Kinematic analysis and optimal design of 3-PPR planar parallel manipulator

This paper proposes a 3-PPR planar parallel manipulator, which consists of three active prismatic joints, three passive prismatic joints, and three passive rotational joints. The analysis of the kinematics and the optimal design of the manipulator are also discussed. The proposed manipulator has the advantages of the closed type of direct kinematics and a void-free workspace with a convex type of borderline. For the kinematic analysis of the proposed manipulator, the direct kinematics, the inverse kinematics, and the inverse Jacobian of the manipulator are derived. After the rotational limits and the workspaces of the manipulator are investigated, the workspace of the manipulator is simulated. In addition, for the optimal design of the manipulator, the performance indices of the manipulator are investigated, and then an optimal design procedure is carried out using Min-Max theory. Finally, one example using the optimal design is presented.     

Optimal dynamic design of anthropomorphic robot module with redundant actuators

In this paper, a study on the optimal dynamic design for an anthropomorphic robot module with redundant actuators is performed. Musculoskeletal structure of human body is a typical example of redundantly actuated mechanism, and provides superior features than general robotic mechanisms. An anthropomorphic robot module that resembles the structure of human upper limb is introduced to utilize the advantages of redundant actuation system. Optimal dynamic design of the proposed robot module that follows optimal kinematic design is carried out to maximize the advantages. Five design indices are introduced, which are associated with inertia matrix, inertia power array representing nonlinear terms and gravity terms of the dynamic modeling equation. A concept of composite design index based on max-min principle of fuzzy theory is employed to deal with multi-criteria based design. As a result of dynamic optimization, a set of dynamic parameters, representing optimal mass distribution of the manipulator is obtaind. It is shown that the dynamic optimization yields a notable enhancement in dynamic performances, as compared to the case of kinematic optimization only.     

基于工作空间的球面5R并联机器人机构设计

研究球面2自由度2R串联机器人的可达工作空间,并对之进行分类.在此基础上研究球面2自由度5R并联机器人的理论工作空间形成原理,根据理论工作空间的形成条件建立该并联机器人的设计空间,设计空间内包含球面2自由度5R并联机器人机构的所有尺寸型.在设计空间内寻找理论工作空间形状发生变化的机构临界尺寸条件,这些条件将设计空间划分为不同的子区域,不同子区域所对应的球面2自由度5R并联机器人尺寸型机构具有不同形状的工作空间,从而在全部设计空间内对该机器人理论工作空间的形状进行详细分类.探讨该并联机器人机构的工作空间面积性能指标与杆件尺寸之间的关系,并在设计空间里绘制相应的工作空间面积性能图谱.工作空间形状和面积大小是进行机器人机构设计的重要参考依据.     

Optimal design of a 3-leg 6-DOF parallel manipulator for a specific workspace

Researchers seldom study optimum design of a six-degree-of-freedom(DOF) parallel manipulator with three legs based upon the given workspace. An optimal design method of a novel three-leg six-DOF parallel manipulator(TLPM) is presented. The mechanical structure of this robot is introduced, with this structure the kinematic constrain equations is decoupled. Analytical solutions of the forward kinematics are worked out, one configuration of this robot, including position and orientation of the end-effector are graphically displayed. Then, on the basis of several extreme positions of the kinematic performances, the task workspace is given. An algorithm of optimal designing is introduced to find the smallest dimensional parameters of the proposed robot. Examples illustrate the design results, and a design stability index is introduced, which ensures that the robot remains a safe distance from the boundary of sits actual workspace. Finally, one prototype of the robot is developed based on this method. This method can easily find appropriate kinematic parameters that can size a robot having the smallest workspace enclosing a predefined task workspace. It improves the design efficiency, ensures that the robot has a small mechanical size possesses a large given workspace volume, and meets the lightweight design requirements.     

3-(2SPS)三平动并联机构局部承载能力分析

少自由度并联机构应用于机床上时要求具有较好的承载能力,而其承载能力与机构的雅可比矩阵密切相关,应用机构学理论求出其力雅可比矩阵,定义承载能力性能指标,得出了该指标在工作空间内的分布情况,并分析了局部承载能力性能指标与结构参数之间的关系,为该型并联机构的设计与开发提供了依据。     

Contribution to the design of robotized tele-echography system

This paper introduces the design of a master-slave robotized system for tele-ultrasound application. The objective of these researches is to design the slave manipulator of this system and its control device (master part). The specification process of the architecture kinematic is based on the analysis of expert’s gesture during ultrasound examinations. These studies have been carried out using a motion capture system. The medical gestures were analyzed in terms of ultrasound probe attitude and used in the definition of the kinematics specifications of the proposed manipulator. The Spherical Parallel Mechanism is selected because its characteristics meet the constraint requirements. The optimal synthesis of spherical parallel manipulators is performed using a real-coded Genetic Algorithm based method. Simulations on the actuator responses of the structure allowed us the validate it. In order to control this robot, we have also designed a haptic device that provides easiness to use as well as force feedback. Its orientation control strategy is based on a use of an adaptative kalman filter which efficiency was demonstrated during experimentations.     

3-（2SPS）三平动并联机构局部承载能力分析

少自由度并联机构应用于机床上时要求具有较好的承载能力,而其承载能力与机构的雅可比矩阵密切相关,应用机构学理论求出其力雅可比矩阵,定义承载能力性能指标,得出了该指标在工作空间内的分布情况,并分析了局部承载能力性能指标与结构参数之间的关系,为该型并联机构的设计与开发提供了依据。     

新型基于6—PSS三维平台机构的并联微动机器人

提出一种新颖的基于6－PSS并联三维平台机的微动机器人并介绍其结构布局特点,应用Jacobian矩阵和力Jacobian矩阵的子阵,分别对其线速度与角速度和力与力矩的各项同性进行了分析计算,并建立显式的微位移正解和反解方程,为其设计和使用提供理论依据。分析计算结果表明,该微动机器人算法与控制简单,微位移解耦和速度与力向向同性,具有最佳的运动和力传递性能。     

新型6-PSS微操作机器人的加速度性能指标分析

提出一种基于并联６－ＰＳＳ机构的新型微操作机器人,建立其速度、加速度输入输出方程并定义共加速度性能指标,分析其加速度性能指标与机构几何参数关系,为设计和使用该微操作机器人提供理论依据。     

Evolutionary bi-criteria optimum design of robots based on task specifications

The optimum robot structure design problem based on task specifications is an important one, since it has greater influence on manipulator workspace design, vibrations of the manipulator during operation, manipulator efficiency in the work environment and power consumption. In this paper, an optimization robot structure problem is formulated with the objective of determining the optimal geometric dimensions of the robot manipulators considering the task specifications (pick and place operation). The aim is to minimize torque required for motion and maximize manipulability measure of the robot subject to dynamic, kinematic, deflection and structural constraints with link physical characteristics (length and cross-sectional area parameters) as design variables. In this work, five different cross-sections (hollow circle, hollow square, hollow rectangle, C-channel and I-channel) have been experimented for the link. Three evolutionary optimization algorithms namely multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) are used for the optimum structural design of 2-link and 3-link planar robots. Two methods (normalized weighting objective functions and average fitness factor) are used to select the best optimal solution. Two multiobjective performance measures namely solution spread measure and ratio of non-dominated individuals are used to evaluate the Pareto optimal fronts. Two more multiobjective performance measures namely optimiser overhead and algorithm effort, are used to find computational effort of optimization algorithm. The results obtained from various techniques are compared and analyzed.     

Computer-aided design of manipulation robots via multi-parameter optimization

In the paper are presented the basic ideas of computer-aided design of manipulation robots based on adopted optimizational criteria and on set constraints of strengths, as well as on actuator capabilities. Using complete models of manipulator dynamics, a simulation programme was derived, giving at its output the optimal design parameters of manipulator. An algorithm was formed, optimizing simultaneously two of the several significant manipulator parameters. In one case these are two diameters of circular cross-section segments, in another, one is a diameter and the other the reducing ratio of the DC motor type actuator.     

DIMENSIONAL DESIGN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF 6-DOF SCISSOR PARALLEL MANIPULATOR

Parallel manipulators have many advantages over serial manipulators in terms of high load/weight ratio, velocity, stiffness and precision. A dimensional design theory and methodology of six degrees of freedom scissor parallel manipulator (SPM) is investigated. The SPM kinematics inverse equation is given. Based on the formulation of the local dexterity and the definition about the indexes of workspace incircle radius, the effects of the design parameters on the dexterity and workspace are discussed. Moreover the incircle radius change ratio about workspace are defined and used as the evaluated indicator to analyze the effects of the design parameters on the performances. A dimensional design theory that could satisfy the requirement of dexterity and workspace is proposed. The dimensional design theory and methodology can be of help in the design, trajectory planning and control of parallel manipulator.     

An algebraic formulation of static isotropy and design of statically isotropic 6–6 Stewart platform manipulators

In this paper, we present an algebraic method to study and design spatial parallel manipulators that demonstrate isotropy in the force and moment distributions. We use the force and moment transformation matrices separately, and derive conditions for their isotropy individually as well as in combination. The isotropy conditions are derived in closed-form in terms of the invariants of the quadratic forms associated with these matrices. The formulation is applied to a class of Stewart platform manipulator, and a multi-parameter family of isotropic manipulators is identified analytically. We show that it is impossible to obtain a spatially isotropic configuration within this family. We also compute the isotropic configurations of an existing manipulator and demonstrate a procedure for designing the manipulator for isotropy at a given configuration.     

球面三自由度机器人的力矩输入均衡性能分析与设计

对球面三自由度机器人力矩输入均衡性能进行了分析,给出了其机构设计。分析了球面三自由度机器人的输入力矩与输出力矩之间的关系,定义了力矩输入均衡性能评价指标和全域力矩输入均衡性能评价指标。在满足全域性能较好的情况下,应用空间模型技术选取了一组合理的机器人结构尺寸参数,同时考虑加工与装配工艺性,设计了一种球面三自由度机器人,该机器人可用作腰关节、腕关节和精密工作台等。     

冗余度柔性机器人轻型化结构设计

研究了冗余度柔性机器人的轻型化最优参数设计。在保证机器人末端变形误差不超过允许范围的情况下 ,首先 ,利用机器人的冗余度 ,优化机器人的几何参数 ,减轻机器人自身的质量。然后 ,在此基础上优化机器人各杆的横截面参数 ,使机器人系统质量在各杆之间更加合理地分布 ,进一步降低机器人的质量。提出了新的优化策略 ,并总结出了一些非常有价值的用于指导冗余度柔性机器人参数设计的的规律和结论。通过一空间 4R机器人的数值算例对本文的方法进行了验证 ,效果明显     

Transmission Index Research of Parallel Manipulators Based on Matrix Orthogonal Degree

Performance index is the standard of performance evaluation, and is the foundation of both performance analysis and optimal design for the parallel manipulator. Seeking the suitable kinematic indices is always an important and challenging issue for the parallel manipulator. So far, there are extensive studies in this field, but few existing indices can meet all the requirements, such as simple, intuitive, and universal. To solve this problem, the matrix orthogonal degree is adopted, and generalized transmission indices that can evaluate motion/force transmissibility of fully parallel manipulators are proposed. Transmission performance analysis of typical branches, end effectors, and parallel manipulators is given to illustrate proposed indices and analysis methodology. Simulation and analysis results reveal that proposed transmission indices possess significant advantages, such as normalized finite (ranging from 0 to 1), dimensionally homogeneous, frame-free, intuitive and easy to calculate. Besides, proposed indices well indicate the good transmission region and relativity to the singularity with better resolution than the traditional local conditioning index, and provide a novel tool for kinematic analysis and optimal design of fully parallel manipulators.     

新型6-PSS并联机器人工作空间分析

提出一种由Stewart平台演绎而来的正交6－PSS并联机器人新机型，介绍其结构布局特点，基于位置反解及其结构约束条件，绘制其工作空间的轮廓图，并定量分析该并联机器人RPY角和机构尺寸参数对其工作空间大小的影响，为该并联机器人的设计与实用化提供理论依据。     

Process optimal design in non-steady forming of porous metals by the finite element method

A new approach to process optimal design in non-steady forming of porous metals is presented. In this approach, the optimal design problem involving diverse objective functions and design variables is formulated on the basis of the finite element process model, and a derivative-based approach is adopted as the solution technique. The process model, the formulation for process optimal design, the schemes for the evaluation of the design sensitivity, and an iterative procedure for optimization are described in detail. The validity of the schemes for the evaluation of the design sensitivity is examined by performing a series of numerical tests. The capability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through application to a selected design problem.     

一种七自由度机械臂的研制

冗余度机器人相比较非冗余度机器人具有消除不可避免的奇异位形、躲避任务空间障碍、克服关节运动极限等优点。介绍设计了一种新型的七自由度机械臂,其结构设计是在6R机械臂的基础上增加一个自由度,是一种典型的冗余度机械臂。阐述了该机械臂的结构设计标准,并在此基础上构建各连杆坐标系,计算了主要部件的转动惯量并据此选择了电机和谐波减速器,最后在有限元分析软件ANSYS中对关键部件进行了有限元分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的部件性能达到设计要求。     

2-UPR-SPR并联机构尺度综合

五自由度Exechon机器人被广泛应用于高端制造业,其由具有两转一移三自由度的2-UPR-SPR并联机构和RR串联机构组成(U代表虎克铰,P代表移动副,R代表转动副,S代表球副)。目前对Exechon中并联机构的尺度综合鲜见报道。运用基于螺旋理论的运动/力传递性能指标对Exechon中并联机构2-UPR-SPR进行尺度综合。建立机构运动学反解模型,并对机构进行螺旋分析,得到2-UPR-SPR并联机构的局部传递性能指标和全域性能指标,作为机构运动/力传递性能评价准则。结合空间模型法,获得2-UPR-SPR并联机构的相关指标性能图谱,且根据工程实际需要确定最优区域,在该区域内选取多组数值实例并进行最优筛选。