纳米SiO_2冻干胶-ATO复合贴膜玻璃的制备及调光隔热性能研究

将纳米Si O2冻干胶和ATO复合分散液涂覆在PET薄膜上,干燥后贴在玻璃上制成贴膜玻璃,研究了其光学、隔热温差等性能。结果表明,当分散液为10%Si O2+10%ATO时,所得贴膜玻璃具有较好的光谱选择性,可见光透过率为77.2%、近红外屏蔽波长(透过率小于10%)为1 500 nm、遮蔽系数为0.69;同时贴膜玻璃还具有较好的隔热效果,自制贴膜玻璃试验箱内空气温度比空白玻璃箱内空气温度低8℃。     

复旦大学成功研发自动调温智能隔热涂膜

<正>给传统玻璃"穿"上一层薄膜"衣服",就能使房间实现夏天降温,冬天升温的效果。在日前举办的上海纳米科技与产业发展研讨会上,这种具有自动调温功能的智能隔热涂膜显示了奇特的效果。据复旦大学材料科学系主任武利民教授介绍,这种智能隔热玻璃涂膜是一种透明的节能涂膜,夏天利用纳米半导体     

纳米透明隔热涂料在建筑节能中的应用

介绍纳米透明隔热涂料对不同频谱阳光的透过具有选择性及其在建筑玻璃上的开发应用，它不但经济适用，而且节能环保，为建筑节能提供了一条新思路。     

透明隔热涂料的研究及应用进展

透明隔热涂料具有很高的红外波段隔热效果及良好的可见光波段透过率,用于建筑玻璃和汽车玻璃等透明隔热成为节能降耗的有效途径.本文介绍了ATO、ITO、FTO等纳米颗粒对太阳光谱的选择性及其透明隔热机理,概述了透明隔热涂料的国内外研究及应用进展,重点评述了基于热致相变材料的新型智能温控透明隔热涂料,并指出了目前透明隔热涂料在分散、抗老化、施工均匀性等方面存在及需要解决的问题,提出了透明隔热涂料智能化的发展方向.     

透明隔热膜对改善光伏组件温度和发电效率的研究

针对太阳光中的近红外光导致光伏组件温升,进而影响光伏组件发电效率的问题,开展了透明隔热膜在降低组件温度并提高发电效率方面的研究。首先,纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)透明隔热膜具有反射红外光,透射可见光的特点。基于此特点,在实验室将自制的纳米ATO隔热涂料涂布在光伏组件专用玻璃上,在分光光度计下检测样品的可见光、近红外光透过率;其次,分别在太阳能模拟器、室外日光下测试隔热性能以及光伏组件的功率特性。实验测试结果表明:实验室自制的纳米ATO透明隔热膜可有效降低光伏组件的工作温度,从而提高其发电效率和使用寿命。     

建筑涂膜隔热玻璃隔热温差测试及热工参数计算

在气流速度、空气温度、湿度等条件稳定的情况下,模拟太阳垂直辐射,对纳米建筑涂膜隔热玻璃进行持续照射,测量实验箱体内空气温度,计算涂膜玻璃的热工参数,量化涂膜玻璃屏蔽太阳辐射的能力。     

玻璃用透明隔热水性纳米涂料研究进展

玻璃用透明隔热水性纳米涂料因其环保、节能和良好的视觉效果而日益受到研究者和相关产业界重视,但存在现场施工不便,隔热性能欠缺、涂层耐水性不佳等问题。简要介绍了二氧化锡锑基透明隔热涂料的研究进展和产业化状况,着重介绍了隔热机理、实际应用中存在的问题以及可能的解决办法。     

纳米镀膜有机玻璃作为列车车窗传热分析

为了解决列车车窗节能的问题,提出了一种利用纳米透明隔热镀膜有机玻璃代替传统无机玻璃车窗的方法。该方法主要通过实验的方法分析了单双层玻璃、不同镀膜位置、不同气体间隔层厚度下的有机中空玻璃的隔热保温效果,得出了气体间隔层厚度为15 mm的双层玻璃的镀膜位置在内层玻璃内部时隔热保温效果最佳;其次通过CFD软件模拟的方法对明线运行的列车不同组合车窗的传热进行模拟分析,得出采用双层中空有机玻璃,镀膜位置在内层玻璃内部,中空气体填充氪气传热系数达到最小,比采用普通玻璃不镀膜的传热系数要小52.0%;最后通过CFD软件模拟的方法对整车车体的传热进行了模拟分析,得出采用上述最小传热系数的车窗,整车车体的传热系数将减小7.8%。该方法能有效实现列车的节能需求。     

石墨烯基纳米隔热材料的研究及节能应用

基于对以石墨烯和空心纳米陶瓷微珠为主要功能填料的隔热涂层材料的制备和工程应用开展的研究,结果表明将此隔热涂层分别用于民用建筑、工业集装箱房和石化储罐的表面,在夏季降温明显,可实现显著的节能减排效益。     

钠钙平板减反射增透玻璃的制备及研究

以普通的盖板玻璃为前提,采用浸蚀法这种区别于传统镀膜的纳米增透技术,通过对玻璃表面Na2O、CaO等活性组分的选择性腐蚀交换,在玻璃表面构筑得到具有特殊纳米结构的多孔SiO2膜层。通过对SiO2膜层厚度及孔隙的调控以实现入射光在传递过程中产生相消干涉,从而实现对光的减反射增透效果。试验结果表明：减反射增透膜层使玻璃透光率由89．7％提高到95．0％。与传统物理方法相比,此减反射增透膜层与玻璃基体间作用力为化学键。两者间更强的附着力使其耐候性显著提高,应用范围也将进一步扩大。     

严寒地区农村住宅围护结构保温改造分析

严寒地区多数农村住宅建筑围护结构热损失严重,造成其采暖能耗增加,强化建筑围护结构的保温性是提高建筑采暖效率的方式之一。以位于严寒地区的安达市某传统农宅为研究对象,采用EnergyPlus对该住宅围护结构的保温性能进行研究,并分析了建筑能耗情况,获得了建筑墙体、玻璃、屋顶等围护结构部位采用保温后的节能效率。研究结果表明：安达地区节能效率较好的墙体和屋顶保温材料为XPS保温板、玻璃窗结构形式为6mm+12mm+6mmLow-E低辐射玻璃;传统农宅采用建筑保温材料后,其节能率可达72.0%,从而降低了农村住宅采暖能耗,并可维持室内良好的热环境。     

Visual and energy performance of switchable windows with antireflection coatings

The aim of this project was to investigate how the visual appearance and energy performance of switchable or smart windows can be improved by using antireflective coatings. For this study clear float glass, low-e glass and electrochromic glass were treated with antireflection (AR) coatings. Such a coating considerably increases the transmittance of solar radiation in general and the visible transmittance in particular. For switchable glazing based on absorptive electrochromic layers in their dark state it is necessary to use a low-emissivity coating on the inner pane of a double glazed window in order to reject the absorbed heat. In principle all surfaces can be coated with AR coatings, and it was shown that a thin AR coating on the low-e surface neither influences the thermal emissivity nor the U-value of the glazing. The study showed that the use of AR coatings in switchable glazing significantly increases the light transmittance in the transparent state. It is believed that this is important for a high level of user acceptance of such windows.     

Thermal performance of linear Fresnel reflecting solar concentrator with trapezoidal cavity absorbers

Thermal performance of the four identical trapezoidal cavity absorbers for linear Fresnel reflecting solar device were studied and compared. The absorbers were designed for operating in conjunction with a prototype Fresnel solar reflector. Rectangular and round pipe sections were used as absorber by placing in the trapezoidal cavity. The absorber pipes were coated with ordinary dull black board paint and black nickel selective surface. The bottom of the cavity was provided with plane glass to allow the solar radiation to be reflected from the Fresnel reflector. The other three sides of the cavity absorber were insulated to reduce heat loss. Thermal performance of the Fresnel reflecting concentrator with each trapezoidal cavity absorber was studied experimentally at different concentration ratio of the reflector. The study revealed that the thermal efficiency was influenced by the concentration ratio and selective surface coating on the absorber. The thermal efficiency decreased with the increase in the concentration ratio of the Fresnel reflecting collector. The selective surface coated absorber had a significant advantage in terms of superior thermal performance as compared to ordinary black painted absorber. The round pipe (multi-tube) receiver had higher surface area to absorb solar energy as compared to rectangular pipe receiver. Thermal efficiency of the solar device with round pipe absorber was found higher (up to 8%) as compared to rectangular pipe absorber.     

Comparative performance investigation of integrated collector‐storage solar water heaters with various heat loss reduction strategies

A detailed comparative assessment is reported on the thermal performance of integrated collector‐storage (ICS) solar water heaters with various strategies for reducing top heat losses. The objective of this investigation is to assess and compare heat loss reduction strategies. The shape of ICS solar water heater considered in present investigation is rectangular. The thermal performance of the solar water heater is evaluated and analyzed for the following cases: (1) single glass cover without night insulation; (2) single glass cover with night insulation; (3) double glass cover without night insulation; (4) transparent insulation with single glass cover; and (5) insulating baffle plate with single glass cover. Energy balances are developed for each case and solved using a finite difference technique. The numerical assessment of the system performance is performed for a typical July day in Toronto. Each strategy is observed to be beneficial, reducing top heat losses, and improving system performance. The greatest performance enhancements are observed for the water heater with a single glass cover and night insulation and for the system with a double glass cover and without night insulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

真空隔热油管传热性能研究

真空隔热油管是稠油注蒸汽开采的主要设施之一,其隔热性能直接影响热采效果,因此,分析隔热油管隔热层内部的传热过程,研究隔热层各种结构参数对隔热油管隔热性能的影响,对改善隔热油管隔热性能有重要的指导作用。本文在测试隔热油管视导热系数的实验模型基础上,建立了隔热层传热的物理及数学模型,计算得到不同结构参数下隔热油管的视导热系数;研究了玻璃丝布孔隙比、隔热层层数、支撑材料导热系数以及铝箔发射率对隔热油管隔热性能的影响,研究表明:隔热层层数宜选为4~6层之间;选用的铝箔发射率应在0.01~0.05之间;在缠绕玻璃丝布工艺中,尽量不要让玻璃丝布对角线方向受力,以确保较大的孔隙比;在隔热油管加工过程中,应尽量使玻璃丝布和铝箔保持干燥。     

冷却流量对涂层叶片冷却性能影响的数值研究

采用气热耦合数值方法研究冷却流量对热障涂层气冷涡轮叶片冷却性能的影响。分析表明：叶片的冷却效率随冷却流量的增加而增大,但增幅则逐渐下降。吸力面上,附加热障涂层的效果更好。基准工况下,温度的降幅为72.6K,冷却效率的增幅为6.5%。尾部部分区域内部冷却不足,热障涂层阻碍热量从金属表面向流体传递,金属表面温度升高,综合冷却性能下降,因此,只有配合高效的内冷技术,才能达到理想的冷却效果。     

不同方法制备的TBC涂层特性的研究

众所周知,热障涂层（TBC）主要包括粘接层和面层两部分。该文采用空气助燃超音速火焰喷涂（HVAF）和氧气助燃超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）两种方法制备粘接层,大气等离子喷涂（APS）方法制备面层,来研究不同制备方法对TBC涂层微观结构和性能的影响。试验结果表明,HVAF和APS制备的TBC涂层,粘接层中氧化现象较少,热生长氧化物（TGO）生长相对致密均匀,以α-Al2O3为主,其它复合氧化物（NiO、CrNi、CoNi等）较少,表现出较好的高温性能。YSZ陶瓷面层隔热效果良好,是一种成本低廉的新型制备TBC涂层技术。     

反照率影响建筑热环境的实验

针对城市建筑物外墙墙面反照率变化，建立两个建筑物理模型，在不同反照率墙面材料的条件下，对夏季建筑室内热环境进行了分析研究，验证了采用高反照率的墙面材料是一种有效的、主动的隔热节能方式；采用积分拟合方法对墙面材料的反照率进行了拟合，其结果为实际情况下城市建筑外墙墙面材料的选择及其隔热性能分析、反照率的计算及其对建筑热环境的影响评价提供了一条有效的途径。     

Evaluation of the effect of nanocoated window glazing films on the thermal behavior of buildings

In this study, different coating samples of antimony tin oxide (ATO) films on clear glass were prepared and their optical and thermal properties were evaluated. Performance parameters such as glass U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient, temperature distribution, and net heat transfer gain using the glazed walls inside the test room were determined through numerical simulations. The results obtained indicate that the nanocoating thickness and doping level concentration of ATO films have a pronounced effect on the thermal insulation of the window glass. When compared with normal window clear glass, the transmittance of solar radiation for ATO thin-film coating of thickness 1140 nm reduced from 0.881 to 0.114 in the visible (VIS) region and 0.817 to 0.012 in the infrared (IR) region, whereas radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region was almost completely blocked. Similarly, for the ATO films with doping level 15%, the transmittance value reduced from 0.742 to 0.432 in the VIS region and from 0.718 to 0.114 in the IR region, and radiation in the UV region was almost totally blocked. Finally from the analysis of results, it was observed that the ATO thin films show exceptional optical and thermal properties and exhibit improved solar blocking behavior when compared with commercially available glazing (eg, from Saudi Arabian glass companies).     

Use of La2O3 with 8YSZ as thermal barrier coating and its effect on thermal cycle behavior,microstructure, mechanical properties and performance of diesel engine operated by hydrogen-algae biodiesel blend

In this present work, the effect of lanthanum oxides (La₂O₃) on the thermal cycle behavior of TBC coatings and mechanical properties such as adhesion strength and microhardness of 8% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) TBCs were investigated. CoNiCrAlY and aluminium alloy (Al–13%Si) were used as bond coat and substrate materials. 8YSZ and different wt % of La₂O₃ (10, 20, and 30%) top coatings were applied using the atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method. The thermal cycling test for TBC coated samples were conducted at 800 °C in the electric furnace. The XRD pattern shows that the La₂O₃ doped 8YSZ material transformed to cubic pyrochloric structured La₂Zr₂O₇ during thermal cycling. Further, the Taguchi-based grey relation analysis (GRA) method was applied to optimize the TBC coating parameters to achieve better mechanical properties such as adhesion strength and microhardness. And the optimized La₂O₃/8YSZ TBC coating was coated on CRDI engine combustion chamber components. The engine was tested with microalgae biodiesel and hydrogen, and the results were promising for the TBC-coated engine. The engine performance increased while using La₂O₃/8YSZ coated components, and the emissions from engine exhaust gas such as CO, HC, and smoke reduced considerably. It was found that there was no separation crack and spallation of the coating layer in the microstructure. Ultimately, the microstructural analysis of the optimized TBC coated piston sample after 50 h of running in the diesel engine confirmed that the developed coating had a superior thermal insulation effect and longer life.