二羟基廿二酸的抗磨作用机理

四球机磨损试验表明,二羟基廿二酸具有良好的抗磨性,与传统的抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)比较接近。C22酸的抗磨性优劣次序为13,14－二羟基廿二酸(DHDA)＞13(14)－羟基廿二酸(MHDA) ＞廿二酸(DA),表明羟基的引入能显著地提高基础油的抗磨性。红外光谱说明DHDA和MHDA可能与摩擦表面起摩擦化学反应形成聚酯。俄歇电子能谱分析揭示DHDA在摩擦表面形成富氧保护膜,这与IR分析结果二羟基廿二酸能形成含氧较高的网状聚酯膜相一致。初步结果说明了二羟基廿二酸通过形成摩擦聚合物膜而起抗磨作用。     

气相色谱法快速测定姬松茸中脂肪酸

采用气相色谱法（GC）分析姬松茸中脂肪酸组成,样品用氢氧化钾-甲醇法甲酯化,正己烷定容,氢火焰离子检测器（FID）检测,并用9种脂肪酸混标定性,归一化法计算含量。结果显示姬松茸中脂肪酸主要有十二烷酸（月桂酸）、十四烷酸（肉豆蔻酸）、十六烷酸（棕榈酸）、十八烷酸（硬脂酸）、十八碳烯酸（油酸）、十八碳二烯酸（亚油酸）、十八碳三烯酸（亚麻酸）、二十烷酸（花生酸）等8种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸占总量的79.493%。该方法测定姬松茸中脂肪酸成分,方便、快速、准确。     

超细化石墨在植物油中的摩擦学性能考察

通过四球机考查了超细氟化石墨在植物油（菜籽油、蓖麻油、大豆油）中的摩擦学特性，并与极压抗磨剂氯化石蜡（Ｔ３０２）、硫化异丁烯（Ｔ３２１）和ＺＤＴＰ（Ｔ２０２）相比较，结果表明：超细氟化石墨在植物油中具有优良的润滑性能，其摩擦性能明显优于Ｔ３２１和Ｔ３０２，其抗磨性比ＺＤＴＰ稍差，但含２％超细氟化石墨的矿油的抗磨性和承载能力相当或优于植物油。     

几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的润滑行为研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机,考察了实验室合成的几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的减摩抗磨和极压性能。试验结果表明：这些含氧添加剂具有一定的减摩抗磨能力,但对菜籽油的极压性能的没有影响。双羟基脂肪酸比单羟基脂肪酸的减摩抗磨效果更为明显;烷基链较长的羟基甘二酸比羟基十八酸的减摩抗磨性能略好。     

溴甲酚绿分光光度法测定多孔硝铵添加剂中的十八烷胺含量

溴甲酚绿分光光度法测定多孔硝铵添加剂中的十八烷胺含量孙德顺、别秀兰、佟春华、马树艳（黑龙江化工总厂１６１０４１）１引言十八烷胺是以动植物油所制备的硬脂酸和脂肪酸（十六烷基酸和十八烷基酸的混合物）为原料，经氨化脱水，加氢等反应所制成，该产品在多孔硝铵生...     

LC-MS/MS分析血浆中脂肪酸及代谢产物

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）同时测定血浆中脂肪酸花生四烯酸（AA）及其代谢产物13-羟基十八碳烯酸（13-HODE）和9-羟基十八碳烯酸（9-HODE）的方法。采用Strata-X固相萃取柱净化，BEH C18色谱柱分离，以乙腈 水为流动相，流速0.2 mL/min，等度洗脱；电喷雾离子源负离子模式和多反应监测模式定量。结果表明，3种物质在0.5~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为0.994 2~0.996 0；低、中、高3个加标水平的平均回收率为97.42%~101.46%；日内相对标准偏差为2.72%~6.11%，日间相对标准偏差为3.87%~6.39%；AA、13-HODE和9-HODE定量限分别为0.5、0.5、1.0 μg/L。该方法简单、灵敏、快速、可靠，可用于血浆中脂肪酸及其代谢产物的检测分析。     

双酚A型不饱和聚酯的耐化学腐蚀性能

以4,4′-(ββ′-二羟基二丙氧苯基)2,2-丙烷(简称D-33)为基的不饱和聚酯通常称之为双酚A型不饱和聚酯。这类聚酯由于分子结构中易被水解(或酸解、胺解、醇解)破坏的酯基浓度较小以及空间障碍等因素,使它们具有较一般通用型酯为良好的耐酸、碱等介质的腐蚀性能。通用型不饱和聚酯以聚邻苯二甲酸/反丁烯二酸丙二醇酯为例,其分子结构为:     

Ti6Al4V表面生物活性陶瓷涂层的摩擦学性能

人工合成的生物活性陶瓷被广泛应用于金属内植入体表面用以修复或置换缺损的骨组织。使用自制的往复试验机,在6.5 mm/s的滑动速度和不同载荷(1 N和2 N)下对溶胶-凝胶法制备的生物活性陶瓷羟基磷灰石(HAP∶Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)和二氧化钛涂层,以及羟基磷灰石/二氧化钛复合涂层进行了摩擦学性能的研究。结果显示,由不同工艺路线制备的HAP涂层的抗磨性有一定的差异,其中采用有机磷酯前驱体法制备的HAP涂层的抗磨性较好,但它们的抗磨性均差于二氧化钛涂层;羟基磷灰石/二氧化钛复合涂层的抗磨性与两者的复合方式有关,其中非晶态结构的复合涂层的抗磨性最佳。     

水溶性抗磨剂在水基切削液中的应用性试验研究

本文采用攻丝扭矩试验法，研究了两种具有优良的抗磨减摩等性能的水溶性抗磨剂（即长碳链烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷（硫）酸锌盐和脂肪酸钾盐）在切削液方面的应用性能。研究表明，WBC－1（含长碳链烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸锌盐）和WBC－2（含脂肪酸钾盐）水基切削液的切削性能略优于国内同类水基极压乳化液，稍逊于菜油切削油，但它的成本和清洗性大大优于菜油，具有较大的实用价值。     

纳微米硼酸盐添加剂与硫系添加剂复配的摩擦学性能研究

本文研究了纳微米硼酸盐添加剂（简称MB添加剂，下同）与SO复配体系的协同效应及其作用机理。结果表明：MB添加剂与SO复配体系的极压抗磨性具有协同效应。当WMB=0.40%时，极压抗磨性最好；摩擦改进剂ASBT对上述复配体系的抗磨性有较大改善。当WASBT－0．10－0．15％时，复配体系的抗磨性最好。在MB添加剂与SO复配体系油润滑条件下，摩擦表面生成了含元素C、S、B和N复杂摩擦化学反应膜；摩擦改进剂ASBT的加入，改变了摩擦化学反应膜的化学组成和摩擦表面形貌，提高了以应膜的承载能力和耐磨性。     

Functional mechanism of formation of friction polymer with dihydroxydocosanoic acid

The results of wear tests with a four-ball machine showed that dihydroxydocosanoic acid has good antiwear properties, comparatively approaching those of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP): the four-ball wear-scar diameters, d 30 min/294 N, with dihydroxydocosanoic acid, ZDDP, and 400 neutral base oil are 0.36, 0.35, and 0.62 mm, respectively. In order of effectiveness the antiwear ability of the C₂₂ acids is: 13,14-dihydroxydo-cosanoic acid (I) 13(14)-mono-hydroxydocosanoic acid (II) docosanoic acid (III), showing that their antiwear properties are remarkably improved after introduction of the hydroxy group into fatty acids. Work on dihydroxy acid as an antiwear agent is not much reported in the literature up to now. In the present work, it was verified with infrared spectroscopy that polyester is formed on the rubbing surfaces with I and II by tribochemical reaction. An oxygen-rich protective film on the rubbing surfaces was identified with Auger Electron Spectroscopy analysis. These results are identical to the high oxygen-containing polyester film shown by IR analysis. It is preliminarily confirmed that the functional antiwear mechanism is, principally, the formation of a polymeric friction film on the rubbing surfaces.     

Friction and wear behavior of thioether hydroxy vegetable oil

This work describes the tribochemical evaluation of vegetable oil based antiwear additive obtained through chemical modification. The Sulfur was incorporated using a chemical reaction of epoxidized vegetable oil and common thiols, resulting in formation of a hydroxy thioether derivative of vegetable oils. The synthesis retains the vegetable oil structure, eliminates poly-unsaturation in the molecule, and adds polar functional groups that significantly improve adsorption on metal surfaces. These additives are obtained by chemical modification of oils originated from natural resources. The tribochemical behavior of sulfur incorporated vegetable oil was studied by measuring friction coefficient using ball-on-disk configuration and wear scar diameter using four-ball configuration. Comparative tests with commercial antiwear additives demonstrate the effectiveness of these derivatives. The derivatives were found useful as agriculturally based antiwear additives for lubricant applications.     

高分辨质谱直接分析食用油中脂肪酸甘油酯

食用油中不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯的含量与人体健康密切相关,针对其建立快速有效的检测方法具有重要意义。本研究建立了一种可直接分析食用油中脂肪酸甘油酯的方法,采用大气压化学电离-高分辨质谱技术（APCI-HRMS）对食用油中脂肪酸甘油三酯及脂肪酸甘油二酯分子直接进样分析,在指纹区高分辨质谱数据的基础上,采用分解系数和平均不饱和度（DBE）对不同油品进行比较分析。结果表明,食用油与餐厨回收油及动物油具有明显差别,当分解系数大于10时,或DBE小于3时,可判断样品为餐厨回收油或动物油,利用这两个特征参数可成功地区分食用油与餐厨回收油样品。通过偏最小二乘法的分组验证,以及添加不同比例餐厨回收油的食用植物油样品分解系数和平均不饱和度的比较验证,表明该方法可便捷、准确地分析油品中脂肪酸甘油酯的含量变化,有望成为监测食用油品质的快速、有效的新型分析方法。     

深海鱼油,海豹油脂肪酸组份的分析研究

〕首先把深海鱼油、海豹油甲酯化,用石英毛细管色谱／质谱法测定两种油的脂肪酸组份。深海鱼油分离出二十七种脂肪酸,其不饱和脂肪酸含量为７０．１５％;海豹油分离出二十六种脂肪酸,其不饱和脂肪酸的含量为８５．２４％。两种油的主要不饱和脂肪酸均为：十六碳烯酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）、二十碳烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）、二十二碳五烯酸（ＤＰＡ）、二十二碳烯酸     

Lubricant Properties of ω − 1 Hydroxy Branched Fatty Acid-Containing Natural and Synthetic Lipids

Hydroxy fatty acids, such as those derived from castor and lesquerella seed oils, make ideal substrates for the synthesis of bio-lubricants, cosmetics, coatings, plastics, and lubricant additives. However, feedstocks of such fatty acids suffer from major drawbacks, such as a lack of a cropping system to produce those seeds or toxic by-products in generating the seed oil, all of which limit availability and thus add to costs. In this study, we explore lubrication properties of microbially derived hydroxy fatty acids and demonstrate that such microbial ω ? 1 hydroxy fatty acids, and their derivatives, exhibit lubrication traits (e.g., anti-friction and anti-wear properties) comparable to those of seed-derived hydroxy fatty acids. These ω ? 1 hydroxy fatty acids can be recovered from sophorolipids produced by the yeast Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, or by bioengineering bacterial systems to produce them from sugar (Garg et al. in Metab Eng 35:9–20, 2016). Optimization of this latter system can pave the way for a less costly and sustainable alternative to plant-derived bio-lubricants.     

Antiwear Properties of Phosphorous-Containing Compounds in Vegetable Oils

Antiwear properties of vegetable oils were investigated under boundary lubrication conditions using the four-ball wear test (ADTM D 4172). Additive-free vegetable oils exhibit similar antiwear properties, which are superior to those of additive-free mineral oils. Phosphorus-containing compounds such as zinc bis(dialkyldithiophosphate) and dialkyl phosphonates improve the antiwear properties of vegetable oils. The effect of the additives on wear reduction was found to depend on the peroxide value of the base oil. It is considered that peroxides decompose the antiwear additives to less active forms. The formation of peroxides by the autooxidation of vegetable oils was observed even at room temperature. Sunflower oil exhibits good oxidation stability, which may promise success in various applications.     

Tribological properties of oligomeric additives based on oligo-oxypropylene diamines

The findings of studies of the antifrictional, antiwear, and antiscoring properties of oligomeric additives based on oligooxypropylene diamide acids soluble in rapeseed oil are presented. It is established that each of the low-molecular oligomers in question improves considerably one of the three above tribological properties. The high-molecular oligomeric additive improves concurrently the antifrictional, antiwear, and antiscoring properties of rapeseed oil, allowing it to be recommended for use as a polyfunctional additive to technological greases based on vegetable oils for protecting metals against wear.     

Mixed Lubrication with C18 Fatty Acids: Effect of Unsaturation

In this paper, the lubrication mechanism of fatty acids is revisited with a new approach combining experimental and computational chemistry studies. The lubricating properties of single and mixtures of stearic, oleic and linoleic acids in a synthetic Poly-Alpha-Olefin base oil (PAO4) on iron oxide surface are investigated under mixed boundary regime with temperatures from 50 °C up to 150 °C. Low friction coefficient (about 0.055) with no visible wear is reported in the presence of single stearic acid at high temperature. This lubricating behavior is inhibited in the presence of unsaturated fatty acids highlighting an anti-synergic effect of a saturated/unsaturated mixture, especially at 150 °C. To understand the anti-synergic effect and the adsorption mechanism of these molecules, molecular dynamic (MD) and quantum chemistry simulations are performed to evaluate their diffusion coefficient in PAO4 and their adsorption mechanism on iron oxide at different temperatures. MD simulation results show a faster diffusion toward the surface for unsaturated fatty acids than for saturated fatty acid at all the studied temperatures. This means that unsaturated molecules arrive and mainly adsorb before stearic acid on the surface leading to a tribological behavior of the mixture characteristic of the unsaturated molecule. Computational chemistry suggests that all fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) adsorption mechanism is due to the chemisorption of the carboxylic group on iron oxide surface with no desorption up to 150 °C.