of the Reaction Products That Develop in the Processing of Al2O3/BaZrO3 Laminated Composites

The absence of a chemical reaction at an interface is conventionally thought to be an important criterion in producing a tough ceramic matrix composite (CMC). As a result of this criterion, interphases in CMCs were chosen on the basis of their chemical reactivity. A weak interface results in crack deflection, crack bridging, and, in fiber-reinforced ceramics, fiber pullout, resulting in an increased fracture toughness. In this paper, we present microstructural observations on alumina (Al₂O₃)–barium zirconate (BaZrO₃) laminated composites wherein the reaction products that develop during processing resulted in sharp interfaces and appear to be weak enough to deflect cracks. These in situ reaction products in Al₂O₃–BaZrO₃ laminated composites were characterized with the use of a scanning electron microscope, an electron microprobe, and a transmission electron microscope. The phases that develop, ZrO₂, BaO·Al₂O₃, and BaO·6 Al₂O₃, produced sharp interfaces and are arranged in a sequence that could be predicted by using information from the phase diagram.