基于HFC网络上行信道CDMA-预约ALOHA多接入方式吞吐量分析

为了在HFC网络上实现交互式业务,人们对基于HFC网络的介质访问协议进行了广泛的研究.已出现的几种基于HFC的MAC协议基本上都采用了竞争与预约相结合的访问机制.基于CDMA的HFC是新一代的HFC系统.本文提出了一种基于CDMA的双向HFC网络竞争与预约相结合的上行信道多址接入方式.并且为该协议系统建立了四状态Markov链分析模型,对该协议进行了性能分析,并给出了计算机实验结果与分析.     

基于HFC网络上信道CDAM—预约ALOHA多接入方式吞吐量分析

为了在HFC网络上实现交互式业务,人们对基于HFC网络的介质访问协议进行了广泛的研究,已出现的几种基于HFC的MAC协议基本上都采用了竞争与预约相结合的访问机制,基于CDMA的HFC是新一代的HFC系统。本文提出了一种基于CDMA的双向HFC网络竞争与预约相结合的上行信道多址接入方式,并且为该协议系统建立了四状态Markov链分析模型,对该协议进行了性能分析,并给出了计算机实验结果与分析。     

基于IEEE 802.11的多信道多址接入协议性能分析

 本文对一种基于IEEE 802.11 DCF协议多信道多址接入方案的性能进行了分析,在该接入方案中,节点在公共的控制信道上预约数据信道,随后在预约成功的数据信道上,进行数据分组的传输.本文采用马尔科夫链构建了控制信道的预约模型,给出了多信道吞吐量的理论分析算法.最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析结果与仿真结果的一致性,并给出了信道吞吐量与信道数、数据分组长度、节点密度、信道切换时延等参数之间的数值关系.     

基于IEEE 802.11的多信道多址接人协议性能分析

本文对一种基于IEEE802.11 DCF协议多信道多址接入方案的性能进行了分析,在该接入方案中,节点在公共的控制信道上预约数据信道,随后在预约成功的数据信道上,进行数据分组的传输.本文采用马尔科夫链构建了控制信道的预约模型,给出了多信道吞吐量的理论分析算法.最后,通过仿真验证了理论分析结果与仿真结果的一致性,并给出了信道吞吐量与信道数、数据分组长度、节点密度、信道切换时延等参数之间的数值关系.     

基于多信道预约的传感器网络MAC协议研究

针对传感器网络中三重隐终端问题,提出了一种基于自适应占空比的多信道MAC协议—MCR,MCR通过多信道预约机制高效地解决了该问题。在理论分析中,通过最小化节点平均信道切换次数的下界得出了节点的最优占空比。为验证MCR中多信道预约和自适应占空比机制的性能,进行了模拟和真实实验,实验结果表明,与其他MAC协议相比,随着信道数及网络负载的增加,MCR提高了网络吞吐量,降低了传输所消耗的能量。     

基于多信道预约可冲突避免的多址接入协议

本文为多跳分布多无线网络提出了一套灵活而有效的自适应获取冲突避免（AACA）的多址接入协议。在该协议中，各节点竞争公共信道，利用RTS/CTS对话形式来预约各业务信道，成功预约后的分组传输不会受到其他节点的干扰。它使用任意确定数目信道，以异步方式工作，并且使得各节点利用半双工无线电台就可以灵活、简便地实现资源预约。分析和比较结果说明，所提出的多信道预约协议可以有效地解决隐藏终端、暴露终端以及侵入终端的问题。     

一种基于服务质量(QoS)的分组预约多址协议

本文从用户角度和实际通信情况考虑,提出了一种基于服务质量的分组预约多址协议（ＥＴ－ＰＲＭＡ）。该方法利用用户信息之间的相关性,适当地调整分组预约多址（ＰＲＭＡ）协议中的话音用户再次竞争信道的概率,提高ＰＲＭＡ系统中话音终端获取信道的速度,从而达到提高话音业务性能,从计算机仿真的结果看,该方法对提高ＰＲＭＡ系统中话音业务的性能确有帮助。     

基于动态控制信道的认知无线电网络MAC协议

在认知无线电网络中,MAC协议主要用于信道资源的感知、选择以及接入控制从而保证公平性和有效的资源共享。针对认知无线电网络基于控制信道的研究现状,文中在认知无线电网络分布式多信道MAC(CR-MMAC)协议的基础上,引入同步机制,不等待传输机制和不重申机制,提出一种基于动态公共控制信道的认知无线电网络MAC(CR-DCMAC)协议。它能够减少信道资源开支,降低控制信道上的控制分组量。仿真结果表明,CR-DCMAC协议能提高系统总吞吐量和空闲频谱资源的利用率,综合性能优于CR-MMAC协议。     

无线ATM通信网多址访问协议与信道动态分配算法研究

本文为无线ATM通信网提出了可支持话音、数据和图像业务的多址访问控制协议(MAC)和信道动态分配(DCA)算法.所提出的正交码预约多址访问协议(ORMA)可避免各终端在预约竞争时发生碰撞,提高信道利用率.同时,还提出了一种突发业务信道动态分配算法(DCA-BT),ORMA与DCA-BT相结合能有效地提高系统内多媒体业务的质量和信道利用率,增大系统容量,支持多种业务在无线ATM通信网中的应用.     

无线ATM通信网多址访问协议与信道动态分配算法研究

本文为无线ATM通信网提出了可支持话音、数据和图像业务的多址访问控制协议(MAC)和信道动态分配(DCA)算法.所提出的正交码预约多址访问协议(ORMA)可避免各终端在预约竞争时发生碰撞,提高信道利用率.同时,还提出了一种突发业务信道动态分配算法(DCA-BT),ORMA与DCA-BT相结合能有效地提高系统内多媒体业务的质量和信道利用率,增大系统容量,支持多种业务在无线ATM通信网中的应用.     

ATMAC: adaptive token‐based medium access control protocol for cognitive radio wireless mesh network

In next generation wireless communication, cognitive radio technology facilitates to utilize underutilized licensed frequency bands that help to enhance the spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio wireless mesh network (CRWMN) is a promising and reliable technology to experience high throughput with low cost. Existing IEEE 802.11 based medium access control (MAC) protocols offer high data rates with decreasing efficiency at the MAC layer. Hence, most of the researchers applied aggregation mechanisms to provide the solution to bandwidth craving applications. In CRWMN, MAC design is significant because stability, efficient resource utilization, and scalability are predominating problems; however, the specified MAC issues are not yet resolved. The proposed MAC is novel, which aims to ensure reliability and scalability for CRWMN. The common control channel is used to exchange handshaking frames between the transmitter and receiver. It helps us to schedule the data transmission as well as reserve the channel in a discrete time interval. It introduces a token‐based channel accessing mechanism with resource‐aware channel assignment, which resolves the problems of efficiency and stability. The proposed MAC simulated using the network simulator (ns‐2), and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol improved the performance compared with the existing protocols.     

RIM-MAC：一种适用于水下传感网接收者发起的多会话MAC协议

声通信是水下传感网的主要通信方式之一,但是它具有长延迟和低带宽的特点,这是水下传感网MAC（media access control）协议研究面临的主要挑战。为提高网络吞吐量,提出了一种接收者发起的多会话MAC协议（RIM-MAC）。它利用接收者发起会话,通过一次会话的4次握手完成所有邻居数据分组的传输,有效地减少握手次数。同时利用侦听到的本地信息（邻居延迟图和邻居的传输调度）避免信道冲突并发起多个会话,这解决了长传播延迟带来的信道利用率低的问题。RIM-MAC通过增强节点间并行传输的能力,在接收者和发送者两端提高时空复用率,与经典水下MAC协议比,网络吞吐量提高了至少36%。除此之外,基于自适应数据轮询策略提出了一种网络负载公平算法（FTA）,它保证了网络中竞争节点间的信道访问的公平性。仿真实验表明,在长传播延迟的场景下,RIM-MAC取得了比典型的水下传感网MAC协议更好的吞吐量性能。     

Performance analysis of adaptive MAC protocol in VANETs considering the potential impact on throughput and transmission delays

The existing adaptive multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks can adjust themselves according to different vehicular traffic densities. These protocols can increase throughput and guarantee a bounded transmission delay for real‐time safety applications. However, the optimized control channel interval is computed based on the maximum throughput while ignoring the strict safety packet transmission delay requirements. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the throughput and strict safety packet transmission delay with adaptive multichannel MAC protocols, such as connectivity‐aware MAC (CA MAC), adaptive multi‐priority distributed MAC (APDM), multi‐priority supported p‐persistent MAC (MP MAC), and variable control channel interval MAC (VCI) protocols. The performance and analysis results show that: (a) under a low data rate condition, CA MAC does not guarantee a strict safety packet transmission delay; (b) APDM not only satisfies the safety packet transmission requirement, but also provides the lowest safety packet transmission delay; (c) under a high data rate condition, we suggest APDM for use as an adaptive MAC protocol because it allows for high throughput for nonsafety packets and preserves low safety packet transmission delay; (d) under a low data rate condition with various data packet sizes, we suggest MP MAC for high throughput, which satisfies the safety packet transmission requirement; and (e) under low vehicle density and low data rate conditions, VCI can support high throughput. A balance between transmission delay and throughput must be considered to improve the optimal efficiency, reliability, and adaptability.     

A hybrid multi-channel MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks

In a regular wireless ad hoc network, the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol coordinates channel access among nodes, and the throughput of the network is limited by the bandwidth of a single channel. The multi-channel MAC protocols can exploit multiple channels to achieve high network throughput by enabling more concurrent transmissions. In this paper, we propose a hybrid and adaptive protocol, called H-MMAC, which utilizes multi-channel resources more efficiently than other multi-channel MAC protocols. The main idea is to adopt the IEEE 802.11 Power Saving Mechanism and to allow nodes to transmit data packets while other nodes try to negotiate the data channel during the Ad hoc Traffic Indication Message window based on the network traffic load. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed H-MMAC protocol improves the network performance significantly in terms of the aggregate throughput, average delay, fairness and energy efficiency.     

Cross-Layer Based Opportunistic MAC Protocols for QoS Provisionings Over Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks

We propose the cross-layer based opportunistic multi-channel medium access control (MAC) protocols, which integrate the spectrum sensing at physical (PHY) layer with the packet scheduling at MAC layer, for the wireless ad hoc networks. Specifically, the MAC protocols enable the secondary users to identify and utilize the leftover frequency spectrum in a way that constrains the level of interference to the primary users. In our proposed protocols, each secondary user is equipped with two transceivers. One transceiver is tuned to the dedicated control channel, while the other is designed specifically as a cognitive radio that can periodically sense and dynamically use the identified un-used channels. To obtain the channel state accurately, we propose two collaborative channel spectrum-sensing policies, namely, the random sensing policy and the negotiation-based sensing policy, to help the MAC protocols detect the availability of leftover channels. Under the random sensing policy, each secondary user just randomly selects one of the channels for sensing. On the other hand, under the negotiation-based sensing policy, different secondary users attempt to select the distinct channels to sense by overhearing the control packets over the control channel. We develop the Markov chain model and the M/G^Y/1-based queueing model to characterize the performance of our proposed multi-channel MAC protocols under the two types of channel-sensing policies for the saturation network and the non-saturation network scenarios, respectively. In the non-saturation network case, we quantitatively identify the tradeoff between the aggregate traffic throughput and the packet transmission delay, which can provide the insightful guidelines to improve the delay-QoS provisionings over cognitive radio wireless networks.     

一种WLAN中认知无线电MAC协议的改进

针对认知无线电网络(Cognitive Radio Networks,CRN)特性,提出一种认知无线电MAC协议,该协议通过在认知节点对之间选择最优的信道进行数据传输,当最优信道被主用户占用以后,自动切换到次优信道进行通信,以提高通信成功的概率,达到增大吞吐量的目的。性能分析表明,该MAC协议相对IEEE802.11MAC协议,在吞吐量方面有一定的提高。     

面向应用的车载自组织网络跨层多信道MAC协议

提出了一种面向应用的车载网络跨层多信道MAC协议。对来自应用层不同类型的消息进行实时统计,预测出最优控制信道周期,确保控制信道上安全消息的及时、可靠传输,同时采用预约机制实现消息在服务信道上的无竞争传输,提高服务信道的吞吐量。本协议适合饱和与非饱和的一般VANET环境,具有较低的计算复杂度,扩展性较好。与现存的其他协议相比较,仿真结果证实了所提协议的优越性。     

Saturation throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11 in the presence of non ideal transmission channel and capture effects

In this paper, we provide a saturation throughput analysis of the IEEE 802.11 protocol at the data link layer by including the impact of both transmission channel and capture effects in Rayleigh fading environment. Impacts of both non-ideal channel and capture effects, specially in an environment of high interference, become important in terms of the actual observed throughput. As far as the 4-way handshaking mechanism is concerned, we extend the multi-dimensional Markovian state transition model characterizing the behavior at the MAC layer by including transmission states that account for packet transmission failures due to errors caused by propagation through the channel. This way, any channel model characterizing the physical transmission medium can be accommodated, including AWGN and fading channels. We also extend the Markov model in order to consider the behavior of the contention window when employing the basic 2-way handshaking mechanism. Under the usual assumptions regarding the traffic generated per node and independence of packet collisions, we solve for the stationary probabilities of the Markov chain and develop expressions for the saturation throughput as a function of the number of terminals, packet sizes, raw channel error rates, capture probability, and other key system parameters. The theoretical derivations are then compared to simulation results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed models.     

Cognitive radio intelligent-MAC (CR-i-MAC): channel-diverse contention free approach for spectrum management

Cognitive radio was introduced to fill up the imbalance between spectrum scarcity and spectrum underutilization. So to make such an ideology work, a network which can utilize all the available channel in the best efficient manner, without causing any harmful interface to primary user (PU) and maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS) for cognitive user (CU) is required. In both Mesh as well as ad-hoc networks, effective utilization of the white-spaces by the CUs maintaining the QoS for both primary and CU is a challenging task due to the frequent and instant change in their channel status. In this paper an intelligent-MAC (i-MAC) for cognitive radio (CR) using two transceivers based on hybrid approach of combination of cooperative decision and contention-free approach is proposed. Cooperative decision, to overcome hidden node or the case when there is no common channel between the CU’s and contention-free approach, to solve the issues in contention mechanism, where same channel is selected simultaneously by multiple CU’s. Proposed CR-i-MAC permits an effective dynamic spectrum access to CUs without effecting the QoS for PU’s. The simulative performance analysis of proposed CR-i-MAC is tested in various critical cases like multi-channel single-radio and multi-channel multi-radio over different on demand routing protocols like dynamic source routing, ad-hoc on demand distance vector and weighted cumulative expected transmission time using network simulator (NS-2). The performance of the network is measured on the basis of parameters like throughput, delay and interference. The analysis of the simulation results shows that the proposed CR-i-MAC outperforms various other CR MAC’s in terms of both increased throughput and reduced delays thereby making the system stable and efficient.     

基于网络分割的无线传感器网络多信道MAC协议

无线传感器网络中,可用正交信道数目较少和噪声干扰问题制约着多信道MAC协议性能的提升,结合数据采集应用的特点,提出一种基于网络分割的多信道MAC协议。在最小化网络总干扰值的基础上,网络分割引入碰撞因子进一步优化子树结构、降低树内干扰。并利用基于图着色理论的分配策略为每棵子树分配一条高质量信道。仿真实验结果表明,该协议显著提高了网络吞吐量,并且大幅降低了传输延迟和分组丢失率。