新型单组分室温交联苯丙乳液的合成及其在防锈涂料中的应用

合成了含有酮羰基和氨基的核壳结构的室温交联苯丙乳液,研究了缓冲层厚度、官能团单体用量对乳液性能及其涂膜性能的影响,当缓冲层与核层、壳层厚度比例为1∶1∶1,官能团单体甲基丙烯酰胺乙基乙撑脲(MAEEU)占壳层投料量的2%以及双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)占核层投料量的2%时,乳液有最佳的综合性能。用该乳液制备的水性防锈涂料涂膜与未交联涂膜相比有更好的防锈性能,涂膜耐3%盐水浸泡时间达720 h。     

自交联阳离子丙烯酸乳液对ADC12铝合金的钝化研究

目的 制备自交联阳离子丙烯酸乳液,提高ADC12铝合金表面树脂钝化膜的耐蚀性能.方法 丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,可聚合多羟基有机胺为功能单体,N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺(HEAA)为交联剂单体,使用半连续乳液聚合法制备自交联阳离子型聚丙烯酸酯乳液,并采用浸渍法在ADC12铝合金板上制备钝化膜.通过激光纳米粒度仪和示差扫描量热分析仪(DSC)对乳液进行表征.采用电化学Tafel极化曲线、交流阻抗(EIS)、硫酸铜点滴试验及中性盐雾试验,对比分析添加交联单体前后树脂钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能.结果 添加HEAA为交联单体制备自交联阳离子聚丙烯酸酯乳液,乳液平均粒径为88～96 nm,粒径分布均匀,并明显提高了聚丙烯酸酯乳液树脂的玻璃化温度.HEAA含量为2％时,乳液平均粒径为88 nm,粒径分布均匀,玻璃化温度提高了18.8℃,且钝化膜24 h中性盐雾试验后基本无腐蚀,腐蚀电流密度为2.609×10?7 A/cm2,腐蚀电位为?0.592 V,耐硫酸铜腐蚀时间为53 s.结论 交联单体HEAA的添加能够有效提高树脂钝化膜的交联密度,阻碍腐蚀介质的侵入,提高树脂钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能.     

Al2O3复合磨粒的制备及表征

为了提高Al2O3超微粉在水介质中的分散稳定性,先采用硅烷偶联剂KH570对Al2O3进行表面改性,再对Al2O3粒子锚固偶氮引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA),进而引发丙烯酰胺(AM)单体聚合而制备聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/Al2O3复合粒子。利用XPS、FT-IR、激光粒度仪、微电泳仪、分光光度计、SEM及XRD等对Al2O3复合粒子结构及分散性能等进行表征。结果表明:在40℃下加入水溶性偶氮引发剂,可以得到在水介质中分散稳定性良好,以聚丙烯酰胺为壳,以Al2O3为核的复合磨粒。与未改性的Al2O3超微粉相比,经AM接枝聚合改性后的颗粒表面团聚现象得到改善,颗粒的D50减小;接枝改性后Al2O3的等电点IEP发生迁移,在pH值为9时颗粒表面Zeta电位绝对值达到最大。     

聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液的制备及表面性能研究

目的制备性能优良的聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液。方法采用醋酸乙烯单体(VAc),通过乳液聚合的方法制备了聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液。对制备的乳液进行了固含量、黏度、吸水率等性能检测,考察了分散剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)的用量、引发剂过硫酸铵的用量、乳化剂OP-10的用量、反应初始温度对乳液性能的影响。结果聚乙烯醇(PVA)、过硫酸铵、OP-10乳化剂用量以及反应初始温度的不同对乳液的制备和性能都有不同的影响。反应初始温度70℃,聚乙烯醇用量为单体的8.8%、OP-10用量为单体质量的1.7%和过硫酸铵用量为单体质量的0.2%时,所制备的聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液的性能最好。结论在聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液聚合过程中,需要控制聚乙烯醇、OP-10和过硫酸铵的用量。     

环氧树脂/有机硅氧烷改性阳离子丙烯酸乳液复合涂层的研究

利用合成的有机硅氧烷改性的阳离子型丙烯酸(SMCWA)乳液中的胺基能够固化环氧树脂的原理,在碳钢板表面制备耐腐蚀环氧树脂/SMCWA乳液复合涂层。利用激光纳米粒度仪对SMCWA乳液粒径进行表征,使用Fourier变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合涂层进行结构和形貌分析,利用CuSO₄点滴、电化学测试和中性盐雾实验研究复合涂层的耐蚀能力。结果表明,合成的SMCWA乳液粒径小,分布均匀。相较于空白SMCWA乳液涂层,环氧树脂/SMCWA乳液复合涂层的致密性和耐腐蚀性均得到增强,其中环氧树脂/SMCWA乳液质量比为9.5/0.5的复合涂层,CuSO₄点滴时间提高了116 s,电化学阻抗提高了4倍,腐蚀电流密度下降了一个数量级,耐盐雾能力大幅增强。     

用简便方法以超支化聚酯为模板合成Cu-Ag合金（英文）

以超支化聚酯为模板,用抗坏血酸为还原剂合成了不同摩尔比的Cu-Ag粒子。用第1代超支化聚酯为核,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为支化单体,通过逐步聚合反应合成了第3代的超支化聚酯。合成的超支化聚酯和Cu-Ag合金用红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振普,紫外光谱(UV-vis),X射线衍射(XRD),能量分散X射线分析(EDX)和激光粒度分析等手段进行表征。XRD和EDX研究确认了Cu-Ag合金的形成。激光粒度仪,扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究表明Cu-Ag合金的平均粒径为120nm,并且具有很好的分散性。热性能用热重分析(TGA)进行了表征,结果显示测量值和理论值相近。     

用简便方法以超支化聚酯为模板合成Cu-Ag合金

以超支化聚酯为模板,用抗坏血酸为还原剂合成了不同摩尔比的Cu-Ag 粒子。用第一代超支化聚酯为核,2, 2-二羟甲基丙酸为支化单体,通过逐步聚合反应合成了第三代的超支化聚酯。合成的超支化聚酯和Cu-Ag合金用红外光谱（FT-IR）,核磁共振普（1H-NMR）,紫外光谱（UV-vis）,X-射线衍射（XRD）,能量分散X射线分析（EDX）和激光粒度分析等。XRD 和EDX研究确认了Cu-Ag合金的形成。激光粒度仪, 扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究表明Cu-Ag合金的平均粒径为120纳米,并且具有很好的分散性。热性能用热重分析（TGA）进行了表征,结果显示测量值和理论值相近。     

太阳能电池正极浆料用超细Cu/Ag核壳金属粉制备

反应体系中引入强还原剂抗坏血酸,通过反应条件抑制置换反应,使EDTA银络合溶液优先发生液相还原反应,制备了Cu/Ag核壳金属粉。采用XRD、SEM、EDS、TGA和激光粒度仪等分析手段对所得核壳金属粉的晶相组成、形貌、粒度分布及含量进行分析。结果表明:抗坏血酸还原法经过一次包覆后,在纳米级Cu粉的表面得到包覆完整的Ag层。本工艺得到Cu/30%Ag(质量分数)核壳粉末具有良好的抗氧化性和热稳定性。并将所得Cu/30%Ag核壳金属粉调制成太阳能电池用浆料,通过丝网印刷在硅片上并烧结,用四探针测试仪测得烧结膜的方阻为12.35 mΩ/□,可满足太阳能电池的电性能要求。     

细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的研究进展

对国内外细乳液聚合技术包覆无机纳米粒子的研究进展进行了综述,简单介绍了细乳液聚合的特点、细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的机理及今后的发展趋势.重点分析了超声波分散、乳化剂类型和用量、表面处理、共乳化剂、聚合温度、单体和引发剂等因素对细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的影响,同时指出无机纳米粒子的均匀分散、制备粒径小且分布均匀的无机纳米粒子-单体细液滴是细乳液聚合包覆无机纳米粒子的关键.     

氟改性丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及其涂层表面疏水性能

使用含有不同长度全氟碳链的全氟烷基乙基醇分别与甲基丙烯酸氯和甲苯二异氰酸酯反应,制备了两种不同的含氟单体 TEMAc-n 和 FnTDI,然后分别通过自由基共聚合反应和对合成好的常规含羟基丙烯酸酯共聚物进行后改性两种路线,制备了两类含有相同全氟碳链结构的氟改性丙烯酸酯共聚物 xTEMAc-n 和 xFnTDI 及其涂层。 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(¹⁹F NMR)技术对单体和相应共聚物的化学结构进行了表征,用示差扫描量热法(DSC) 测试了共聚物的玻璃化转变温度,通过静态水接触角、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对共聚物膜层的表面性能进行了表征。 结果表明,制备合成了预期的含氟单体和含氟共聚物。 随着含氟单体的引入,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度升高,涂层的疏水性能提高。 含氟链段的长度对涂层疏水性的贡献大于氟含量的影响,与自由基共聚合方法制备氟改性共聚物 xTEMAc-n 相比,使用异氰酸酯基含氟单体对常规含羟基丙烯酸酯共聚物进行后改性制备的氟改性共聚物 xFnTDI,成膜时含氟链段更容易向涂层表面迁移,引入较少的含氟单体就可以获得优异的疏水性能。     

Use of atmospheric pressure plasma to confer durable water repellent functionality and antimicrobial functionality on cotton/polyester blend

A non-thermal, high density atmospheric plasma glow discharge treatment was used to impart functionality to cotton/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric to furnish a surface that is water repellent and then antimicrobial only.In this work, cotton/PET (50/50%) blend fabric was treated with a water repellent treatment through activating the surface with plasma, depositing a vaporized fluorocarbon based monomers, 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate (THPFDA) and 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorododecyl acrylate (THPFDDA), then graft polymerizing the monomer with a second plasma exposure. Samples were then further treated with an antimicrobial agent, diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), a quaternary ammonium salt. Plasma treatment was used to induce free radical chain polymerization of the DADMAC, conferring a graft polymerized network on the fabric with potentially durable antimicrobial properties.It was shown that the water repellent treatment via plasma induced-graft polymerization was successful in yielding a highly hydrophobic fabric with a finish durable to laundering.The results of the antimicrobial tests showed that the treated fabric reduced the activity of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria by more than 99.994%, demonstrating that the antimicrobial agent can function effectively on the water repellent treated fabric. However, despite the evidence of the presence of fluorine containing compounds on the fabric following the antimicrobial treatment, which was confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis, the water repellency was lost, which was attributed to changes in the orientation of the fluorocarbon polymer chains.     

Flame retardancy of cotton textiles by plasma-induced graft-polymerization (PIGP)

The permanent fire proofing of textiles of natural origin such as cotton is still challenging because only a surface treatment can be applied. Moreover, to be resistant to washing or harsh weather conditions the flame retardant must be fixed strongly to the surface, most efficiently achieved via covalent bonds. For that purpose, the simultaneous grafting and polymerization of fire retardant monomers on cotton fabric induced by argon plasma have been investigated with four acrylate monomers containing phosphorus, diethyl(acryloyloxyethyl)phosphate (DEAEP), diethyl-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)phosphate (DEMEP), diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEAMP) and dimethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DMAMP), which are known to be effective for this application. We also report the synthesis and the plasma-induced graft-polymerization (PIGP) of two new phosphoramidate monomers, diethyl(acryloyloxyethyl)phosphoramidate (DEAEPN) and acryloyloxy-1,3-bis(diethylphosphoramidate)propan (BisDEAEPN) on cotton fabrics. Their flame retardant effect was compared with the previously used acrylate phosphate and phosphonate monomers. DEAEPN and BisDEAEPN exhibit the highest LOI values (28.5 and 29.5 respectively). The good flame retardant properties of these phosphoramidate monomers are attributed to the presence of nitrogen which causes a synergistic enhancement in the efficiency of phosphorus-based flame retardants. The grafting and the polymerization processes taking place on the surface of the cotton textile were followed by weighing measurements, IR (ATR) spectroscopy and SEM. The fire retardant character of the treated fabrics was investigated by thermogravimetric analyses and LOI measurements. The durability of the treatment was investigated by using the accelerated method of laundering proposed by McSherry et al.     

乳液聚合法包覆片状铝粉及其耐腐蚀性研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯为单体,十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过乳液共聚包覆在片状铝粉的表面,并探讨单体配比、反应温度、反应时间对包覆铝粉耐酸腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在单体丙烯酸丁酯与苯乙烯的配比m_(BA)/m_(St)为1:1、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为4 h时,包覆铝粉的耐酸腐蚀性能较好。运用红外光谱和扫描电镜对包覆样品进行分析表征。     

Relaxation phenomena in latex polymer materials modified by ionic phthalocyanine

The relaxation structure of ionic phthalocyanine-unmodified and -modified latex styrenealkyl(meth)acrylate polymers formed using various methods of emulsion polymerization is studied by dynamic mechanical relaxation spectroscopy taking into account data on the modifier distribution in the polymer and polymer functionality. The relaxation homogeneity of the studied polymer is characterized on the basis of the results of relaxation studies.     

Graft polymerization of fluoroalkyl methacrylates on the surface of cotton cloth for creation of superhydrophobic materials

An approach to making the surface of a cotton cloth possessing superhydrophobic properties is given consisting in graft polymerization of fluoroalkyl metacrylates by the atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP). Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was used as an anchor layer, followed by fixing of the polymerization initiator. The stability of the hydrophobic properties of the modified cloth under prolonged contact with aqueous media and organic solvents was demonstrated.     

Synthesis of polymerization film formation materials by method of emulsion or direct radical polymerization of acrylic monomer

Production methods and the properties of polymerization film formation materials are described. One of these methods is emulsion (latex) polymerization that takes place at a high rate at a rather low temperature. A second method is new and involves the production of polymer coatings by the immediate polymerization of monomers on the substrate without organic solvents, which simplifies the process and significantly extends the possibilities of its application for the modification of surface properties of products made from polymer materials.     

微球构筑防污减阻涂层的制备

通过乳液聚合法制备表面具有聚乙二醇（PEG）支链的聚苯乙烯微球,将所得微球悬浮液与丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液共混,采用涂覆的方式制备仿生减阻涂层。考察微球的组成及其粒度、不同微球含量对涂层表面形貌及润湿性的影响,研究交联对涂层稳定性的影响。采用异硫氰酸荧光素标记的牛血清蛋白（BSA-FITC）考察不同微球含量对涂层抗蛋白吸附性的影响,运用扭矩测定法考察了涂层的减阻性能。结果表明：具有PEG支链的聚苯乙烯微球粒径具有单分散性,所得仿生涂层表面分布着大量的聚合物微球,且随着微球质量分数增大,涂层水接触角减小、亲水性增强;交联反应显著改善涂层的耐水稳定性;与未添加微球的涂层相比,当微球质量分数为15%时,涂层的抗蛋白吸附效率最大可达到97%,当微球质量分数为6%时,涂层的减阻率最大可达到21%。     

一种水性防腐蚀涂料的研制

以废聚苯乙烯（PS）和丙烯酸及其酯类做单体,采用混合溶剂溶解,用环氧树脂进行改性,非离子和阴离子表面活性剂作混合乳化剂进行乳化聚合,制备环氧树脂改性丙烯酸树脂乳液,以环氧树脂改性的丙烯酸树脂乳液配制的水性防腐蚀涂料,降低了防腐涂料的成本,同时解决了施工现场的环保和废物再利用问题。     

Living radical polymerization and grafting of diethyl (acryloyloxy) ethylthiophosphoramidate onto cotton fabric to impart flame retardancy

A novel phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur containing monomer, diethyl (acryloyloxy) ethylthiophosphoramidate was synthesized in a two step reaction. The monomer was polymerized and grafted onto cotton fabric by the living radical polymerization method using benzyl N,N-diethyl thiocarbamate as iniferter and sur-iniferter respectively. The monomer, its precursor, iniferter and the polymer were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Flame retardant property of the modified cotton fabric was studied by the Shirley Manual Flammability Tester and it was found that the incorporation of phosphorus and nitrogen together exerts a synergistic effect in imparting flame retarding property to the fabric.     

自润滑纤维织物复合材料摩擦学性能研究

目的研究MoS_2和石墨填充对自润滑纤维织物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。方法采用玄武三号栓-盘式摩擦磨损实验机,研究了石墨和MoS_2填充PTFE/棉纤纤维织物在不同载荷条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并采用扫描电镜观察了纤维织物复合材料的磨损表面和微观结构。结果在较低载荷下,填充5%MoS_2可以更有效地降低PTFE/棉纤纤维织物复合材料的磨损率;在较高载荷下,填充10%石墨可以更有效地降低PTFE/棉纤纤维织物复合材料的磨损率。载荷为219.52 N时,5%MoS_2填充PTFE/棉纤纤维织物复合材料的磨损率由未填充的1.28×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m)降低到0.61×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m),降低了50%;10%石墨填充PTFE/棉纤纤维织物复合材料的磨损率由1.28×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m)降低到0.91×10~(-14) m~3/(N·m),降低了28%。结论石墨和MoS_2填充在摩擦过程中减轻了磨粒的嵌入和切削作用,阻碍了复合材料的磨损,提高了PTFE/棉纤纤维织物复合材料的耐磨性能。